AP World- Unit 6

How did Britain change its role in governing India after the mutiny?

A British Raj and the colonial government.

Who was Cecil Rhodes? What company did he form?

A British investor, De Beers Diamonds

What was the White Australia Policy?

A policy removing Chinese from Australia

What was the Taiping Rebellion?

A revolt in China that was led by a peasant army looking for equal wealth distribution. They were eventually stopped.

What was the impact or result of the Boer Wars?

Afrikaners and Africans were forced into refugee and concentration camps. Conditions were terrible and many died.

Explain what happens at the Berlin Conference - who is involved? WHO ISN'T?

All of the European countries came together to split up Africa equally. Africa itself wasn't invited to the conference.

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

An act excluding all Chinese in the USA

What was the result of the Opium Wars? How did this 'reveal the fate of non industrialized nations'?

Britain won, they weren't ready to fight.

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

British imperialist, businessman, mining magnate, and politician in South Africa. He formed De Beers Diamonds.

How did the Cherokee Nation assimilate to white settler culture?

Cherokee believed that if they assimilated to white American culture, then the US government would not interfere in their nation.

How was Brazil impacted by the rubber industry's shift?

Companies fared off better than them.

What was Egypt's cash crop? What did it replace as a chief export?

Cotton / Ivory + Slaves

How did the growth of urban populations impact nations?

Demand for food was met.

What is the difference between emigrate and immigrate?

Emigrate means to leave a country, and immigrate means to enter one.

What was the Scramble for Africa?

European countries competing for territory in Africa

Explain the system of spheres of influence. Who had trading rights? How did this impact China?

Exclusive trading areas; China was never under direct control of one country; Britain, Russia, etc.

Explain the difference between subsistence farming and cash crops. Give examples of each.

For family/For money. Food/Cotton.

Explain the significance of the United Fruit Company in Central America and the Caribbean.

Forced gov. to maintain conditions for the USA

What was economic imperialism - what is exploited?

Foriegn business in charge, people, raw materials, etc.

What is Ghost Dance? How did it impact the Sioux?

Ghost Dance was a cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire them to drive out the whites. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux.

Who was Mohandas Gandhi and how did his experience in Africa impact his work?

He was a lawyer who became an activist after being discriminated against.

Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?

He was responsible for the forced opening of Japan to the West.

Explain the Treaty of Nanking. What does it do and why is no one satisfied?

Illegalized trade and made China make concessions

Overall, who did imperialism benefit specifically (which countries) and who did it hurt?

Imperialism helped the Western Empires but hurt the main natives where they colonized.

Who were people working for a set number of years (usually 4-7 years) before becoming free?

Indentured Servants

What changed and led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or Sepoy Mutiny?

Indians wanted independence and when a new British rifle that used cartridges waterproofed with pork and beef fat was created, the Muslim and Indian sepoys refused to use them.

How did the introduction of railroads impact transportation of raw materials to Europe and markets in colonies?

It lowered the cost and opened the markets.

How did the introduction of railroads impact transportation of raw materials to Europe and markets in colonies?

It made transportation faster and more accessible, bringing in more money for their economies.

Explain how the Dutch East India Company's role changed over time.

It switched from shipping to agricultural

Why did Japan end its isolation in 1853 - what impact did this have on the country?

Japan ended its isolation due to US pressure from naval ships to trade (in order to protect their culture). They were able to industrialize rapidly with the Meiji Restoration and began to look for new territorial gains.

Why was King Leopold's rule of the Congo different or unique compared to other colonies?

King Leopold owned the colony personally instead of the Belgian government.

Who was Tupac Amaru II- what was his role in refusing imperialism?

Led a revolt in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina against Spain that began with killing colonial officials for cruelty.

How did cash crops impact Africa?

Left Africans vulnerable during periods of drought.

What was palm oil used for? Where was it found?

Lubrication of factory machines, West Africa

What is diaspora and what caused it during the 16th-19th centuries?

Mass Emigration, African Slave Trade

What were remittances - how did this impact social norms?

Money sent back home from foiegn jobs. Women had more control over money spending.

Explain how the telegraph impacted communications.

News was able to travel instantly.

Explain what Pan-Africanism was and how it connected to resistance to imperialism.

Pan-Africanism was the unity of all Africans. It made the people not want to be controlled by European imperialism.

What is a settler colony - what were members of the colonial service?

Place for people to live/Managers of Colonies

What were 'ethnic enclaves' and why did immigrants create them?

Places where a bunch of people from the same culture gathered together. Immigrants created this to feel together.

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed foreigners (stopped by British troops)

What was the Great Game - explain Russia's role in it.

Russia continued to push into Central Asia in the 19th century, leading to a rivalry with the British over dominance in Afghanistan. It was unsuccessful.

Explain the difference between subsistence farming and cash crops. Give examples of each.

Subsistence farming is growing enough crops for one's household. Cash crops are crops made in large amounts to be sold for profit, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton.

Explain what led to the Boer War conflict. Why was there tension between these groups?

The British and Dutch competed to get the control of territory in South Africa, which the Afrikaners were opposed to.

Explain the challenges faced by the East India Company in India.

The Dutch were competition

How did the Monroe Doctrine give the US power in the Americas?

The Monroe Doctrine stated that European nations should not intervene in the affairs of the countries in the Western Hemisphere. The US wanted to be able to imperialize the Americas.

Who were the Xhosa people - why did they kill their cattle?

The Xhosa was a group in South Africa. They killed their cattle because they believed it would cause the British to leave their land.

Who were the sepoys? How did they help Britain maintain their ownership of India?

The sepoys were Indian soldiers who rebelled against British power, which led to Britain claiming full ownership of India.

What events led to Chinese migration and why?

There was a big population boost that caused many people to leave.

Why were steamships important in trade?

They could travel long distances.

Why did anti-Chinese groups form in Australia? How did this lead to the White Australia Policy?

They didn't like how the asian race was concentrated in the main cities, so they made the WA Policy to stop this.

Most of the Irish immigrants during the Great Famine came to North America - what were their experiences like?

They faced harsh discrimination.

Why did the British decide to colonize Australia?

They had just lost their American colonies and considered settlements in Australia.

How did industrialization lead to more availability of goods and lower prices?

They had many jobs that could make goods easier to make.

Describe the role of the United States in Latin America - how did they imperialize?

They industrialized Latin America for trade.

Explain how Hawaii is annexed by the USA.

They overthrew the Queen for the sugar crops.

How did Europeans use railroads to justify imperialism? Who did railroads actually help the most?

They said they were providing new technology to the colonies, while they were just using them to transport goods.

Explain how Charles Darwin's idea of selection/fittest species was used to justify imperialism.

They used Social Darwinism to say that they were more evolved so it made sense for them to take control of their lands.

Explain the contextual importance of cotton and opium for Britain.

They were able to monopolize and make a profit.

What were the political reasons leading to Irish migration?

They were facing Religious discrimination.

Why did industrialized economies look to increase exports of their products? What issues did this create?

They were overproducing, so this caused rivalries and imperialism to start.

How did Argentina appeal to Italian immigrants specifically? What was the overall impact?

They were underpopulated and had fertile soil. Italian culture still remains there.

Describe the lingering impact of monoculture on former colonies.

They weren't able to diversify their land.

How did Europeans use railroads to justify imperialism? Who did railroads actually help the most?

To justify: it's economic growth, national rivalry, and a sense of moral superiority Reality: believed expansion would supply them with cheap resources and new trade markets

Where was rubber obtained from? Describe the difficulties with this product/conditions.

Trees which were destroyed in the process.

Migrant laborers tended to be more male than female. How did this impact society at home?

Women tended to have bigger roles at home.