APES unit 2 Biodiversity

optimal range

the range of environmental factors to which an organism is best adapted

richness

total of different species found in an ecosystem

inbreeding depression

when organisms mate with closely related "family: members

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?

An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland

ecosystem diversity

# of different habitats available

species diversity

# of different species in an ecosystem

Based on the information above, which ecosystem would most likely recover the fastest from a natural disruption?

Ecosystem B

Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?

The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification

bottleneck event

a type of genetic drift: sudden decrease in the gene pool due to a short lived event (ex. over hunting, disease, storm event)

ecosystem resilience

an ecosystem's ability to recover from disturbance

evenness

how individuals are distributed among species

episodic

irregular frequency hurricanes, droughts, fires

Which of the following best describes the pattern in the atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration data over the past 200,000200,000 years?

The concentration of CO2CO2 fluctuated between 150ppm150ppm and 250ppm250ppm until recently, when the concentration rose exponentially.

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem that provides ecosystem services including protection from hurricane storm surges?

An intact coastal wetland

Which of the following ecosystem services are categorized as regulating?

Pollination, decomposition, and water purification

provisioning

products obtained from ecosystems food, water, shelter, medicine, energy

periodic

regular seasons dry/wet seasons

regulating

regulate climate / air quality / reducing storm damage / reduce healthcare cost

fewer away from the mainland

= fewer species

the larger the island

= greater ecosystem diversity

greater ecosystem diversity

= more food and habitat resources

An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect if an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?

As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease.

Which of the following best describes the change in Antarctic temperature from about 440,000440,000 years ago to about 340,000340,000 years ago?

C The temperature increases by about 12°C12°C and then decreases by about 12°C12°⁢C.

Which of the following best describes the trends in atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature over the past 800,000800,000 years?

Atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature are directly correlated over the past 800,000800,000 years.

Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?

Ecosystem A, because its low genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in the gene pool.

Based on the information above, which of the following best describes Ecosystem C?

Its low habitat diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has a low number of specialist species and few species that utilize large territories.

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best describes the change in the population of moths as a result of industrialization?

The percentage of dark colored moths increased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths decreased in the population.

Islands closer to mainland

easier to colonize organisms more genetic diversity

cultural

money generated from recreation parks, campgrounds, tours

random

no regular frequency volcanos, earthquakes, asteroids

supporting

support processes we do ourselves making them cheaper and easier photosynthesis - plants grow - provides habitat and food