social psychology

_____ is an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.

Prejudice

Carl thinks that his new neighbor is mean and snobbish. This _____ will likely influence Carl to act negatively toward his neighbor.

attitude

Joanna disagrees with her classmates on an issue. During a class discussion of the issue, Joanna is MOST likely to conform to her classmates' opinion if she:

believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position.

Jayden's father yells at someone for being 5 minutes late for tee time. Rather than believe his father is a rude jerk, Jayden decides that he may be having difficulties at his job thus his behavior is the result of _____ factors.

situational

This afternoon, Mary's boss wants to meet with her. She is sure it is about the customers who complained about her yesterday. The best-case scenario would be for Mary's boss to decide that her behavior was the result of:

situational influences.

After a light turns green, drivers take about 15 percent less time to travel the first 100 yards when another car is beside them at the intersection than when they are alone. This best illustrates _____.

social facilitation

Blindfolded people were observed to clap louder when they thought they were clapping alone than when they thought they were clapping with others. This best illustrates _____.

social loafing

A person in a group tends to exert MORE effort when he is individually accountable than when he is working with others toward a common goal. This is known as:

social loafing.

Marcus believes that most young women from Florida are extremely good looking and that extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of a ______.

stereotype

Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in:`

discrimination.

Kathleen is well liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Kathleen's behavior would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of _____.

empathy

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as the _____ phenomenon.

foot-in-the-door

The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Milgram experiments best illustrate one of the potential dangers of the ___

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Early one Halloween evening, Bart's friends asked him to join them in smashing their neighbors' decorative pumpkins. He complied. Later, he was surprised by his own failure to resist them when they asked him to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience BEST illustrates the:

foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Tamera has a strong desire to join a certain sorority. She is very attracted to the housing and admires the sorority members. During rush she is asked to perform some actions which violate her religious beliefs but decides to go along with the requests despite her reservations. Tamera's decision to perform these actions best illustrates _____.

conformity

Amir is driving to campus one day when another car cuts him off and speeds ahead. Immediately he yells out "Crazy driver!" not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Amir's judgment best illustrates the _____.

fundamental attribution error

Louis is an expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on his choice of scales. Louis decides to change his opinion for the good of the group. This BEST illustrates:

groupthink.

In Asch conformity experiments, researchers find that conformity to the group _____ when the group is unanimous.

increases

Reversing the perspectives of actor and observer reduces _____ among observers.

the fundamental attribution error

The fundamental attribution error involves:

underestimating situational influences on another's behavior.

Dr. Cheng studies social influence at a university in China. He is concerned because he is finding that rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher, who does his research in the United States. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference?

Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that prizes collectivism, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.

Experiments by _____ on obedience at Yale University are some of the most famous, and involved deception.

Milgram

We are MORE likely to make the fundamental attribution error if:

we are not familiar with the person we are observing.