AP Psychology Unit 5: Test

the human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

how is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

which of the following is true of melatonin

It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.

the hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

NREM-1 sleep

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal:

circadian rhythm

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

circadian rhythm

which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?

relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime

alpha waves are associated with

relaxed but awake state

Research on sleep patterns indicates that

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

the pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during

slow-wave sleep

People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

strongly expect that they can be hypnotized

the circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus

the impact of circadian rhythm is best illustrated by

fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

hallucinations

after sleeping for about an hour and a half, Jose enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. he is likely to

have very relaxed muscles

hypnosis involves a state of

heightened openness to suggestion

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from

insomnia

researchers have demonstrated that people trained to preform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. this finding suggests that sleep

is involved in the memory process

when light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ___________ production by the pineal gland

melatonin

the lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to which of the following?

narcolepsy

chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

obesity

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

consciousness is

our subject awareness of ourselves and our environment

which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer

sleep deprivation has been shown to

diminish immunity to disease

the divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves

dissociation

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

dreaming

researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in

treating obesity

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

delta waves

Daniel kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women are most heavily influenced by

a good night's sleep

circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

sleepwalking may occur during

any stage of sleep

which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

as sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids