Ap Psych Chpt. 12-13 Review
antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
systematic desensitization
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
An eye-tracking device that measures an individual's ability to focus on and follow spots of light has been used for the assessment of
ADHD
Psychoanalysts are most likely to
Attend to patients positive and negative feelings towards their therapist
Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of
Bipolar disorder
Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients current symptoms by focusing on recurring pattern in their
Interpersonal relationships
Julius is obsessed with avoiding germs and feels compelled to bathe at least 10 times a day. His therapist suggests that Julius continues his maladaptive bathing because this behavior temporarily reduced his anxiety on many past occasions. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.
Learning
Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressants drugs works, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming
Limbic systems
According to the medical model, psychological disorders are
Mental sickness with symptoms and can be cured through therapy
While driving to work, Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant. Throughout the day, the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of a
Obsession
Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crisis demonstrates
Post traumatic growth
In the United States, managed health care has severely limited the length of mental health services that may be covered by insurance. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of
Psychoanalysis
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Psychological disorder involving a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks.
During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as
Resistance
Obsessions are
The repeated uncontrollable thinking of a thought
Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning
Virtual reality exposure therapy
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
Schizophrenia
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.
Replacing a negative response with a positive response is to systematic desensitization as replacing a positive response with a negative response is to:
aversive conditioning
Systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response, whereas _______ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response
aversive conditioning
It is most helpful to use ________ for explaining why certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures
biopsychosocial approach
Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of
cognitive therapy
In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be
conditioned responses
Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from
discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary
Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely depressed patients?
electroconvulsive therapy
SSRIs are prescribed to
elevate arousal and mood
Preventive mental health attempts to reduce the incidence of psychological disorders by:
establishing programs to alleviate poverty and other demoralizing situations.
Carl Rogers is known for the development of
humanistic psychology
Resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called
lobotomy
Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies?
meta-analysis
Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing
obsessive compulsive disorder
Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
EMDR is most similar to a technique known as
systematic desensitization
The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of
systematic desensitization
Psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
token economy
type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens