AP Psych: Chapter 6 - Perception- Selective Attention/Perceptual Illusions/Perceptual Organization
change blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment
choice blindness
failing to notice choices and preferences
inattentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
relative luminance
amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings
Phi Phenomenon
an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
convergence
Eight binocular queue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object; the greater the inward strain, the closer the object
retinal disparity
a binocular cue for perceiving depth
visual cliff
a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
cocktail party effect
ability to attend to only one voice among many
gestalt
an organized whole; these psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
monocular cues
depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone (relative size, interposition, relative clarity, texture gradient, relative height, relative motion, linear perspective, light and shadow)
binocular cues
depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes
perceptual constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change
depth perception
the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
selective attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect
Moon illusion
the interplay between perceived size and perceived distance helps explain this illusion.
figure-ground
the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings
grouping
the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups (proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, closure)
perception
the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input
visual capture
the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
lightness constancy
we perceive an object as having a constant lightness even while its illumination varies
size constancy
we perceive objects as having a constant size, even while our distance from them varies