AP PSYCH MIDTERM

Six different high school students spent $10, $13, $2, $12, $13, and $4, respectively, on entertainment. The mode of this group's entertainment expenditures is

$13

Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body

+0.60

During the last Central High School basketball game, the starting five players scored 11, 7, 21, 14, and 7 points, respectively. For this distribution of scores, the range is

14

Slow wave sleep refers to stages____ and the EEG rhythm of____

3 and 4/delta

Sleepwalking and sleep talking or most common places during stage

4

During the past year, Zara and Ivan each read 2 books, but George read 9, Ali read 12, and Marsha read 25. The median number of books read by these individuals was

9

Humans go through the sleep cycle of stage one to stage four to REM every

90 min

According to professor Fayad We like people who like us because their affection

A theory

In shopping for a new stereo, you discover that you cannot differentiate between the sounds of models X and Y. The difference between X and Y is below your:

Absolute threshold

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focuses attention on the

Adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions

Which one is not a characteristic of all human and animal senses

All answers are correct

Among the physiological changes that occur when you are dreaming is increased voluntary muscle activity.

All are physiological Changes and correct

Stage one sleep represented by EEG brain wave pattern referred to as

Alpha waves

What organization has published a code of ethics

American psychological Association

Which philosopher what is the first to conclude that knowledge results from our memories of our experiences

Aristotle

K complex waves Are unusual brain waves recorded by an EEG

Auditory

Which of the following correctly lists The order of structures through which sound travels

Auditory canal,ossicles, Cochlea, auditory nerve, Temporal lobe

Researchers are interested in studying the impact of drugs on human fetuses in this case why would a correlation study be more appropriate than an experiment

Because participants could not be ethically assigned to an experimental or control condition

Akria Believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief as a illustrates

Behavioral perspective

Which area of psychology might be best suited to investigate the following research question what happens in our brain when we forget details about stressful life events and how does it affect behavior

Behaviorism?

Professor read attempts asses The relative contributions of heredity and home environment and children's susceptibility to depression her research best illustrates the concerns of the

Biophysiolohical?

Endocrine glands secrete into

Bloodstream

Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art Spell looking carefully at each element

Bottom up processing

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?

Case study

The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was emphasized by

Charles Darwin

Which perceptiveIs most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences

Cognitive

The sense of touch is a mixture of at least four senses

Constancy

Studying the roadmap before her trip, Colleen had no trouble following the route of the highway she plan to travel Colleens ability illustrates the principle of

Continuity

And experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug research Participants who receive a placebo are participating in the

Control

Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes

Cornea/pupil/Lens/retina

A number that describes the strength of the relationship between events is referred to a

Correlation coefficient/ -1.00 & +1.00

To determine whether the strength of people self-esteem is related to their income levels researchers would most likely make use of

Correlation research

To examine assumptions to certain values evaluate evidence and assess conclusions is to engage in

Critical thinking

A researcher who receives participants about the goals of the research needs to fully inform them

Debriefing

Shelecia Conduct an experiment that may produce harmful effects

Debriefing

The delta way EEG patterns Is associated with

Deep sleep

The sadistic's used to summarize it organized but not interpret data collected are called

Descriptive statistics

Sensation is to___ as perception is to_______.

Detecting/recognizing

Neither he nor the experimenters know what what are the pills he takes her an experiment contain aspirin or placebos

Double blind procedure

Aristotle and Decartes But clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separate from the body is ideology was referred to as

Dualism?

Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of them here to psychological traits

Evolutionar

Believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhance the survival of our ancestors jeans. This viewpoint best illustrates the

Evolutionary perspective

Stanley Schachter experiment the high anxiety group was the

Experimental/control

One of the specialties of psychology that has become a very popular dude TV show is _____ the Diagnosis, evaluation, treatment and testimony regarding the long criminal behavior

Forensics psychology

Point on the retina where we see the best

Fovea

Psychology spread like wild fire in the United States due to the influence of this man

G. Stanley Hall

Historical movement associated with the statement the hole may exceed the sum of us part

Gestalt psychology

Which of the following census is best described as a chemical sense

Gustation

Why is Wilhelm Wundt often considered the first scientific psychological researcher?

He gathered data through experiments in his lab

Professor Smith told one class to alcohol consumption has been found to increase sexual desire he informed another class that alcohol consumption has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they receive that illustrates the power of

Hindsight bias

The chemical messengers of the endocrine systems

Hormones

Wavelength is to_____ as _____ Is to brightness

Hue/intensity

Call Rogers and Abraham Maslow is to _______ Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung is to______

Humanism/psychoanalytic

The news media reported that a new pesticide was not harmful to humans which of the following statements best amplifies critical thinking in response to this report

I wonder who funded the study

In one experiment most of the Participants reviewed a video tape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of a gorilla pounding his chest

In attentional blindness

What is the primary limitation of the case study research method

Individual cases can be misleading and result in false generalizations.

Which of the following to find ethical principles that should guide human experimenmentation

Informed consent protection from harm confidentiality debriefing

In Wilhelm Wundts experiments participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of receiving a sound. By asking participants to exam and report their conscious experience, Wundt Was making use of which of the following

Introspection

Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"?

John B. Watson

Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is a blank slate

John Locke

Which of the following are considered to be limitations of Psychological experiments conducted in a laboratory environment

Laboratories artificial environment so behavior might not apply to real

Why researchers careful to use large Representative samples in their studies

Larger representative sample sizes help ensure reliability

In general, as a cycle of sleep reoccurs through the night it is to contain

Less stage 4 and more REM

In the Hawthorne study, The independent variable was the____ in the deep in the variable was____

Lighting/productivity

You are most likely to observe the phi Phenomenon while

Looking at a string of Christmas tree lights that blink quickly in succession

Most color deficient people probably

Male/lack functioning red or green eyes sensitive cones

Who was a student of William James

Mary Calkins

Which measure of central tendency what a baseball manager be most likely to rely on in Picking A picture hitter in a game

Mean

The speed at which a Neural impulse travels is increasing in an accident is incased by

Myelin sheath

The fraction problems are not usually in humans. Sometimes the eyeball is too long referred to as_____ while often it is too short which is referred to as

Myopia/presbyopia

Night terrors are most associated with which of the following

NREM sleep

Jane, a nursery school student hypothesize that the boys have fights with finger

Naturalistic observation

Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by the home environments

Nature versus nurture

feature detectors

Nerve cells in the brain visual cortex that fire in response to specific edges lines and angles

Hodgkin and Huxley won Noble prize in medicine by discovering

Neural impulse/squid/axons

Touch is to the parietal lobe and ____ olfaction is to the cortex

Olfaction

Taste doesn't become flavor until we combine the sensations of

Olfaction and gustation

Smell is to taste as____ is to ___

Olfaction/ gustation

Which of the following does not belong with the other three

Omega

Sasha believesShe's a very good driver her belief later to take unnecessary risk

Overconfidence

The farm boy John Thomas limbs were successfully reattached his body because if they belong to the

PNS/CNS

Due to its unusual physiological characteristics in brainwave patterns REM is often referred to as

Paradoxical sleep

March psychology teacher played a sample of music

Perceptual set

The mental predisposition To perceive one image but not the other is

Perceptual set

Wilhelm Wundt's Laboratory work involved experimental studies of

Personality development?

The__ is Referred to as the master gland because of its influence

Pituitarygland/endocrine/hypothalamus

Clinical psychologist specializes in

Providing therapy to troubled people

A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing

Psychodynamic perspective

A rapid EEG (beta waves), dreaming, rapid eye movements, and profound muscle relaxation go with

REM sleep

Study the effects of noise On workers productivity researchers have one group of subjects work in a noisy room

Random assignment

Which of the following people is most useful for helping survey researchers to avoid false generalization

Random sampling

Why is replication important to science

Repeated research with similar results increases confidence in the reliability of the original findings.

Reviewing Jane Elliot brown eyes blue eyes experiment

Self fullfilling prophecy

As you're reading this question the sales in your eyes are firing in response

Senso

Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior

Sigmund Freud

And exhausted forest ranger my notice the faintest sent for aspire where is that stronger but less important Eldersville to get

Signal detection theory

In observing a football game on TV we are mediately able to recognize the players as members of the respective teams

Similarity

Stanley Milgram's experiment would be considered a

Single blind/Authority/electrical shock

Sleep spindles, which appear against the background of mixed nuts a lower frequency EEG activity are characteristics of

Stage 2 sleep

You may experience hypnagogic sensations Such as falling asleep during this brief stage of sleep

Stage one sleep

Audio tapes types of soothing Ocean Sounds accompanied by faith and verbal messages design to I desire to lose weight

Subliminal messaging

A researcher interested in investigating the attitudes or opinions of a large sample of people is most likely to be which research method

Survey

Random sampling is to____ as Random assignment is to_____

Surveys/experiments

If you have the power of this Parapsychology form you would be able to send and receive answers to other classmates

Telepathy

The rang is

The difference between the highest and lowest scores

What a difference between two groups of data is a Statistical significance of this means

The difference is not likely due to chance variation

Which of the following best describes the view of the mind held by Plato and Socrates

The mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies.

Given the clinical nature of sleep we can expect to do most dreaming

Towards the end of the night sleep

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is best emphasize on

Unconscious conflicts

When introducing our call a tasting challenge experiment

Variables

Motion sickness and vertigo both involve this part of the auditory system

Vestibular system

The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisels Experiments with cat eyes respond to specific aspects of

Visual stimulation

What historical event prompted psychology to be seen as a helping science

WW11?

Just noticeable difference serves as a foundation for

Webers law

Which of the following questions most likely could be answered using an empirical approach

What causes aggression

Simon, who has a TV producer, has an idea for a TV show. It will ask contestants about BF Skinner and contingencies of reinforcement will most likely be the title

Who wants to be a behaviorist

The first psychological laboratory was established by

Wilhelm Wundt

The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by

William James

Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

William James

Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration Of neurons that produce

acetylcholine

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the

action potential

The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n)

action potential

epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the

adrenal glands

Some opiate drugs have molecular structures so similar to endorphins that they mimic endorphin's euphoric effects in the brain, making these opiate drugs which kind of molecule?

agonists

Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is

an all-or-none response

A person with schizophrenia may have an overactive dopamine system. Drugs used to treat this disorder prevent the action of dopamine by keeping it from binding to its receptors. These drugs are

antagonists

The longest part of a motor neuron is likely to be the

axon

The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the

axon

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the study of

behavior and mental processes

Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

behavioral

Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses

behavioral

The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is

beta

In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders.

biological

Mr. Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Mr. Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

biological

Dr. Robinson conducts basic research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent?

biological psychology

Dr. Tiao conducts basic research on the effects of head injuries on people's problem-solving and abstract-reasoning skills. Which psychological specialty does her research best represent?

biological psychology

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between

causes and effects

In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on ________.

childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential

Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?

clinical psychology

The retina is to the eye as the ________ is to the ear.

cochlea

Dr. Karima conducts basic research on the relative effectiveness of massed practice and spaced practice on a person's ability to remember information. Dr. Karima is most likely a ________ psychologist.

cognitive

Which psychological perspective highlights the manner in which people encode, process, store, and retrieve information?

cognitive

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to

depression

Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.

developmental

The ovaries in Females in the testes in males are part of the

endocrine system

Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as

endorphins

Humanistic psychologist Focused on the importance of

healthy growth potential

Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ochoa's work best represent?

industrial-organizational psychology

Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

industrial/organizational

Kinesthesis involves:

information from the muscles, tendons, and joints.

Which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord

interneurons

In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of

mental processes

For you to be able to run, ________ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles.

motor neurons

When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is

muscular paralysis

The slow down of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the

myelin sheath

Dendrites are branching extensions of

neurons

Which of the following usually occurs in REM sleep

nightmares

To ensure that other researchers can repeat their work psychologist use

operational definitions

Experiencing a green after image of red object is most easily explained by

opponent-process theory

The phantom limb sensation indicates that:

pain involves the brain's interpretation of neural activity.

The brain breaks vision into separate dimensions such as color, depth, movement, and form, and works on each aspect simultaneously. This is called:

parallel processing

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

perception

Motor neurons are an important part of the

peripheral nervous system

Which endocrine gland regulates body growth?

pituitary

Hypotheses are best described as

predictions

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of

proximity

Which of the following professionals is also a medical doctor

psychiatrist

Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.

psychodynamic

Regina claims that she can bend spoon, levitate furniture, and perform many other "mind over matter" feats. Regina apparently believes she has the power of

psychokinesis

Reuptake refers to

reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron

A binocular cue that allows for depth perception by comparing images from 2 eyeballs or retina is?

retinal disparity

Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place?

reuptake

For you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, ________ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.

sensory neurons

Dr. Veenstra conducts basic research on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior. Dr. Veenstra is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

social

Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

social-cultural

When the observed difference between the means of an experimental group and control group are not likely due to chance, researchers conclude that this difference is

statistically significant

An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system.

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Neurotransmitters are Chemical messengers that travel across the

synaptic gap

Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of

synaptic gaps

Which of the following is not associated with REM sleep

tense and active postural muscles

An axon is

the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body

In the hypothesis "Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep," what is the independent variable?

time of day

Process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages

transduction

The cochlea Is responsible for

transforming vibrations into neural signals

Participants in an experiment are said to be blind if they are uninformed about

which experimental treatment, if any, they are receiving.