AP Test 1

The following events are part of the skin repair process. In which order do they occur? -Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris -Formation of scar tissue -Inflammatory response -Formation of scab

3,4,1,2

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells?

The cells will lose water and shrink.

Why would the ink of permanent tattoos be deposited in the dermis, and not the epidermis of the skin?

The epidermis is continually replaced by new cells as old cells are shed.

How will water balance be different in patients with an ileostomy versus a colostomy? Choose the best answer.

Patients with an ileostomy will have more problems with water balance because they have less intestinal surface to absorb solutes into the blood.

Which of the following statements concerning connective tissue is FALSE?

Proper, fluid, supporting, and glandular are the four major types of connective tissue.

A burn that destroys the epidermis as well as the hair follicles and sensory nerves is classified as a __________ burn.

Third-degree

If the Ca2+ ion concentration is low in the cytoplasm and high in the extracellular fluids, which process would allow Ca2+ to continue leaving the cell?

active transport

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur?

cellular energy

Unlike cartilage, bone __________.

contains a blood supply

How would you explain to your roommate, who has NEVER taken an A&P class, why a superficial paper cut to his index finger did not bleed?

epidermis, the top layer of the skin, is epithelial tissue and has no blood vessels

What type of tissue would you expect to find lining the inner surface of the heart?

epithelial

When Mrs. M ate, her intestinal contents became more concentrated than her blood. This means her intestinal contents were __________ to her blood and her blood was __________ to her intestinal contents.

hyperosmotic; hyposmotic

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?

hypertonic

Which pair of terms concerning the osmotic effect of a solution on red blood cells is mismatched?

hypotonic; crenation

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following?

isotonic

Concentration gradients exist across the plasma membrane. Specifically, there are ________.

more potassium ions inside and more sodium ions outside the plasma membrane

Which of the following best explains diffusion?

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

When the arrector pili muscle is stimulated, it pulls on the hair follicle, causing __________.

goose bumps

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?

simple cuboidal epithelium

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion?

small concentration gradient

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?

soma

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

stratified squamous epithelium

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?

Cardiac

A white blood cell engulfing bacteria is an example of a cell performing ________.

phagocytosis

The Na+/K+ pump transports ________.

3Na+ out of and 2 K+ into the cell

Which of the following is ranked from largest to smallest?

Digestive system, small intestine, smooth muscle tissue, muscle cell

The value of the resting membrane potential is ________.

-70 mV

The following events are part of a negative feedback mechanism. In which order do they occur? 1. Body temperature falls. 2. Blood flow to the skin and sweating are decreased. 3. Sensors detect a temperature change. 4. Blood vessels in the skin contract and sweat gland activity decreases.

1,3,4,2

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding skin color?

A person's skin color depends on the number of melanocytes present in the epidermis.

________ is a loose connective tissue, ________ is a fluid connective tissue, and ________ is a supporting connective tissue.

Adipose; blood; bone

Which of the following secretion mechanisms does not match the product the glands secrete?

Apocrine secretion: hormones

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding muscle tissue?

Both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue are striated.

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion?

Na+

The concentrations of which two ions are highest outside the cell?

Na+ and Cl−

What is the main difference between negative feedback and positive feedback?

Negative feedback reverses a change in a variable that has moved outside of its normal range, whereas positive feedback strengthens it.

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?

Skeletal

Which of the following is correct in regards to positive feedback?

The initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces that stimulus.

What is the most likely explanation for the increased concentration of Mrs. M's blood?

Water has moved from her blood into her intestinal contents, leaving solutes behind.

Let's consider a scenario in which the resting membrane potential changes from −−70 mVmV to +70 mVmV, but the concentrations of all ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids are unchanged. Predict how this change in membrane potential affects the movement of Na+Na+. The electrical gradient for Na+Na+ would tend to move Na+Na+ __________ while the chemical gradient for Na+Na+ would tend to move Na+Na+ __________.

out; in

The plasma membrane is more permeable to ________.

potassium ions

Look at each of the figures below to analyze how the drug might be affecting the neuron. Figure A shows neuron activity under normal, or control, conditions (without the drug). Figure B shows neuron activity that has been altered due to exposure to the drug. Based on these results, the drug is most likely __________.

preventing Na+-gated channels from opening

The resting membrane potential depends on each item below, EXCEPT:

the greater permeability of the membrane to anions rather than cations.

Humans have specialized organ systems compared to smaller organisms because

there is multicellularity and increased size in larger organisms.

Junctions between the cells lining the urinary bladder, which prevent urine leakage, are examples of ________.

tight junctions