APA Writing Style
why is Scholarly Writing important for nursing students?
- it's an expectation of BSN graduates, expectation of nursing journals which keep nursing community current -requirement for graduate education,
General Formatting Rules
1" margins .5" header 2 spaces after punctuation which ends a sentence Spell and grammar check turned on Double space entire document except tables New Times Roman 12-point font
when do you cite a reference in your text for; one author? two authors? 3-5? 6 or more?
1- always, 2- always, 3-5, first time all and then "et.al", 6 or more, first author and et,all
Rules for clear communication; person and voice
Use the 1st person when talking about self/co-authors, do not use the royal "we", use 3rd person for everything else, don't use the 2nd person. Use your active voice.
Rules of Capitalization APA
all words of four letters or more in titles of books and articles in text. Do not __________names of laws, theories, and hypotheses except for proper nouns.
if it's an internet source, their should be a
an author, and documentation to indicate the original source of the posted material that's on the website
Is why the SON uses APA format
because it provides standard and conformity, contributes to clear communication, and helps students develop the discipline needed for publishing in many professional journals.
Is any information that the average educated reader would accept as reliable without needing to research it.
common knowledge
some rules for quotes within the text of a paper
don't fill up your paper, they can't stand alone; must be tied to your paper with your own words. Must always be referenced with a source and page or paragraph number.
used for relevance/popularity, it's not academic. You should use your judgment to decide what sources are of academic value
How does a student decide what information should be cited?
if the information used is not common knowledge it needs to be cited. GIve credit where credit is due
what are the APA rules for formatting quotations in the text of the paper?
in text quote use double quotes. use single if you're quoting something in a quote. Block quotes (those with 40 or more words) don't use double or single, only use double if needed in the actual quote
explain reference for a book
include publication city written out and the official state; never have page number
.org means
it's a non-profit advocacy group- postings conform to their beliefs
.gov means
it's fairly objective government sponsored research
explain a reference for a journal article that has an author
needs to include DOI; so you don't need the link.
explain a reference for an authored book
only capitalize first would of title and subtitle,
doesn't reflect plagiarism, it just provides instructor with the ability to look at similarities. The percent of your paper found in another source. You shouldn't get a 0% because everyone had the same cover page.
originality report
reference page should have
page number, running head, the word references centered, first line of each one should be flushed
title page should have
page number, running head, title, byline, affiliation, optional; date, course number ,faculty name and credentials
if your source has a person as an author, what should you check? If it's an organization, what should you check?
person- check their credentials; previous work, affiliations organization- check who they are and how often they monitor the website
present information in a concise manner that is acceptable to reader
scholarly writing
.edu means
schools
rules for creating a running head
short version of the full title but it must make sense; PERRLA will help. "Running head: ALL CAPS" - will be on first page. But "ALL CAPS" will be on all the other pages. It can only be 50 characters, edit it on PERRLA or else it won't edit every page
rules for creating a good title
summarizes main idea of paper, is fully explanatory when standing alone, easily shortened to running head, no abbreviations, no more than 12 words, centered on upper half
google is not encouraged in health care because
there is no standardized vocabulary, and it's effected by advertising and previous searches
.com means
they're promoting or selling
Is an online website that can look at a paper before it is turned in and search for plagiarized phrases and/or sentences. It also gives us a tool to find original sources.
turnitin
what are the rules for punctuation within a quote
use a period inside quotes, other punctuation is used only if in the actual quote
when do you use numbers to write out numbers
when the number is; larger than 10, numbers in abstract, with a measurement, representing a math equation, dates, time, scores, explaining a place in a numbered series (row 3)
when do you write out number using words
when the number; is lower than 10, begins a sentence, common fraction, universally accepted language (twelve apostles), approximation of days
Example of a good title
"Effect of Transformed Letters on Reading Speed"
How should a student evaluate resources?
-check if it's credible -see who the author is -see where it was published -primary or secondary source? -fact or opinion? how current is the reference?
Example of a good byline
>Mary S. Haggerty Rochester, New York
SON policy for plagiarism
A student who is determined to have plagiarized is considered in violation of ethical standards deemed essential to the integrity of the School of Nursing. Such violations of ethical conduct are grounds for disciplinary action, which can include dismissal from the program. Faculty reserve the right to request an electronic copy of all written course work or students course assignments completed by students for earning course credit or completed as an agent of or on behalf of LSUHSC SON.
Example of proper paraphrasing APA
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).
Three different ways to cite author's quotes APA
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers? She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
Authored chapter in an edited book
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher. (needs indent)
rules for clear communication; precision and clarity, non-biased language
Avoid wordiness, colloquial expressions, and metaphors. Use simple, descriptive adjectives. Use non-biased language that is specific, has alternatives to "he" and do not use emotional expressions. Don't label patients based on their disability, don't over exaggerate it. Be sensitive to describe patients w sexual orientation or racial and ethnic identities.
describe APA(American Physiological Association) (answer is also why LSUHSC SON uses it)
Because it refers to a writing style that is prescriptive(authoritative) and descriptive, not flowery. It's clean and simple, provides standard and conformity, contributes clear communication
How to cite an Encyclopedia
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica. (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Authored book reference
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10. (needs indent)
How to cite online periodical
Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
How to cite online journal
Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
Authored Journal Article
Brunero, S., Cowan, D., & Fairbrother, G. (2008). Reducing emotional distress in nurses using cognitive behavioral therapy: A preliminary program evaluation. Journal of Nursing Science, 5(2), 109-115. (needs indent
How to cite books
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991)
How to cite article in a magazine
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
Example of first page of text in APA
How To Become A Better Athlete 1 Step 1 The key to achieve this begins with.......
Rules for formatting personal communication in the text
Is cited as personal information in parentheses and not included in final reference list.
what is Plagiarism
Is taking someone else's work and/or ideas and using it as your own.
What Perrla will not do
It will not read a paper so some mistakes can get through
Example of a good affiliation
Mary S. Haggerty >Rochester, New York
Rules for the use of formatting abbreviations in the text
Only use if you need it more than 3 times after the first introduction of the term and those that do not require an explanation according to webster (i.e. NASA).
Is a formatting system that will give you tips to help put the paper in proper APA format.
PERRLA
first page of text should have
Page number - header - 2(flush right), Running head - header - (flush left), Title, centered, uppercase and lower case Text of paper
Example of good running head
Purdue Online Writing Lab Sample Paper 2
Rules of congruence of citations in text and reference list
Reference list and items cited in text of paper must match in number, spelling. Etc. They are also alphabetized by the surname of the first author. Reference page must include; running head, page number, the word references at the top of the page at the 1' margin
Example of good title page
Running Head 1 The Purdue Online Writing Lab: Following the APA Guidelines Purdue Pete English 101 2/24/2016 Professor Jones
Example of reference page
Running Head 9 References Cornett, B. (2009) Reptile knowledge: Reptile conservation and care information.<(italicized) http://www.reptileknowledge.com
How to cite article in a newspaper
Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.
How to cite article from a journal
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.
How should a student begin writing a paper?
They should observe the directions and grading criteria, get an overview, evaluate your references, and, if there are any questions, ask the faculty grading the paper.
Rules for formatting secondary sources
Use sparingly and if primary is not readily available. Use "(as cited in ___)".