APES U3

This element in pyrite contributes to acid mine drainage.

Sulfur

Global Warming Occurs here

troposphere

How many units of energy are absorbed by Earth's surface?

120

At which of the following sites does seafloor spreading result in rifts and possible volcanoes ?

A

Below is a model of a typical undisturbed soil profile . It has had sufficient time to develop well - defined soil horizons .

A

If Earth had no atmosphere, the mean surface temperature would be approximately -15°C. With our present atmosphere, Earth's mean surface temperature is approximately +15°C. Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference?

Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases

Which of the following best describes a transform boundary?

An area where two tectonic plates slide past one another

At which of the following sites would activity result in volcanoes , island arcs , and mountains ?

B

In the diagram above, which region is where the temperature increases as a result of the absorption of UV-B rays by ozone.

B

Which is a layer of topsoil, characterized by a mix of decomposed organic material and mineral material?

B

Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

B&B

At which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other ?

C

At which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other?

C. C Plate 3

) Which of the following shows the approximate concentration of CO₂ , N2 , and O2 in dry air ?

CO2 less than 1% Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21%

A community located downwind from a coal-fired power plant has seen a recent increase in the number of dead and dying trees. A soil scientist measured values for the following parameters before and after the trees died off. Which of the following soil data should be used to determine if the coal-fired power plant emissions were the cause of the damage to the trees?

Calcium and aluminum levels

In addition to direct measurements , relative sea surface temperatures can be inferred with radar measurements from satellites . Cold sea surface water will be further away from the satellite than warm sea surface water . Explain why this occurs .

Cold water sinks because it is more dense , so it will be further away from the satellite .

In the diagram above, at this site a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, which occurred at a nearby subduction zone, triggered one of the largest nuclear reactor disasters in history

D

Which of the following is a biome found at 30 ° N and 30 ° S as seen in the diagram ?

Deserts

) Describe how the results of the study would differ in total rainfall over a six - month period in the southeastern United States if the data were collected during a La Niña year rather than an El Niño year

During La Nina , normal conditions are just intensified . Southeast US tends to be a drier and warmer climate , so rainfall would decrease since La Nina would make the south even drier and warmer

( i ) Explain how a change in the atmosphere that results from El Niño conditions represented in the model would affect Australia

El Niño creates dry conditions in Australia , which means that the continent is now more prone to droughts and fires . Lessened accessibility to water sources means that the plants and animal life may decrease as water becomes scarce

Energy from the Sun drives the Earth's climate and weather . The most intense solar radiation arrives at the equator . Solar radiation leads to the greenhouse effect , which is essential for life on Earth ( a ) There is evidence that global climate change over the past 100 years has led to an increased warming of Earth because of the greenhouse effect . Describe how the solar radiation that arrives at the equator is redistributed around the Earth through atmospheric circulation

Energy from the sun heats up the earth and warms the atmosphere . Heat can then be redistributed by convection currents , which form as a result of unequal heating . Unequal heating also abers redistribute the heat

El Niño and La Niña are natural phenomena associated with changing water temperatures in the Pacific Ocean . The occurrence of these events can result in changes in global weather and ocean circulation patterns

Fewer hurricanes forming in the Central Atlantic basin .

The most abundant nonanthropogenic (not caused by or contributed to by humans) greenhouse gas?

H2O

( ) Identify one human activity that could directly contribute to global climate change

Humans burn large quantities of fossil fuels , which expels lots of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 002 is a greenhouse gas , so it traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to global warming

Describe one environmental effect resulting from the conditions represented in the model that could have a negative effect on humans in western South America .

Humans in westem South America experience warm and wet conditions . This means that there is a higher risk of flooding landslides , which decimate residential areas and can take many lives .

Niño and La Niña are natural phenomena associated with changing water temperatures in the Pacific Ocean . The occurrence of these events can result in changes in global weather and ocean circulation patterns .

Increased phytoplankton concentrations

Which of the following correctly characterizes one of Earth's atmospheric layers ?

Layer D is the thermosphere where auroras are found .

Which of the following best explains why the shaded area receives more snowfall than the other parts of New York , Pennsylvania , and Ohio ?

Moisture picked up from the warmer water in the Great Lakes is deposited as snow downwind .

Which of the following is the source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C in the diagram ?

Solar radiation

Corn is a crop that grows best in soil that drains well. Which of the following soils is best suited to grow corn?

Sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay.

Based on the diagram, which of the following changes are most likely to occur in the central and eastern tropical Pacific during El Niño?

The Peruvian current weakens, leading to warmer-than-average sea-surface temperatures.

If the diagram illustrates Earth's relative position on December 21 of a given year, which of the following statements would be correct?

The Tropic of Cancer has a shorter day and lower solar radiation intensity because there is a direct relationship between length of day and radiation intensity

( ) Describe a change in ocean circulation that results from an El Niño event that is represented in the model .

The currents reverse so that instead of the warm water circulating towards Australia , it now circulates towards South America . This means that the upwelling now occurs near Australia , not South America .

Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage?

The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines

Which of the following causes the air to rise high into the atmosphere in the areas labeled A, B, and C on the diagram above?

Warm, moist air that is less dense than the surrounding air.

Based on the diagram , which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratopause and the tropopause ?

The ozone layer is in the stratosphere .

Which of the following best explains why City B regularly receives less precipitation than City A ?

The rain shadow effect causes City B to be drier because the mountain blocks precipitation from reaching the city .

In the desert regions of the southwestern United States , daily high and low temperatures will frequently fluctuate by 40 ° F ( 33 ° C ) or more . Which statement below best explains the large variation in temperature

There are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air

Based on the data in the diagrams , in which layer of the atmosphere would short wave radio signals be reflected ?

Thermosphere

Which correctly describes why a tsunami occurs ?

Underwater earthquakes

Which of the following agricultural practices would most likely lead to improved water quality in nearby streams and rivers?

Using crop rotation in fields

Which of the following causes the air to rise high into the atmosphere in the areas labeled A , B , and C on the diagram ?

Warm , moist air that is less dense than the surrounding air

In the diagram above, Calgary in Canada and London in the United Kingdom are at nearly the same latitude. Rabat in Morocco and Suwanee, GA in the United States are as well. Neither pair shares the same biome - Calgary is considerably colder and drier than London in the winter, and Rabat is considerably warmer and drier than Suwanee in the summer. Which explanation likely accounts for the difference?

Warm ocean currents bring heat and moisture to London and Suwanee

Which of the following is the most likely effect of a strong El Niño event on the weather patterns in the United States ?

Wetter weather and cooler than average temperatures in the southeastern states and warmer temperatures in the Pacific Northwest

Which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion?

a release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere

a dependent variable in the study .

amount of rainfall

( 0 ) Describe how the activity identified in part ( a ) ( 4 ) could affect the relative abundance of the major greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

burning fossil fuels releases large quantities of carbon dioxide , which is a greenhouse gas , so there are increased amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphene

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is the

constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun

if you are a farmer, what type of soil would you choose for your crops

loam

During an ENSO event that is in the La Nina state, which of the following best describes the conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean? SST is Sea Surface Temperature.

low SST low rainfall

Which of the following properties of a soil sample most influences the flow of water through the sample?

permeability

Based on the soil texture triangle above, which of the following would describe soil that was 25% clay, 25% silt, and 50% sand?

sandy clay loam

Environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because

the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbance that would accompany development

identify the control group in the study .

the effects and intensity of el nino