AP World History Chs. 14,15,18

A significant means for spreading the ideas of the Enlightenment was​

A coffeehouse

What accounted for the drop of Spain's importance as a commercial power in the seventeenth century?

A drop in the output of the silver mines and poverty of the Spanish monarchy

Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable?

A positive environment will create positive results

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Napoleon's Grand Empire?

Absolute freedom of the press

Which of the following was not a position taken by Martin Luther?

Acts of good work are the sole source of salvation.

The person viewed as one of the founders of modern economics and known for the doctrine of laissez-faire was

Adam Smith

After the Turks were defeated in 1687, all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in southeastern Europe the

Austrian Empire

After the Turks were defeated in 1687, all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in southeastern Europe the

Austrian Empire.

The Cape of Good Hope was rounded in 1487 by

Bartolomeu Dias.

The greatest figure of the Baroque was the architect and sculptor

Bernini

The Russian monarch whose policies favored the landed nobility, at the expense of the serfs, was

Catherine the Great

Which of the following was not a result of the development of printing in Europe?

Chinese influence over European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper.

Which of the following is NOT an example of popular culture like festivals?​

Collective activuty

Which of the following was NOT an advantage held by the Spanish in conquering the "New World?"

Competition from the Dutch

Which of the following accurately pairs Spanish conquistadors with the New World empires they destroyed?

Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Inka

The most influential Christian humanist, who popularized the reform program of Christian humanism, was

Desiderius Erasmus

The religious outlook shared by most philosophes was

Diesm

The largest population of Aztecs died off because of

Disease

​A significant characteristic of the commercialism in the seventeenth century was

English imports came almost exclusively from the East Indies

What were the main objectives of Prince Henry the Navigator?

Expanding Christianity, obtaining a monopoly on the slave trade, and establishing colonies in Brazil.

The Council of Trent took the position that

Faith and good works were required for salvation

The Spanish prohibited intermarriage of Europeans and indigenous Americans.​

False

The joint-stock English East India Company was founded in 1600 with the aim of developing trade in the Americas

False

The joint-stock English East India Company was founded in 1600 with the aim of developing trade in the Americas.

False

Peasants made up the overwhelming mass of the third estate except in

Flanders and northern Italy.

At the end of the Thirty Years' War, the most powerful nation in Europe was ​

France

In which area were townspeople NOT a distinct minority?

France

The eighteenth-century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was

Frederick II of Prussia

Which of the following was not an element in eighteenth-century global trade?

Gold and silver were shipped to America by Spain

The European ruler who developed the first standing army of conscripts, notable for the flexibility of its tactics, was

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

As a direct result of the French Revolution, this nation became the first Latin American state to win its independence from European colonialism

Haiti

Who were the philosophes ?

Intellectuals who desired to change the world

Which of the following would not characterize the Jesuit order?

It arranged a theological compromise with the Protestants.

Which of the following statements is an accurate depiction of the nature of the British Parliament in the latter half of the eighteenth century?

It shared power with the king, gradually gaining the upper hand.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the "Consumer Revolution" of the eighteenth century?​

It was predicated on slave labor.

The first Russian ruler who took the title of tsar, who expanded the territories of Russia to the east, and who crushed the power of the nobility was

Ivan IV

The Institutes of the Christian Religion, a masterful synthesis of Protestant thought, was written by

John Calvin.

The Austrian ruler whose reform program abolished serfdom, eliminated internal trade barriers, and instituted a new penal code, among other things, was

Joseph II

The primary doctrine of the Protestant Reformation was​

Justification by faith

Which astronomer argued for an elliptical motion of the planets around the sun?

Kepler

Alfonso I was the king of this African state and in an effort to stave off the capture and sale of his subjects on the slave markets, he made a poignant appeal to the king of Portugal

Kongo

In spite of their resistance to foreign encroachment, the Portuguese were able to establish trading outposts in all of the following EXCEPT

Laos

The traditional example of seventeenth-century absolutism has been the rule of

Louis XIV

All of the following statements are correct except

Love was the major reason for marriage

As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg,

Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in the Germanies

One of the earliest West African states to become Muslim was

Mali

What was the reason for the Diet of Worms in 1521?​

Martin Luther was tried for heresy.

Which of the following are correct statements about life in Protestant Europe in the 1500s and 1600s?

Ministers were allowed to get married and have families

The philosopher who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was

Montesquieu

Which of the following was not an immediate result of the fall of Robespierre?

Napoleon was elected President of France.

The necessary improvements in which three areas are regarded as essential elements in the Age of Exploration?

Navigation, shipbuilding, and weaponry.

After Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was annulled by the Archbishop of Canterbury,

Parliament finalized England's religious break with Rome by passing the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the Anglican Church.

The Europeans serving as bureaucrats in the Spanish viceroyalty in America were known as

Peninsulares

The "most Catholic king" and the ruler who sparked a civil war in the Netherlands was

Phillip II

All of the following were true about European population and food supplies except

Population declinded

Which statement about the peasantry in Europe at the start of the sixteenth century is NOT true?​

Serfdom in the manorial system had been eliminated

The golden age of English literature is represented by

Shakespeare

Southeast Asia produced all of the following for export in the 1700s except

Steel

What was the most important commodity of the West Indies for the French and British?

Sugar

Which of the following accurately describes European colonial development in the New World?

The English took New Netherland from the Dutch and changed its name to New York.

What philosophy distinguished Anabaptists from other forms of Protestantism?

Their belief in the complete separation of church and state

By the twelfth century, a great center of Islamic learning in West Africa was

Timbuktu

Before the coming of the Europeans, most slaves in Africa were prisoners or war captives

True

Historians have generally regarded the voyages of Vasco de Gama as the pivotal point in opening trade with the East

True

The primary motives of European expansion were "God, glory, and gold."

True

The Portuguese leaders who first landed at Calicut and seized the port of Malacca were, respectively,

Vasco da Gama and Afonso de Albuquerque

The most significant objection to the rule of James II was​ that he

Was openly catholic

Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French force defeated General Cornwallis at

Yorktown

Which two denominations of Protestantism were found in Switzerland ?

Zwinglianism and Calvinism

Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style?

a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action

The illegal event that constituted the start of the French Revolution was the

action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly.

In England, during the period of the 1640s to 1660, all of the following occurred except

after the death of Charles I, Cromwell became the new king of England.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free."

Christopher Columbus

believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought

Peter the Great's attempts to modernize Russia included all of the following EXCEPT​

building a new capital on the Black Sea.

Rene Descartes

claimed that "I think, therefore I am."

Luther's reforms included all of the following except

clerical celibacy

The demand for increased slave labor in the sixteenth century was due to the dramatic expansion of

colonization of the Americas spurring growth of the sugar industry.

The Committee of Public Safety was established to

combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion

The French Revolution

created a "nation in arms" and an army of 650,000.

The Treaty of Tordesillas

divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portuga

Prince Henry

established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419

Europeans embarked on expansionist voyages for all of the following except

fear that Islam would occupy the rest of the world if Christendom did not

Advocates of "mercantilism" argued for all of the following except

governments should abstain from any involvement in the economy

The VOC

had ten times more capital than the English East India Company

An important reason why Henry VIII broke with the Roman church was because

he could not get Rome's permission to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon

Dutch colonial efforts were

highly successful in Southeast Asia, and particularly on the island of Java

By the early 1400s, a growing percentage of the Asian spice trade was being transported

in Muslim ships

Ties between religion and kingship in Southeast Asia

included Buddhist kings, Javanese kings, Vietnamese emperors, and Islamic sultans

Among the reasons for success of commercial expansion was the development of ​

industrialized production.

Military conflict between the English and Spanish during The War of Jenkin's Ear was because of

intensified competition for overseas resources

As a result of European expansion into Africa

internal conflict among native African groups was intensified

The African slave trade

involved the forcible movement of millions of African slaves overseas.

All of the following were policies of Peter the Great except

isolating Russia from the ways and customs of western Europe.

The Edict of Nantes

legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France

The largest call for religious reforms came from ​

more austere monastic orders like the Franciscans

The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the

near bankruptcy of the French Treasury

In eighteenth-century Europe,

nobles constituted approximately two or three percent of the population

What constituted the third leg of the Triangle trade?

payment for slaves in the Americas with sugar-based products to be taken back to Europe

The system that came to be known as the "cottage industry" involved all except

peasants grew cotton on their farms and sold the raw material to entrepreneurs

Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by

seizing power in a coup d'etat.

The formal event which led to the break between the American colonies and England was the

signing of the Declaration of Independence

A discovery made by Galileo was the

similarity of the material composition of other planets and the moon to that of the earth

Queen Elizabeth I

successfully survived the Spanish armada

Newton's Principia

supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo

Under the encomienda system, New World natives were

supposed to be protected by the Spanish

Among the major elements underlying the social crises of the 1600s was

that the Mediterranean area entered a steep economic decline as silver imports from Spanish colonies declined.

The final blow to Portuguese domination of the Asian spice trade came when​

the Dutch VOC seized Malacca

The European power that emerged triumphant in the Indonesian archipelago, and took over virtually the entire region by the end of the eighteenth century, was

the Netherlands

The Spanish base of operations in Southeast Asia was established in

the Philippines

Among the complaints of religious Europeans around 1500 was

the belief that the clergy were too interested in financial matters and uninterested in religion

All of the following aided in the development of French absolutism except

the king's ability to rule directly over the internal administration of the kingdom

The Ptolemaic view of the universe believed all of the following to be true except

the planets were believed to be imperfect and material.

Northern Renaissance humanism referred to​

the reforms of Desiderius Erasmus

Life in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century was probably better than it was in other parts of Asia during the same time period because

the region's geography provided soils that produced many beneficial products.

Puritans were all of the following except that

they admired the Catholic elements in the Church of England

The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the

use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society.

Cartesian dualism

viewed mind and matter as two distinct and separate entities

Enlightened absolutism

was based more on practical measures to strengthen the power of the state than to "reform" and free their populations

The Thirty Years' War

was ended by the signing of the Peace of Westphalia