APES Unit 4 Study Guide

Which soil horizon is considered the most fertile due to the amount of organic matter it contains?

Horizon O

The correct order for a soil profile from top to bottom is

Horizon O, A, B, C

The vast majority of ozone (O3) is found in a thin layer due to a lack of circulation in which of the following atmospheric layers?

Stratosphere

Which of the following is/are properties that determine soil type?

parent material, climate, and topography

The Mississippi watershed is the largest in North America. draining all or part of thirty-two states in the United States and two Canadian provinces. A new apartment complex is being built on a steep slope near the source of the Mississippi River outside of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Which of the following measures should be taken to best reduce erosion at the construction site to protect the Mississippi watershed?

plant grass and shrubs on the slope.

A developer wants to develop a large tract of land ear a watershed, which will require the removal of several large trees. Which of the following statements best describes the impact that the developement would have on the watershed?

removing large trees would cause an increase in temperature and keep the surrounding water and soil warmer.

Albedo refers to the amount of _______ that a surface reflects.

sunlight

Which layer of the atmosphere is the hottest?

thermosphere

Which of the following layers of the atmosphere contains charged gas molecules that glow and produce light when hit by solar energy, leading to glowing gases such as the northern lights, found over 90 kilometers above the earth's surface?

thermosphere

During El Niño the Pacific Ocean is usually ______ and the trade winds are usually _____.

warmer, weaker

During an El Niño event, farmers in the southwest United Stated often benefit from which of the following climatic change?

wetter and warmer weather that increased soil moisture.

What is the order of the wind cells moving from the North Pole to the equator?

Polar, Ferrell, Hadley

Which layer of the atmosphere is the most dense?

Troposphere

Which of the following would be most helpful to determine the soil texture of a sample?

a density gradient tube and a soil triangle.

What is the order of particle size from smallest to largest?

clay, silt, sand

During La Ninã the Pacific Ocean is usually ________ and the trade winds are ______.

colder, stronger

During a La Niña event, what environmental changes would the tropical Pacific Ocean and its surrounding landmasses most likely experience?

increased upwelling off the coast of South America resulting in increased productivity of fisheries

Peru's commercial anchovy industry would most likely be harmed during an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the decline in anchovy during an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event?

less nutrient-rich water reachers surface waters, disrupting the food chain.

The majority of the atmosphere is composed of

nitrogen