AP World History Chs. 14,15,18
A significant means for spreading the ideas of the Enlightenment was
A coffeehouse
What accounted for the drop of Spain's importance as a commercial power in the seventeenth century?
A drop in the output of the silver mines and poverty of the Spanish monarchy
Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable?
A positive environment will create positive results
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Napoleon's Grand Empire?
Absolute freedom of the press
Which of the following was not a position taken by Martin Luther?
Acts of good work are the sole source of salvation.
The person viewed as one of the founders of modern economics and known for the doctrine of laissez-faire was
Adam Smith
After the Turks were defeated in 1687, all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in southeastern Europe the
Austrian Empire
After the Turks were defeated in 1687, all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in southeastern Europe the
Austrian Empire.
The Cape of Good Hope was rounded in 1487 by
Bartolomeu Dias.
The greatest figure of the Baroque was the architect and sculptor
Bernini
The Russian monarch whose policies favored the landed nobility, at the expense of the serfs, was
Catherine the Great
Which of the following was not a result of the development of printing in Europe?
Chinese influence over European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper.
Which of the following is NOT an example of popular culture like festivals?
Collective activuty
Which of the following was NOT an advantage held by the Spanish in conquering the "New World?"
Competition from the Dutch
Which of the following accurately pairs Spanish conquistadors with the New World empires they destroyed?
Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Inka
The most influential Christian humanist, who popularized the reform program of Christian humanism, was
Desiderius Erasmus
The religious outlook shared by most philosophes was
Diesm
The largest population of Aztecs died off because of
Disease
A significant characteristic of the commercialism in the seventeenth century was
English imports came almost exclusively from the East Indies
What were the main objectives of Prince Henry the Navigator?
Expanding Christianity, obtaining a monopoly on the slave trade, and establishing colonies in Brazil.
The Council of Trent took the position that
Faith and good works were required for salvation
The Spanish prohibited intermarriage of Europeans and indigenous Americans.
False
The joint-stock English East India Company was founded in 1600 with the aim of developing trade in the Americas
False
The joint-stock English East India Company was founded in 1600 with the aim of developing trade in the Americas.
False
Peasants made up the overwhelming mass of the third estate except in
Flanders and northern Italy.
At the end of the Thirty Years' War, the most powerful nation in Europe was
France
In which area were townspeople NOT a distinct minority?
France
The eighteenth-century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was
Frederick II of Prussia
Which of the following was not an element in eighteenth-century global trade?
Gold and silver were shipped to America by Spain
The European ruler who developed the first standing army of conscripts, notable for the flexibility of its tactics, was
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
As a direct result of the French Revolution, this nation became the first Latin American state to win its independence from European colonialism
Haiti
Who were the philosophes ?
Intellectuals who desired to change the world
Which of the following would not characterize the Jesuit order?
It arranged a theological compromise with the Protestants.
Which of the following statements is an accurate depiction of the nature of the British Parliament in the latter half of the eighteenth century?
It shared power with the king, gradually gaining the upper hand.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the "Consumer Revolution" of the eighteenth century?
It was predicated on slave labor.
The first Russian ruler who took the title of tsar, who expanded the territories of Russia to the east, and who crushed the power of the nobility was
Ivan IV
The Institutes of the Christian Religion, a masterful synthesis of Protestant thought, was written by
John Calvin.
The Austrian ruler whose reform program abolished serfdom, eliminated internal trade barriers, and instituted a new penal code, among other things, was
Joseph II
The primary doctrine of the Protestant Reformation was
Justification by faith
Which astronomer argued for an elliptical motion of the planets around the sun?
Kepler
Alfonso I was the king of this African state and in an effort to stave off the capture and sale of his subjects on the slave markets, he made a poignant appeal to the king of Portugal
Kongo
In spite of their resistance to foreign encroachment, the Portuguese were able to establish trading outposts in all of the following EXCEPT
Laos
The traditional example of seventeenth-century absolutism has been the rule of
Louis XIV
All of the following statements are correct except
Love was the major reason for marriage
As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg,
Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in the Germanies
One of the earliest West African states to become Muslim was
Mali
What was the reason for the Diet of Worms in 1521?
Martin Luther was tried for heresy.
Which of the following are correct statements about life in Protestant Europe in the 1500s and 1600s?
Ministers were allowed to get married and have families
The philosopher who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was
Montesquieu
Which of the following was not an immediate result of the fall of Robespierre?
Napoleon was elected President of France.
The necessary improvements in which three areas are regarded as essential elements in the Age of Exploration?
Navigation, shipbuilding, and weaponry.
After Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was annulled by the Archbishop of Canterbury,
Parliament finalized England's religious break with Rome by passing the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the Anglican Church.
The Europeans serving as bureaucrats in the Spanish viceroyalty in America were known as
Peninsulares
The "most Catholic king" and the ruler who sparked a civil war in the Netherlands was
Phillip II
All of the following were true about European population and food supplies except
Population declinded
Which statement about the peasantry in Europe at the start of the sixteenth century is NOT true?
Serfdom in the manorial system had been eliminated
The golden age of English literature is represented by
Shakespeare
Southeast Asia produced all of the following for export in the 1700s except
Steel
What was the most important commodity of the West Indies for the French and British?
Sugar
Which of the following accurately describes European colonial development in the New World?
The English took New Netherland from the Dutch and changed its name to New York.
What philosophy distinguished Anabaptists from other forms of Protestantism?
Their belief in the complete separation of church and state
By the twelfth century, a great center of Islamic learning in West Africa was
Timbuktu
Before the coming of the Europeans, most slaves in Africa were prisoners or war captives
True
Historians have generally regarded the voyages of Vasco de Gama as the pivotal point in opening trade with the East
True
The primary motives of European expansion were "God, glory, and gold."
True
The Portuguese leaders who first landed at Calicut and seized the port of Malacca were, respectively,
Vasco da Gama and Afonso de Albuquerque
The most significant objection to the rule of James II was that he
Was openly catholic
Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French force defeated General Cornwallis at
Yorktown
Which two denominations of Protestantism were found in Switzerland ?
Zwinglianism and Calvinism
Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style?
a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action
The illegal event that constituted the start of the French Revolution was the
action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly.
In England, during the period of the 1640s to 1660, all of the following occurred except
after the death of Charles I, Cromwell became the new king of England.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free."
Christopher Columbus
believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought
Peter the Great's attempts to modernize Russia included all of the following EXCEPT
building a new capital on the Black Sea.
Rene Descartes
claimed that "I think, therefore I am."
Luther's reforms included all of the following except
clerical celibacy
The demand for increased slave labor in the sixteenth century was due to the dramatic expansion of
colonization of the Americas spurring growth of the sugar industry.
The Committee of Public Safety was established to
combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion
The French Revolution
created a "nation in arms" and an army of 650,000.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portuga
Prince Henry
established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419
Europeans embarked on expansionist voyages for all of the following except
fear that Islam would occupy the rest of the world if Christendom did not
Advocates of "mercantilism" argued for all of the following except
governments should abstain from any involvement in the economy
The VOC
had ten times more capital than the English East India Company
An important reason why Henry VIII broke with the Roman church was because
he could not get Rome's permission to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon
Dutch colonial efforts were
highly successful in Southeast Asia, and particularly on the island of Java
By the early 1400s, a growing percentage of the Asian spice trade was being transported
in Muslim ships
Ties between religion and kingship in Southeast Asia
included Buddhist kings, Javanese kings, Vietnamese emperors, and Islamic sultans
Among the reasons for success of commercial expansion was the development of
industrialized production.
Military conflict between the English and Spanish during The War of Jenkin's Ear was because of
intensified competition for overseas resources
As a result of European expansion into Africa
internal conflict among native African groups was intensified
The African slave trade
involved the forcible movement of millions of African slaves overseas.
All of the following were policies of Peter the Great except
isolating Russia from the ways and customs of western Europe.
The Edict of Nantes
legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France
The largest call for religious reforms came from
more austere monastic orders like the Franciscans
The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the
near bankruptcy of the French Treasury
In eighteenth-century Europe,
nobles constituted approximately two or three percent of the population
What constituted the third leg of the Triangle trade?
payment for slaves in the Americas with sugar-based products to be taken back to Europe
The system that came to be known as the "cottage industry" involved all except
peasants grew cotton on their farms and sold the raw material to entrepreneurs
Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by
seizing power in a coup d'etat.
The formal event which led to the break between the American colonies and England was the
signing of the Declaration of Independence
A discovery made by Galileo was the
similarity of the material composition of other planets and the moon to that of the earth
Queen Elizabeth I
successfully survived the Spanish armada
Newton's Principia
supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
Under the encomienda system, New World natives were
supposed to be protected by the Spanish
Among the major elements underlying the social crises of the 1600s was
that the Mediterranean area entered a steep economic decline as silver imports from Spanish colonies declined.
The final blow to Portuguese domination of the Asian spice trade came when
the Dutch VOC seized Malacca
The European power that emerged triumphant in the Indonesian archipelago, and took over virtually the entire region by the end of the eighteenth century, was
the Netherlands
The Spanish base of operations in Southeast Asia was established in
the Philippines
Among the complaints of religious Europeans around 1500 was
the belief that the clergy were too interested in financial matters and uninterested in religion
All of the following aided in the development of French absolutism except
the king's ability to rule directly over the internal administration of the kingdom
The Ptolemaic view of the universe believed all of the following to be true except
the planets were believed to be imperfect and material.
Northern Renaissance humanism referred to
the reforms of Desiderius Erasmus
Life in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century was probably better than it was in other parts of Asia during the same time period because
the region's geography provided soils that produced many beneficial products.
Puritans were all of the following except that
they admired the Catholic elements in the Church of England
The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the
use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society.
Cartesian dualism
viewed mind and matter as two distinct and separate entities
Enlightened absolutism
was based more on practical measures to strengthen the power of the state than to "reform" and free their populations
The Thirty Years' War
was ended by the signing of the Peace of Westphalia
