APES Chapter 5 Content Review

What percentage of all wetlands has been lost to human disturbance? A. 50% B. 25% C. 75% D. 90%

A. 50%

In the graph of precipitation and temperature, desert biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter: A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

A. A

The difference between a wetland and a swamp is that ________. A. A swamp has trees and a wetland does not. B. Swamps are always covered in water and wetlands have seasonally high water levels. C. Wetlands are covered in water according to the tide. D. Wetlands only occur at coastal areas.

A. A swamp has trees and a wetland does not.

In what continent would you find a polar desert? A. Antarctica B. Africa C. Australia D. South America

A. Antarctica

If an organism is described as 'benthic," where does it reside? A. At the bottom of the ocean or a lake B. At the bottom of the ocean only C. At the bottom of a lake only D. In a cave

A. At the bottom of the ocean or a lake

Why are the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Antarctic waters the most productive? A. Cold water holds the most dissolved oxygen and can therefore support greater numbers of phytoplankton. B. The melt waters of the nearby ice have nutrients that are released in high quantities, fertilizing the phytoplankton. C. Those waters are the most violently mixed, bringing up nutrients from the depths of the ocean. D. Phytoplankton grow there because they do not like direct sunlight.

A. Cold water holds the most dissolved oxygen and can therefore support greater numbers of phytoplankton.

What marine ecosystem is most similar to a tropical rainforest in terms of diversity? A. Coral reef B. Estuary C. Littoral zone D. Pelagic zone

A. Coral reef

Which of the following is NOT a region in a lake ecosystem? A. Pelagic zone B. Epilimnion C. Hypolimnion zone D. Littoral zone

A. Pelagic zone

_________ is the basis of marine food webs. A. Phytoplankton B. Minnows C. Sea grass D. Coral

A. Phytoplankton

Having needle-shaped leaves benefits plants because needles A. Reduce water loss and endure cold winters B. Are more efficient at photosynthesis because they are dark green C. Help evaporate water more efficiently D. Do not rot in the excessive rainfall that characterizes coniferous forests E. Are less resistant to strong winds

A. Reduce water loss and endure cold winters

Morpheus, Trinity, and Neo are on the wet western coast of North America and as they look around, they see lots of mosses, lichens, and ferns covering the tree branches. Condensation from fog on the leaves is a major form of precipitation. Where are they? A. Temperate rainforest B. Boreal forest C. Tropical rainforest D. Southern pine forest E. Tropical savannah

A. Temperate rainforest

Barrier islands are formed of A. Wind- and wave-deposited sand B. Volcanic debris C. Silt and mud left by estuaries D. Coral deposits E. Coral reef formations

A. Wind- and wave-deposited sand

Grasslands typically lack trees because seedlings have difficulty surviving the A. frequent occurrence of fire. B. high temperatures. C. changing soils. D. temperate environment.

A. frequent occurrence of fire.

Coral bleaching occurs when ___________. A. ocean temperatures are too warm. B. when ocean temperatures are too cool. C. when too much sunlight is shining on the coral. D. during low tide when coral is exposed to the air.

A. ocean temperatures are too warm.

Wetlands are biomes that A. Are wet all year round B. Are wet at least some of the year C. Have fresh, not salty, water D. Receive more rainfall than other ecosystems E. Have salty, not fresh, water

B. Are wet at least some of the year

Mangrove trees are found along ________________ shorelines. A. Tropical freshwater B. Tropical saltwater C. Temperate freshwater D. Temperate saltwater E. Tropical and temperate saltwater

B. Tropical saltwater

What aquatic ecosystem phenomenon is illustrated in the diagram? A. Nutrient inputs from upstream and uphill B. Vertical stratification C. Nutrient cycling D. Internal convective currents E. Horizontal stratification

B. Vertical stratification

Tropical seasonal forests are specially adapted to tolerate A. Annual cycles of extreme heat and extreme cold B. Years of drought followed by years of rain C. Annual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain D. Extreme drought and cold at the same time E. Extreme heat

C. Annual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain

Neo and Trinity are in a biome that has relatively stable temperatures and abundant rainfall. They have a graph of precipitation and temperature similar to the one shown. Which letter marks the biome they are located in? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

C. C

Deciduous forests A. Are adapted to extremely cold climates B. Have trees that bear seeds in cones C. Have trees that shed their leaves seasonally D. Are not useful commercially

C. Have trees that shed their leaves seasonally

Freshwater ecosystems A. Lack oxygen B. Lack carbon dioxide C. Include lakes, marshes, bogs, and fens D. Do not contain thermoclines E. Are not affected by nutrient availability

C. Include lakes, marshes, bogs, and fens

Deserts are characterized by A. An absence of vegetation B. Sand dunes, which cause plants to grow only with difficulty C. Low levels of measurable precipitation D. Their location at 30° latitude E. Sand or gravel

C. Low levels of measurable precipitation

Location of specific biomes can be predicted based on: A. The coriolis effect B. The second law of thermodynamics C. Precipitation and temperature D. Seasonal variations in sunspots E. Large landforms in the area

C. Precipitation and temperature

The biome type that has lost the greatest percentage of its original area due to human activities is the A. Temperate conifer forest B. Tropical rainforest C. Temperate deciduous forest D. Temperate grassland E. Tropical grassland

C. Temperate deciduous forest

The thermocline is the layer in a lake at which A. Pollutants are trapped and held B. Seasonal lake mixing occurs C. The warm upper zone meets the cold lower zone D. Nutrient levels are the lowest E. Light no longer penetrates enough for photosynthesis to occur

C. The warm upper zone meets the cold lower zone

Coral reefs form in A. Deep, warm tropical seas B. Cold polar seas C. Warm, clear tropical seas D. Deep, cold oceans off continental shelves E. Nutrient-rich coastal areas

C. Warm, clear tropical seas

Estuaries are characterized as being A. low in productivity. B. completely freshwater. C. important nurseries for many fish and other animal species. D. no longer important for fisheries.

C. important nurseries for many fish and other animal species.

The most important factor in determining the type of biome to develop in a given area of those listed is A. soil type. B. amount of sunlight. C. precipitation. D. glaciation patterns.

C. precipitation.

The category of wetland that always contains trees is the A. marsh. B. bog. C. swamp. D. fen.

C. swamp.

Which of the following is an example of a specialization that plants in the desert may have? A. Storing water in stems or roots B. Reducing water loss with thick epidermal layers C. Salt tolerance D. All of these are adaptations of plants living in desert conditions

D. All of these are adaptations of plants living in desert conditions

Many people in the United States take trips in the spring to see annual flowers that grow and flower before they are shaded by canopy. Where are these people going? A. Deserts after winter rain showers B. Prairies or grasslands C. Tropical rainforests D. Temperate deciduous forests E. Boreal forests

D. Temperate deciduous forests

A biome absent from Europe is the: A. Temperate deciduous forest B. Alpine tundra C. Desert D. Tropical rainforest E. Temperate rainforest

D. Tropical rainforest

In the graph of precipitation and temperature, the area marked A has a: A. Wide precipitation range and narrow temperature range B. Narrow precipitation and temperature range C. Wide precipitation and temperature range D. Wide temperature range and narrow precipitation range E. Varying temperature and narrow precipitation range

D. Wide temperature range and narrow precipitation range

Soils in tropical rainforests are A. thin. B. nutrient poor. C. nutrient rich. D. thin and nutrient poor. E. thin and nutrient rich.

D. thin and nutrient poor.

What environmental factor does not change between "b" and "e" in the diagram? A. Light penetration B. Temperature C. Nutrient availability D. Oxygen content E. All of these change between "b" and "e."

E. All of these change between "b" and "e."

Tundra biomes occur A. At high latitudes, where temperatures are low B. Where rainfall is too great for tree growth C. Only at high latitudes D. Almost exclusively on Antarctica E. At high latitudes and altitudes, where the growing season is short

E. At high latitudes and altitudes, where the growing season is short

_____________ is where fresh water mixes with ocean water. A. An estuary B. A mangrove forest C. A swamp D. A delta

A. An estuary

Chaparral is A. a type of drought-adapted shrub-land. B. found only in the tropics. C. characterized by moderate rain and snow. D. characterized by a dry season that corresponds with cool temperatures.

A. a type of drought-adapted shrub-land.

Vertical zonation shows that not only do different biomes occur at different latitudes, but also at different ______________. A. altitudes B. longitudes C. seasons D. right ascensions and declinations

A. altitudes

The boreal forest is A. dominated by coniferous trees. B. located where soils are typically dry. C. found in warm but not hot areas. D. characterized by tolerating a wide variety of temperatures and precipitation.

A. dominated by coniferous trees.

The deciduous forest with the highest present-day deforestation rate is located in A. eastern Siberia. B. the northern United States. C. western Europe. D. southern China.

A. eastern Siberia.

Biomes exhibit __________ patterns in habitat characteristics. A. latitudinal B. longitudinal C. seasonal

A. latitudinal

Which type of wetland is noted for producing peat? A. Swamps B. Marshes C. Bogs and fens D. Estuaries E. Coastal areas

C. Bogs and fens

Vertical zonation refers to A. the height of the forest canopy. B. the longitude of a given biome. C. vegetation zones defined by elevation. D. the latitude of a given biome.

C. vegetation zones defined by elevation.

You are in an area that is relatively hot. You bend down and notice that there are tracks in the soil that are very old. Since you know that this area is easily destroyed by human activity and the harsh climate slows recovery from human damage, you conclude that this biome is A. A tropical dry forest B. A desert C. Tundra D. A grassland E. A wetland

B. A desert

In the graph of precipitation and temperature, temperate forest biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter: A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

B. B

Which of the following protects mainland shores from the force of waves? A. Wetlands B. Barrier islands C. Coral islands D. Estuaries E. Volcanic islands

B. Barrier islands

Trinity and Neo are in an area that has many lakes and bogs. The majority of the trees are coniferous. As they look around, they also see deciduous trees, including birches, aspens, and maples. What type of forest are they in? A. Temperate rainforest B. Boreal forest C. Tropical rainforest D. Southern pine forest E. Coastal forest

B. Boreal forest

A biome is described by: A. A specified bioregion B. Broadly similar environmental conditions C. A watershed divide, generally D. Geographic location E. Large landforms in the area

B. Broadly similar environmental conditions

The word "conifer" distinguishes plants that are A. Needle-bearing B. Cone-bearing C. Evergreen D. Cone-shaped E. Found in northern latitudes

B. Cone-bearing

Cloud forests are found in the ________ areas in tropical regions. A. Hot coastal B. Cool mountainous C. Cool plains D. Low elevation E. Valley

B. Cool mountainous

In the graph of precipitation and temperature, the area marked D has a A. Wide precipitation range and narrow temperature range B. Narrow precipitation and temperature range C. Wide precipitation and temperature range D. Wide temperature range and narrow precipitation range E. None of the choices is correct

B. Narrow precipitation and temperature range

In contrast with the ______________, the soil of the ______________ is more nutrient-rich and this type of biome has fewer insects, parasites, and fungal diseases. Therefore, in many places, these areas are highly endangered. A. Temperate grasslands; tropical seasonal forest B. Tropical rainforest; tropical seasonal forest C. Grasslands; boreal forests D. Tropical seasonal forest; tropical rainforest E. Boreal forests; tundra

B. Tropical rainforest; tropical seasonal forest

Rainforests A. are only found in the tropical latitudes. B. can be either temperate or tropical.

B. can be either temperate or tropical.

The biome type that has a short growing season and is summer feeding and breeding grounds for caribou and musk-ox is the A. Temperate grassland B. Bog or fen C. Boreal forest D. Arctic tundra E. Arctic desert

D. Arctic tundra

Humid tropical forests have extraordinary biological diversity A. Because of the very fertile tropical soils B. Because rainfall dissolves soil nutrients and makes them available to plants C. Despite a complete absence of nutrients in the environment D. Despite the poor, weathered soils

D. Despite the poor, weathered soils

Neo finds himself sweating in a moist forest but there aren't many streams or wetlands. He is amazed by the tremendous amount of biodiversity including an abundance of biting mosquitoes. Has he inadvertently gotten closer to his goal of finding a boreal forest? A. Yes B. No, the description is that of a tropical seasonal forest C. No, the description is that of a temperate deciduous forest D. No, the description is that of a tropical rainforest E. No, the description is that of a temperate rainforest

D. No, the description is that of a tropical rainforest

Boreal forests are generally A. Cold and dry, with extensive barren areas B. Warm and humid, with large rivers C. Dry because water is frozen most of the year D. Slow-growing because of the cold temperatures E. Soggy in the summer because of permafrost

D. Slow-growing because of the cold temperatures

Morpheus has been led into a wilderness environment and left to fend for himself for the summer. Luckily, he has a good coat because it looks like there may be a frost during the night and the mosquitoes are everywhere. As he looks around, he is relieved because he recognizes some of the plants. There are some mosses, lichens, small shrubs, sedges, and grasses. Which biome is he in? A. Tropical rainforest B. Wetland C. Temperate rainforest D. Tundra E. Coastal area

D. Tundra

Conifers are associated with all but A. boreal forest. B. temperate rain forest. C. taiga. D. tundra.

D. tundra.

Oxygen levels are lowest in what section in the diagram? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

E. E

Tree growth in the taiga is limited by A. The increased soil salt content from ocean tides B. Intense heat and dryness C. Competition from fast-growing grasses D. The lack of large predators E. Extreme cold and short summers

E. Extreme cold and short summers

What is unique about the Mediterranean climate area biome? A. It is a highly desirable place to live B. It is only found in the Mediterranean area C. It has very poor soil but supports an extremely diverse array of species D. It has a large total area E. It contains a high number of unique species

E. It contains a high number of unique species

Temperate grasslands are A. characterized by very rich soils. B. often converted to farmland. C. generally a mixture of grasses and forbs. D. characterized by very rich soils and often converted to farmland. E. characterized by very rich soils, often converted to farmland, and generally a mixture of grasses and forbs.

E. characterized by very rich soils, often converted to farmland, and generally a mixture of grasses and forbs.

Wetlands are important to conservation efforts because A. they support rich biodiversity. B. they retain storm water. C. they are essential to bird diversity. D. they support rich biodiversity and retain storm water. E. they support rich biodiversity, retain storm water, and are essential to bird diversity.

E. they support rich biodiversity, retain storm water, and are essential to bird diversity.