AP Psychology Unit 5: Test
the human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
90 minutes
how is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?
In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.
which of the following is true of melatonin
It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.
the hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?
NREM-1 sleep
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing
REM sleep
At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
REM sleep
Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with
REM sleep
After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal
circadian rhythm
After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal:
circadian rhythm
Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the
circadian rhythm
Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of
circadian rhythm
With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the
circadian rhythm
which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?
relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime
alpha waves are associated with
relaxed but awake state
Research on sleep patterns indicates that
sleep patterns may be genetically influenced
The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called
sleep spindles
the pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during
slow-wave sleep
People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they
strongly expect that they can be hypnotized
the circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
suprachiasmatic nucleus
the impact of circadian rhythm is best illustrated by
fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day
Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that
genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get
Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called
hallucinations
after sleeping for about an hour and a half, Jose enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. he is likely to
have very relaxed muscles
hypnosis involves a state of
heightened openness to suggestion
Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.
increase; decrease
Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from
insomnia
researchers have demonstrated that people trained to preform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. this finding suggests that sleep
is involved in the memory process
when light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ___________ production by the pineal gland
melatonin
the lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to which of the following?
narcolepsy
chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote
obesity
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.
consciousness is
our subject awareness of ourselves and our environment
which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?
people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer
sleep deprivation has been shown to
diminish immunity to disease
the divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves
dissociation
Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is
dreaming
researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in
treating obesity
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called
delta waves
Daniel kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women are most heavily influenced by
a good night's sleep
circadian rhythm refers to
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
sleepwalking may occur during
any stage of sleep
which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?
as sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases
When people are experiencing vivid dreams
their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids