AP Psychology Chapter 7

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

LSD is most likely to produce

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

Hallucinations

I am a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen that produces euphoria and social intimacy by triggering the release of dopamine and serotonin. What am I?

MDMA

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its __________ content

Manifest

THC, the active ingredient in _________, is classified as a _________

Marijuana; hallucinogen

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been derived by psychologists renewed interest in

Mental processes

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

Nicotine

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

Often a combination of fact and fiction

Opiates

Opium and its derivatives; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Consciousness is

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Which of the following is usually the most powerful determinant of whether teenagers begin using drugs?

Peer influence

Biological rhythms

Periodic physiological fluctuations

Sleep

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

Physical dependence

While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of

Posthypnotic suggestion

Hallucinogens

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

REM sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur

Insomnia

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Circadian rhythm

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

The cessation of breathing during sleep

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of

The circadian rhythm

Tolerance

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

Withdrawal

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

How a psychoactive drug effects a person depends on

The dosage and form in which the drug is taken, the user's expectations and personality, the situation in which the drug is taken

Delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

THC

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

Monism

The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

Dualism

The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

Alpha waves

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Manifest content

The remembered storyline of a dream

REM rebound

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Latent content

The underlying meaning of a dream

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

Tolerance

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

Would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

Psychoactive drug

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Physical dependence

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

Methamphetamine

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions, mood changes, and overtime reduces baseline dopamine levels

Psychological dependence

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relive negative emotions

Dream

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind

Night terrors

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; occur during stage 4

Sleep apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by the temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks; sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep

Hypnosis

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Dissociation

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Post hypnotic suggestion

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy

Psychoactive drugs affect behavior and perception through

Alteration of neural activity in the brain

Near-death experience

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Sleep talking may occur during

Any stage of sleep

Cocaine and crack produce a euphoric rush by

Blocking the reuptake of dopamine in brain cells

Addiction

Compulsive drug craving and use

One of the immediate effects of ecstasy is

Dehydration

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

Delta waves

Barbiturates

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Stimulants

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Depressants

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Amphetamines

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes