AP Psych Chapter 5 Test Review

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response to decreasing the light the hypothalamus' suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing ____________________.

REM sleep

Nightmares are to __________ as night terrors are to __________.

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

Stage 1

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of ______________ ______ _____________.

Stage 1 sleep

Dissociation refers to

a state of divided consciousness

With the approach of night, our body temps begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the ________________ ____________.

circadian rhythm

Alpha waves are associated with

relaxed but awake state

Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more

self conscious

When subjected a painful medical procedure without the benefit of an anesthetic, a hypnotized person is most likely to

show physiological activation of the sensory cortex

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during

slow-wave sleep

REM rebound involves the

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

the brain stops producing endorphins

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of ____ ____________ _______________.

the circadian rhythm

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

feel powerless to overcome the addiction.

Hypnosis involves a state of

heightened openness to suggestion

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain

Traffic accident rates have been found to ______________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ____________ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved hostility toward his father. According the Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible __________________ content of his dream.

latent

Shane, a straight- A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chem test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ____________________ content of his dream.

manifest

When the light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ___________________ production by the pineal gland.

melatonin

Near-death experiences are

often accompanied by visions of bright light

Physical pain and intense craving indicate

physical dependence

Deep sleep appears to plan an important role in __________ ___________.

physical growth

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves ___________________.

dissociation

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience it's effects is an indication of _________________.

tolerance

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to _____________________________________.

viral infections

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

Drugs such and alcohol and opiates that can calm neural activity and slow body functions are

depressants

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of ______________.

tolerance

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

activation-synthesis theory

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of

addiction

LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the neurotransmitter serotonin. At the synapse, these drugs act as an

antagonist

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?

they excite neural activity and arouse neural functions