Political Science (Quiz 1)

Aristotle was the first political theorist to assert that a state's economic system serves as the foundation for a state's political system. What feature did he argue was needed for a democracy to flourish?

A strong middle class

Plato underscores the need for philosophical rule by revealing how some opinions are more valuable than others by distinguishing between imagining, believing, and knowledge. He makes this point in Book VII of The Republic in the

Allegory of the cave.

Which of the following statements about 18-24 year old voting turnout rates in the 2008 presidential election is true?

As a percentage, young African Americans turned out in higher numbers than Caucasians.

This form of government grants almost all power to an individual leader.

Autocracy

Why did Socrates refuse to flee his jail cell and his pending execution when offered an opportunity by his jailer?

Because he thought he had an obligation as a citizen to accept his punishment

Why does Aristotle hypothesize that a democracy needs a strong middle class?

Because it will balance the interests of the wealthy and the poor

Political scientists who use this methodological approach use mathematical or statistical models to explain different kinds of political and social behavior, without a strong commitment to values.

Behavioralism

This Roman statesman and philosopher argued that leaders should be knowledgeable about both natural law and positive law.

Cicero

Those advocating a ________ approach argue that to fight terrorism in Afghanistan, the United States must assist in Afghanistan's economic and political development.

Counterinsurgency

A person who believes it is the duty of government to ameliorate social conditions and create a more equitable society is a _______.

Liberal

Which of the following is NOT an element of fascism?

Libertarianism

Which of the following forms of happiness did Socrates consider an inferior form?

Materialism

Henry David Thoreau was put in an American prison over his objection to slavery and this declared war.

Mexican-American War

Which Italian political theorist argued in The Prince that power is the key unit of analysis in politics?

Niccolo Machiavelli

This Greek philosopher was a student of Socrates and was the author of The Republic.

Plato

This type of political system is ruled by the wealthy or a group of wealthy people who control or influence the government.

Plutocracy

This type of law is established and recognized by a governmental authority.

Positive law

Political scientists who use this methodological approach link experimental and quantitative data-driven analysis to an ethical responsibility to ask important questions affecting citizens.

Postbehavioralism

__________________ are surveys taken that provide a useful way of showing how different groups view certain political issues.

Public opinion polls

What Greek philosopher argued that the key to unlocking all of the mysteries of the universe could be found in mathematical formulas?

Pythagoras

Known by some as the American Machiavelli, ____________ argued that presidents must above all else have the political skills to "persuade" the "Washington establishment" and the American public to act on their agenda.

Richard Neustadt

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the ideal republic/human soul as described by Plato in his Republic?

Rulers/power-seeking

Who was the first woman to serve on the United States Supreme Court?

Sandra Day O'Connor

Who was the Greek philosopher sentenced to death by the Greek Senate for corrupting the youth and impiety?

Socrates

This teaching method used in law schools fosters critical thinking by probing the minds of students with questions rather than providing them with answers.

Socratic teaching method

This early Christian thinker created a dualistic vision of the universe that distinguished between the earthly city and the heavenly city when he wrote The City of God. What is the name of this theorist?

St. Augustine

This Christian theorist incorporated theories associated with Aristotle by bridging faith and reason in his classic work Summa Theologiae.

St. Thomas Aquinas

Which term best describes the pursuit of political aims by means of violence and intimidation?

Terrorism

What widely accepted view was Socrates attempting to debunk?

That might makes right

Which term best describes a political system controlled by a particular religious entity?

Theocracy

Plato offers a dualistic vision of the universe that distinguishes between the world of appearances and the intelligible world. This vision is explained in Plato's

Theory of forms.

_______________ classic text __________________ sets out to prove the correctness of Machiavelli's contention that power rather than justice is the most important variable in studying politics.

Thomas Hobbes'; The Leviathan

We feel the impact of Ancient Greece in our lives today through

Western democratic governments students' continued study of geometry the Olympic games doctors' taking the Hippocratic Oath All of the above (correct)_

Aristotle's theory of forms argues that all living things have a preexisting purpose. To make his point he uses the example of the

Why does Aristotle hypothesize that a democracy needs a strong middle class?

Plato's myth of the metals is meant to answer what question:

Why would the craftspeople agree to harmoniously contribute to the system when they are not permitted leadership positions?

Which of the following statements about youth voting behavior is true?

Young women vote in higher percentages than young men.

Aristotle's theory of forms argues that

all living things have a preexisting purpose.

If I believe that all government is corrupt and that organized authority should be abolished, I am a(n)

anarchist

An economic system in which the means of production, such as land and factories, are privately owned and operated for profit is referred to as

capitalism

The political system under which the economy, property, and major industries is controlled and directed by the state is referred to as

communism

In The Republic, Plato divides society into three distinctly functioning groups that he believed corresponded to the human soul. He refers to the group of citizens who engage in economic and business activities as the

craftspeople

Nations exert ________________ when they compel other nations to modify their behavior through military and/or economic force.

hard power

When a social science researcher makes an educated guess based on previously understood facts, he/she is making a(an)

hypothesis.

John Locke endorsed the belief in a(n) ______________ form of government.

limited

A society in which power is wielded by those who deserve it, based on their talents, industry, and success in competition rather than through membership of a certain social class or possession of wealth is referred to as a(an)

meritocracy

Plato's Allegory of the Cave reveals that most citizens are not suited to rule because they:

never leave the cave rely on "imagining" or "belief" rather than "knowledge" mistakenly accept their opinion as truth All of the above(correct) confuse shadows for reality

For Plato, the tyrant represents the worst form of justice because the tyrant

pursues both lawful unnecessary desires and unlawful unnecessary desires

It is in part because of Plato's warnings against democracy that the word democracy does not appear in the U.S. Constitution. Instead, Madison refers to the American system of government as a(an)

republic.

Ancient political thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle believed that political power

should be applied as a means to the ends of social justice.

When leverage is gained through the sway of diplomatic and cultural persuasion, the state is using

soft power.