AP Psychology Chapter 7
Hallucinations
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
LSD is most likely to produce
Hallucinations
Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called
Hallucinations
I am a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen that produces euphoria and social intimacy by triggering the release of dopamine and serotonin. What am I?
MDMA
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its __________ content
Manifest
THC, the active ingredient in _________, is classified as a _________
Marijuana; hallucinogen
By 1960, the study of consciousness had been derived by psychologists renewed interest in
Mental processes
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
Nicotine
Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are
Often a combination of fact and fiction
Opiates
Opium and its derivatives; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Consciousness is
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Which of the following is usually the most powerful determinant of whether teenagers begin using drugs?
Peer influence
Biological rhythms
Periodic physiological fluctuations
Sleep
Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of
Physical dependence
While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of
Posthypnotic suggestion
Hallucinogens
Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing
REM sleep
At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
REM sleep
REM sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
Insomnia
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Circadian rhythm
The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
Sleep apnea is a disorder involving
The cessation of breathing during sleep
Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of
The circadian rhythm
Tolerance
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
How a psychoactive drug effects a person depends on
The dosage and form in which the drug is taken, the user's expectations and personality, the situation in which the drug is taken
Delta waves
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
THC
The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
Monism
The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing
Dualism
The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
Alpha waves
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
Manifest content
The remembered storyline of a dream
REM rebound
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
Latent content
The underlying meaning of a dream
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of
Tolerance
Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
Would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep
Psychoactive drug
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
Physical dependence
A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
Methamphetamine
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions, mood changes, and overtime reduces baseline dopamine levels
Psychological dependence
A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relive negative emotions
Dream
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind
Night terrors
A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; occur during stage 4
Sleep apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by the temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks; sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep
Hypnosis
A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
Dissociation
A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
Post hypnotic suggestion
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized
Ecstasy (MDMA)
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy
Psychoactive drugs affect behavior and perception through
Alteration of neural activity in the brain
Near-death experience
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
Sleep talking may occur during
Any stage of sleep
Cocaine and crack produce a euphoric rush by
Blocking the reuptake of dopamine in brain cells
Addiction
Compulsive drug craving and use
One of the immediate effects of ecstasy is
Dehydration
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called
Delta waves
Barbiturates
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
Stimulants
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Depressants
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes