a/p test-ch 8
Albumin plays a role in.....
Osmotic pressure in the blood
The wave on an electrocardiogram that is associated with the atrial wall depolarization is the.....
P wave
In the healthy heart, the heartbeat is initiated be the....
SA node
in what order does the impulse for depolarization travel through the heart?
SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, Purkinje fibers
Systemic circulation is under.....
high pressure
Edema would most likely develop during or after which one of the following conditions?
inactivity
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases strength of contractions by...
increasing permeability of heart muscle to calcium
What blood component is most important in plugging leaks in damaged blood vessels?
platelet
Systemic circulation includes
portal and peripheral circulation
The valve at the outflow tract of the right ventricle is the....
pulmonary
The valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle at the end of ventricular systole is the....
pulmonary
What artery carries deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary
the left atrium receives blood from what blood vessel?
pulmonary vein
What two valves comprise the semilunar valves?
pulmonic valve, aortic valve
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures of the expanding and contracting arterial walls is the....
pulse
What feature is unique to cardiac muscle?
purkinje fibers
What structures disseminate electrical impulses across the ventricles?
purkinje fibers
Hardware disease is usually associated with ingestion of nails, wire, or other sharp objects. The portion of the digestive tract that collects these objects is the.....
reticulum
The SA node is located in the wall of which chamber?
right atrium
The coronary veins empty blood via the coronary sinus into the....
right atrium
The tricuspid valve prevents blood from flowing back into the....
right atrium
What cardiac chamber receives blood from the systemic veins?
right atrium
The cardiac chamber that pumps blood into the pulmonary artery is the.....
right ventricle
The heart chamber that pumps blood to the lungs is the....
right ventricle
The pulmonary valve prevents blood from flowing back into the.....
right ventricle
The valves that prevent backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles are called the...
semilunar
The muscular structure that separates the right and left ventricles is called the interventricular..
septum
The circulatory system is lined by what kind of epithelium?
simple squamous
Each cardiac cycle in a normal heart results from an impulse that is initiated in the...
sinoatrial node
What structure is the pacemaker of the heart?
sinoatrial node
The main component of the tunica media of muscular arteries is....
smooth muscle fibers
Which of the following organs is not essential to life?
spleen
cardiac muscle is....
striated involuntary
Input from what system causes vasoconstriction during exercise adn therefore an increase in blood pressure?
sympathetic nervous system
The pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is....
systolic blood pressure
Cardiac muscle fibers can be identified by....
the presence of cross striations and central nucleo
How does the volume of the right ventricle compare with that of the left ventricle?
the right and left ventricles have the same volume
Blood that has returned to the heart through the cranial and caudal venae cavae first passes through what heart valve?
tricuspid
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart is the....
tricuspid
Which of the following is a feature of the right side of the heart?
tricuspid valve
What vessel brings fresh, oxygenated blood from the placenta to a developing fetus?
unbilical cord
What vessel normally carries carbone dioxide-rich blood?
vena cava
Edema could be caused by....
venous congestion
Which of the following conditions is most life threatening?
ventricular fibrillation
On an electrocardiogram the T wave is most closely associated with.....
ventricular repolarization
In the normal heart ECG, the QRS complex corresponds to what portion of the cardiac cycle?
ventricular systole
What is meant by cardiac output?
volume of blood pumped per minute
Chordae tendineae are present on which valve?
mitral
The left atrioventricular valve is the....
mitral
The valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium during ventricular systole is the....
mitral
What two valves comprise the atrioventricular valves?
mitral valve, tricuspid valve
The muscle layer of the heart is the....
myocardium
The muscular layer that makes up the majority of the heart mass is the......
myocardium
The primary constituent of blood responsible for the oncotic (osmotic) pressure of blood is...
albumin
The major artery that carries blood out of the left ventricle is the....
aorta
What blood vessel normally carries oxygen-rich blood?
aorta
The ductus arteriosus in a fetus joins the....
aorta and pulmonary artery
The left ventricular outflow valve is the....
aortic
The valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle at the end of ventricular systole is the....
aortic
The valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole is the....
aortic
The P wave component of a QRS complex usually corresponds to....
atrial contraction
On an electrocardiogram the P wave is most closely associated with......
atrial depolarization
The least numerous type of blood cell in circulation is normally the....
basophil
Blood vessels that are the site of the transfer of nutrients between the blood and tissues are the....
capillaries
Which of the following structures are listed in the order in which they are encountered by a blood cell?
capillaries, veins, heart, arteries
The apex of the heart is normally positioned..
caudal and to the left
The second heart sound is produced by.....
closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
The first heart sound is produced by....
closure of the left and right atrioventricular valves
Systole is...
contraction of the atria and ventricles
What are the effects of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart?
decreased rate and decreased force of contractions
What blood pressure value is not as important in veterinary medicine in comparision to human medicine?
diastolic
Regeneration of cardiac muscle fibers following injury.....
does not occur
The blood vessel that shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta is a fetus is the...
ductus arteriosus
where are striated muscles located?
heart and skeletal muscles
The lining epithelium of blood vessels is called..
endothelium
The following major vessels contribute to blood flowing into the cranial vena cava....
femoral vein
The name of the hole between the cardiac atria that closes at birth in the mammal is...
foramen ovale
Which structure of the fetal heart largely allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation?
foramen ovale
The foramen ovale in the developing fetus allows blood to flow...
from the right atrium to the left atrium
The partition between the atria is the....
interatrial spetum
Myocytes are connected by....
intercalated disks
The junctions between adjacent cardiac muscle fibers are called.....
intercaled disks
The bundle fo HIS is located in what part of the heart?
interventricular septum
The partition between ventricles is the....
interventricular septum
The tricuspid valve controls the flow of blood...
into the right ventricle
The Purkinje fibers in the heart are located in the....
left and right ventricle walls
The mitral valve of the heart is the....
left atrioventricular valve
Blood enters the heart from the pulmonary veins in the....
left atrium
The first cardiac chamber that blood enters after returning from the lungs is the....
left atrium
The heart chamber that receives blood from teh pulmonary veins is the....
left atrium
The mitral valve prevents blood from flowing back into the.......
left atrium
The aorta leaves the heart from the....
left ventricle
The aortic valve prevents blood from flowing back into the....
left ventricle
The heart chamber that pumps blood through the aorta is the....
left ventricle
What heart chamber pumps blood to the systemic circulation?
left ventricle
Which chamber of the heart is surrounded by the largest amount of cardiac muscle?
left ventricle
The pulmonary circulation is under....
low pressure
The heart is located in the....
mediastinum, the central space that seperates the left and right pleural cavities
What vessels contain valves?
medium-sized veins