AP Psychology Unit 5

hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

amphetamines

Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss.

Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?

hallucinations

LSD is most likely to produce

examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on his alcohol use.

Like his father, Martin has been abusing alcohol for many years. Using the biopsychosocial approach in helping him understand his behavior, psychologists would

a biopsychosocial approach.

Mark's abuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors, by the ready availability of drugs in Mark's neighborhood, and by Mark's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug usage. An understanding of Mark's difficulties within the framework of multiple levels of analysis is most clearly provided by

opiates.

Morphine and heroin are

often accompanied by visions of bright lights.

Near-death experiences are

barbiturates

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are

dehydration

One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is

dissociation

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

enable some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia

Research has indicated that hypnosis

alcohol abuse may be significantly influenced by genetics

Research has shown that having an identical rather than a fraternal twin with alcohol dependence puts one at an increased risk for alcohol problems. This finding suggests that

disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories.

Research indicates that alcohol

Individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

feeling that one's life is meaningless.

Research suggests that an important factor contributing to drug abuse by youth and young adults is

cocaine

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

marijuana; hallucinogen

THC, the active ingredient in _______, is classified as a ________.

methamphetamine

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ______ as one of the most dangerous of drugs.

has close friends who use drugs.

The best predictor of an adolescent's pattern of drug usage is whether the adolescent

stage 1 sleep

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

Withdrawal

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

feel powerless to overcome the addiction.

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

Tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

sleep spindles

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

REM rebound

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

They excite neural activity and arouse body functions.

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?

methamphetamine

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug euphoria.

blocking the reuptake of dopamine

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

barbiturates

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

nicotine

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

LSD

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?

Ecstasy

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

As sleep progresses, Stage 3 and Stage 4 sleep diminish while REM sleep increases

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep

caffeine

Which of the following is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance?

Physical dependence

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death.

Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?

limbic system

a emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the _______ during REM sleep

dissociation

a split in consciousness in which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

night terrors

about 3 hours after he falls asleep, bobby often sits up in his bed screaming incoherently. his mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. his pulse races and he gasps for breath. the next morning he remembers nothing. it appears bobby suffers from

it's underlying but censored meaning

according to freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

REM sleep (c)

after carlos has been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth

circadian rhythm

after four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. his present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

psychoactive (a)

alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

psychoactive

chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs

obesity

chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

circadian rhythm refers to

cocaine

A brief 15- to 3D-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of

depressant

Alcohol is considered a(n)

relaxed but awake state

Alpha waves are associated with

Psychological dependence

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

LSD

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

LSD

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

Addiction

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.

Drug tolerance refers to the

depressants

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

consciousness is

a good night's sleep

daniel kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by

physical growth

deep sleep appears to play an important role in

a state of divided consciousness

dissociation refers to

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

REM sleep

evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

REM sleep

fast and jerky movements of the eye are especially likely to be associated with

the impact of circadian rhythm is best illustrated by

fluctuations in energy levels and alertness across the span of a day

manifest

freud called the remembered story line of a dream it's ______ content

in response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading to your sleep

how is the hypothalamus involved in sleep

heightened openness to suggestion

hypnosis involves a state of

social influence theory

hypnotize people are more likely to perform dangerous acts then those who asked asked to stimulate hypnosis. this fact is most consistent with

latent

josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. the therapist explains that the dream reflects josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. according to freud, the therapist is revealing the possible _______ content of josef's dream

posthypnotic suggestion

just prior to awakening chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of

insomnia

layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. layla is most likely suffering from

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming

margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. to prove that margie does dream, the sister should

sleep apnea

mr. dayton occasional stops breathing while he's sleeping. he wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. mrs. dayton complains that her husband snores. clearly mr. dayton suffers from

distracting attention

one plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by

dreaming

one theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and persevering neural pathways in the brain

strongly expect that they can be hypnotized

people are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

conscious role-playing

people become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. this fact is most consistent with The theory that hypnosis involves

dissociation (p)

people hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in the brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. this most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves

people are most likely to dream of failure than success

research studies of the content of dreams indicate that

hallucinations

sensory experiences without sensory stimulus are called

the cessation of breathing during sleep

sleep apnea is a disorder involving

diminish immunity to disease

sleep deprivation has been shown to

effective memory

slow-wave sleep promotes

social influence

the claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of

90 minutes

the human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

delta waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep

the occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that

Hypnotized participants asked to lower their arm into an ice bath exhibited no pain when given that suggestion. Psychologists supporting the social influence theory would suggest that

the participate was caught up in playing the role of a "good hypnotic subject" they could ignore pain

REM rebound involves the

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

biopsychosocial

to move beyond the "hypnosis is a social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciously" debate, today's hypnosis research are using a unified ________ approach

increase;decrease

traffic accidents rates have been found to ______ after the spring changes to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall changes back to standard time

biopsychosocial (u)

understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach

conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds

until reading this question you were unaware that youd shoes are pressing against your feet. this focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention illustrates that

melatonin

when light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter _________ production by the pineal gland

people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer

which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns

the combine fact and fiction

which of the following is true of "hypnotically refreshed" memories

it's a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream

which of the following is true of melatonin

they typically occur during stage 4 sleep

which of the following is true of night terrors