AP Psychology Unit 5
hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain
Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because
amphetamines
Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?
Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss.
Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?
hallucinations
LSD is most likely to produce
examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on his alcohol use.
Like his father, Martin has been abusing alcohol for many years. Using the biopsychosocial approach in helping him understand his behavior, psychologists would
a biopsychosocial approach.
Mark's abuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors, by the ready availability of drugs in Mark's neighborhood, and by Mark's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug usage. An understanding of Mark's difficulties within the framework of multiple levels of analysis is most clearly provided by
opiates.
Morphine and heroin are
often accompanied by visions of bright lights.
Near-death experiences are
barbiturates
Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are
dehydration
One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is
dissociation
Physical pain and intense cravings indicate
our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
enable some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia
Research has indicated that hypnosis
alcohol abuse may be significantly influenced by genetics
Research has shown that having an identical rather than a fraternal twin with alcohol dependence puts one at an increased risk for alcohol problems. This finding suggests that
disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories.
Research indicates that alcohol
Individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict
Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
feeling that one's life is meaningless.
Research suggests that an important factor contributing to drug abuse by youth and young adults is
cocaine
Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of
marijuana; hallucinogen
THC, the active ingredient in _______, is classified as a ________.
methamphetamine
The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ______ as one of the most dangerous of drugs.
has close friends who use drugs.
The best predictor of an adolescent's pattern of drug usage is whether the adolescent
stage 1 sleep
The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called
feel powerless to overcome the addiction.
The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to
Tolerance
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of
sleep spindles
The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called
REM rebound
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of
They excite neural activity and arouse body functions.
What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?
methamphetamine
When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug euphoria.
blocking the reuptake of dopamine
When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by
barbiturates
Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?
nicotine
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
LSD
Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?
Ecstasy
Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?
As sleep progresses, Stage 3 and Stage 4 sleep diminish while REM sleep increases
Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep
caffeine
Which of the following is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance?
Physical dependence
Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?
Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death.
Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?
limbic system
a emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the _______ during REM sleep
dissociation
a split in consciousness in which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
night terrors
about 3 hours after he falls asleep, bobby often sits up in his bed screaming incoherently. his mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. his pulse races and he gasps for breath. the next morning he remembers nothing. it appears bobby suffers from
it's underlying but censored meaning
according to freud, the latent content of a dream refers to
hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects
advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that
REM sleep (c)
after carlos has been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth
circadian rhythm
after four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. his present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal
psychoactive (a)
alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called
psychoactive
chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs
obesity
chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
circadian rhythm refers to
cocaine
A brief 15- to 3D-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of
depressant
Alcohol is considered a(n)
relaxed but awake state
Alpha waves are associated with
Psychological dependence
Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates
LSD
An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of
LSD
An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of
Addiction
Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of
reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.
Drug tolerance refers to the
depressants
Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
consciousness is
a good night's sleep
daniel kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by
physical growth
deep sleep appears to play an important role in
a state of divided consciousness
dissociation refers to
are triggered by random bursts of neural activity
dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams
REM sleep
evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through
REM sleep
fast and jerky movements of the eye are especially likely to be associated with
the impact of circadian rhythm is best illustrated by
fluctuations in energy levels and alertness across the span of a day
manifest
freud called the remembered story line of a dream it's ______ content
in response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading to your sleep
how is the hypothalamus involved in sleep
heightened openness to suggestion
hypnosis involves a state of
social influence theory
hypnotize people are more likely to perform dangerous acts then those who asked asked to stimulate hypnosis. this fact is most consistent with
latent
josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. the therapist explains that the dream reflects josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. according to freud, the therapist is revealing the possible _______ content of josef's dream
posthypnotic suggestion
just prior to awakening chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of
insomnia
layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. layla is most likely suffering from
wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming
margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. to prove that margie does dream, the sister should
sleep apnea
mr. dayton occasional stops breathing while he's sleeping. he wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. mrs. dayton complains that her husband snores. clearly mr. dayton suffers from
distracting attention
one plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by
dreaming
one theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and persevering neural pathways in the brain
strongly expect that they can be hypnotized
people are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they
conscious role-playing
people become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. this fact is most consistent with The theory that hypnosis involves
dissociation (p)
people hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in the brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. this most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves
people are most likely to dream of failure than success
research studies of the content of dreams indicate that
hallucinations
sensory experiences without sensory stimulus are called
the cessation of breathing during sleep
sleep apnea is a disorder involving
diminish immunity to disease
sleep deprivation has been shown to
effective memory
slow-wave sleep promotes
social influence
the claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of
90 minutes
the human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called
humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep
the occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that
Hypnotized participants asked to lower their arm into an ice bath exhibited no pain when given that suggestion. Psychologists supporting the social influence theory would suggest that
the participate was caught up in playing the role of a "good hypnotic subject" they could ignore pain
REM rebound involves the
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
biopsychosocial
to move beyond the "hypnosis is a social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciously" debate, today's hypnosis research are using a unified ________ approach
increase;decrease
traffic accidents rates have been found to ______ after the spring changes to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall changes back to standard time
biopsychosocial (u)
understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach
conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds
until reading this question you were unaware that youd shoes are pressing against your feet. this focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention illustrates that
melatonin
when light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter _________ production by the pineal gland
people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer
which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns
the combine fact and fiction
which of the following is true of "hypnotically refreshed" memories
it's a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream
which of the following is true of melatonin
they typically occur during stage 4 sleep
which of the following is true of night terrors