AP quiz questions CH 10-13

Which of the following statements about adolescents' level and degree of interaction with parents is true?

Adolescents interact more often with, are closer to, and argue more with their mothers than with their fathers.

What do the most recent models of the psychological process of achievement during adolescence illustrate?

All of the above are true.

Studies show that disadvantaged youth perform more poorly in school than their advantaged counterparts. Which of the following reasons best accounts for this disparity?

All of the above.

Amy is a "straight" 16-year-old adolescent. Kelly, also 16, has discovered that she has homosexual interests. Which girl is most confused about her gender identity because of her sexual orientation?

Amy and Kelly are likely to be equally confused because gender identity is separate from sexual orientation.

_______________ is an example of an internalizing disorder; _______________ is an example of an externalizing disorder.

Anxiety; delinquency

arol has just learned that her son, Mike, has been caught shoplifting for the fifth time. Carol told the police that Mike is just reacting to the stress of going through puberty. How accurate is Carol's idea

Carol is incorrect. Problem behavior is virtually never a direct consequence of going through the normative adolescent changes.

Greg suffers from depression. His friend, Matthew, also suffers from depression as well as conduct disorder. Which boy probably had worse family experiences?

Matthew

Professor Stein wants to test the stereotype threat effect. What is the most likely scenario if this effect does, in fact, occur?

Professor Stein tells participants in the experimental group that members of their ethnic group perform poorly on the type of task that he is asking them to perform, and these participants perform more poorly than participants in the control group.

Bill approaches new tasks with the attitude that he can master them, and he tries to do so because he wants to gain new skills. Bill is motivated by:

a mastery orientation.

According to Sullivan, if the interpersonal tasks of adolescence are negotiated successfully, the young adolescent enters late adolescence able to:

all of the above

Stephanie, an adolescent who has witnessed a great deal of conflict between her parents, will most likely experience higher levels of:

all of the above

Maria is the mother of a 6-month-old baby girl, Antonia. Antonia does not seem to have a close, trusting bond with Maria. Instead, their relationship is characterized by ambivalence. What type of attachment best describes Antonia's relationship with Maria?

anxious-resistant attachment

According to recent research, what percent of adolescents have attempted suicide?

approximately 10% of females and 5% of males

Research assessing the link between infant attachment and the quality of interpersonal relationships in adolescence and young adulthood finds:

early relationships set the stage for later interpersonal relationships.

Both _____________ are cause by a bacterium, whereas ____________ are caused by a virus.

gonorrhea and chlamydia; herpes and human papilloma virus

Eduardo was caught binge drinking on Saturday night. This means that he:

has had more than five alcoholic drinks in a row.

Research studying the relation between identity and intimacy has provided support for the idea that:

individuals follow different developmental paths

Although this theory has not been supported empirically, it was once believed that Black students in the inner city who do well in school:

may be criticized by their peers who say they are "acting White."

In contrast to delinquent individuals who engage in sex in a romantic relationship, at least one research study found that delinquent adolescents who engage in casual sex:

may have genes that influence both the propensity to engage in delinquency and the tendency to seek opportunities to have sex "just for fun," which is consistent with other research on the genetic basis of traits like sensation seeking and impulsivity.

Approximately how many high school seniors have taken prescription drugs, like Percocet or Vicodin for recreational use?

not very many (about 7%)

One explanation for girls' greater susceptibility to internalizing problems, such as depression, emphasizes their greater orientation toward and sensitivity to interpersonal relationships. Specifically, gender differences in the level of the hormone ________ may play a role in making females both more invested in close relationships, and more vulnerable to adverse consequences of interpersonal problems.

oxytocin

Which of the following is not a good predictor of whether adolescents will engage in sexual activity?

parent-adolescent communication

Which would be considered a cognitive symptom of depression?

pessimism

Which of the following statements concerning sexual-minority (LGBT) youth is false?

the progression through the phases of dating and romance is as similar for them as for heterosexual adolescents

Which of the following is the best indicator of when an adolescent will begin dating?

the school/community norms

Al's parents expect him to receive all As on his report card, play quarterback for the football team, and win the election for senior class president. When Al came home with a B+ on his report card, his parents grounded him for a month. Al probably will develop:

a fear of failure.

One study indicated that there is quite a bit of diversity among teenage mothers in their transitions to adulthood. Which of the following is not one of the three groups of teen moms identified in Oxford and colleague's study?

a group of individuals who bounced back and forth between identities and scored alarmingly low on all measures of "life satisfaction" (higher scores = more satisfaction)

In contrast to Sullivan's claims about adolescent friendships, more current research has found:

as the number of cross-sex peers increases, the number of same-sex peers either stays the same or increases.

The sexual ______ of males and females may be similar, but the sexual _____ of males and females is quite different.

behavior; socialization

Which of the following is not associated with risky sex behavior?

being exposed to pornography

Compared with students in other countries, U.S. elementary school students_______ students in other countries, and high school students in the United States _______ than their peers in other countries (especially in science and math).

perform as well as; perform more poorly

The term "______ syndrome" refers to covariation among various types of externalizing disorders that results from an underlying trait of unconventionality found in the adolescent's personality and social environment.

problem behavior

Professor Snapes is conducting research on sexual harassment of adolescents. He is likely to learn all of the following, except:

school-based programs aimed at reducing sexual harassment, such as a program called Safe Dates, have had long-term success.

Studies that have focused on the different developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and drug use have identified all except which of the following groups?

slow escalators

The practice of advancing adolescents to the next grade level in school based on age rather than their successful completion of the grade level is known as:

social promotion.

An explanation of why students' motivation and school achievement drop as they transition into secondary school is that:

teachers focus on grades (performance goals) rather than mastery of the material.