apes 10-28 quiz review

Use Figure 18-1. Animals that are threatened or near-threatened are at risk of extinction. The graph for mammals is based on assessments of about 4,600 species. About how many of the assessed mammal species are not at risk of extinction? 3,128 322 1,472 3,634 1,150

3,128

In a major extinction event, what is the minimum percentage of species that goes extinct?

75 percent

Use Figure 18-3. According to the graphs above, which environment has the largest number of exotic species in the Nordic countries?

A. Terrestrial

Use Figure 18-4. The arrows in the line graphs are most likely representative of which of the following?

A. The arrival of zebra mussels

Zoos and aquariums globally serve many purposes. One of these is the captive breeding of highly endangered populations. One successful example of a captive breeding program in the United States would be

A. the California condor.

The IUCN labels species that are at high risk of extinction as

A. threatened.

Which of the following statements about exotic species is true?

B. Exotic species are also called alien species.

Which group of organisms has had the greatest number of extinctions since 1500?

Birds

The greatest threat to the northern spotted owl population is most likely

C. continued logging of old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest.

Many of the hot spots for biodiversity are located in nations that are considered to be

C. developing

The event that is defined by the last member of a species dying is termed

C. extinction.

Evaluating the overall status of different plant and animal groups is difficult mostly because

C. the majority of known species have not been assessed for current population trends.

Which endangered population in the United States has benefitted from a highly successful captive breeding program?

California condor

Which of the following characteristics is most likely to lead to an inbreeding depression?

D. Low genetic diversity

Which of the following species was not likely harmed or driven extinct by overharvesting?

D. Silver carp

Use Figure 18-4. From the information given in the figure, zebra mussels were most likely first introduced in which part of Lake Erie?

D. West

Use Figure 18-3. Which of the following statements about exotic species in the Nordic countries is true?

E. In each environment, the number of exotic species has increased over time.

Which of following groups of organisms represents the largest number of species listed on the Endangered Species Act?

E. Plants

All of the following species have been de-listed or downgraded from endangered to threatened within the framework of the Endangered Species Act EXCEPT

E. the prairie dog

Use Figure 18-2. The area that is most likely to be exposed to human influence would be the

E. transition area

Problems with protecting many small habitats include

I and III

Which factor contributes to species endangerment? I. Habitat destruction II. Exotic species introduction III. Increasing human

I, II and III

Which poses the greatest obstacle to the protection of threatened or endangered species? I. Too much regulation II. Lack of international treaties to protect species III. Poor enforcement of laws

III

Which is NOT true of the Endangered Species Act?

It prohibits the hunting or harvesting of listed species

Why is the exotic plant Kudzu able to grow uncontrollably?

Kudzu has no natural predators in the range it has been introduced

Which has NOT been de-listed or downgraded from endangered to threatened within the framework of the Endangered Species Act?

Northern spotted owl

Which area is most likely to be exposed to human impact?

Transition area

What factor has played the largest role in decreased diversity of domesticated species?

a focus on increased yields

a species that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is

a keystone species

Bees are important to ecosystems and humans because they provide a

a support system through the pollination of food crops.

If you were studying the niche of a bird species, you might investigate -the food it eats. -its predators. -the temperatures it needs to survive. -the places where it builds its nests. -all of the above

all above

after a forested area such as a national forest is clear-cut, what type of succession occurs?

b. secondary succession

which of the following is not likely to characterize pioneer plant species involved in primary succession?

d. slow-growing, long lived perrennial

phenomenon of forgiving the debt of economically underprivileged nations in exchange for preserving habitat for biodiversity is known as

debt for nature

A(n) ______ in species diversity is associated with a(n) ________ in the functions an ecosystem provides.

decline; decline

many of the hot spots for biodiversity are located in nations that are considered to be

developing

An abrupt transition in habitat that brings two communities into contact with each other is

edge habitat

Human-controlled breeding has created homogeneous gene pools in livestock and crop plants, leading to an increased

endangerment of domestic species

Which term does NOT describe a species that is present in an area where it does not normally occur?

endemic

When the last member of a species dies, ________ has occurred.

extinction

the event tht is defined by the last member of a species dying is termed

extinction

an ex) of an endangered species tht has suffered potential inbreeding depression because of pop size would be

florida panther

Climate change poses a threat to niches of living organisms and to their survival. Niche ____________ are more likely to survive changing climate conditions because ______________.

generalists; they have a variety of food sources and acceptable habitats

A larger preserved area of land generally contains ________ biodiversity, and makes species ________ susceptible to extinction. some; more less; greater greater; less less; less greater; greater

greater; less

River barriers such as dams are an example of which of the following factors that can lead to species endangerment

habitat alteration

The most significant cause of species decline and extinction throughout the world is

habitat loss

sixth mass extinction that many ecologists predict we are currently experiencing is diff from previous five mass extinctions in that

humans are present

When non-local species spread rapidly across large areas, they are called

invasive species

Ecologist Paul Ehrlich likened species in a community to rivets holding together an airplane: airplanes can lose some of their rivets with no ill effects, but may suffer catastrophic failures if one too many are lost. We could extend this analogy to state that some rivets are so crucial that they must be retained for the integrity of the airplane. These "crucial" rivets represent

keystone speices

Which could be a non-anthropogenic reason for a decline in the number of wild species?

loss of genetic diversity

which of the following characteristics is most likely to lead to an inbreeding depression

low genetic diversity

the term symbiosis includes which of the following relationships between organisms of two different species

mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

Earthworms live in many grass and forest ecosystems, and aerate soil as they burrow. They ingest organic matter and travel between soil horizons. These traits, taken collectively, refer to the __________ of the earthworm.

niche

A koala's diet is mainly composed of eucalyptus leaves. Although eucalyptus leaves are low in nutritional value and poisonous to many animals, koalas inhabit eucalyptus woodlands and generally sleep on the trees themselves. In this example the koala is most likely

niche specialist

Which endangered species is associated with logging of old growth forests in the Pacific Northwest?

northern spotted owl

which of the following is an endangered species associated with logging of old growth forests in the pacific northwestern US

northern spotted owl

When interspecific competition occurs between two specific species with the same realized niche

one species will perform better and drive the other to extinction

Tapeworms in the human gut are an example

parasites

Which North American species was driven to extinction by overharvesting?

passenger pigeon

Several species of harmless kingsnakes mimic the color patterns of venomous coral snakes. If avoidance of toxic snakes is based solely on prior predator experience, what would happen if kingsnakes appeared in areas where coral snakes were never present?

predators would attack and eat kingsnakes

On the slopes of the Appalachian Mountains, ecologists have studied some closely related salamander species for decades. When these salamander species live in separate valleys they tend to very similar food size choices. When these species co-exist in a mountain valley, their food choices tend to differ, with some species selecting small insects and others selecting larger insects. This may be an example of

resource partitioning

In 1975, the American crocodile was put on the endangered species list after the population of the species dwindled below 300. However, by the mid-2000s, the population rebounded to over 2,000. As a result,

the American crocodile was removed from the endangered species list.

Which organization keeps the "Red List" of worldwide threatened species?

the international union for conservation of nature (IUCN)

If you were studying the niche of a bird species, you might investigate

the temperature it needs to survive, the food it eats, the place where it builds it nests, and its predators

example of an alien species that was introduced by ballast water in ocean freighters

zebra mussels