APES - Unit 8 - AP Test

promoting the use of reusable containers for consumer goods

Of the following strategies to decrease the landfill volume of packaging material from food and other consumer products, the most energy efficient is

Decreased oxygen levels because warm water holds less dissolved gas than cold water does

Which of the following is the most likely impact of thermal pollution from power plants on a river ecosystem?

Endocrine disruptors

Which of the following pollutants would most likely be responsible for gender imbalance in a population of frogs in which all observed frogs are female

The algal bloom prevented sunlight from reaching the bottom-dwelling plants, which reduced the rates of photosynthesis.

which of the following processes most likely caused the bottom-dwelling plants in the lake to die?

C

At what step in the diagram would the last solid waste be removed from the wastewater in the treatment plant? This secondary step in the treatment process includes screening and removes all remaining solids through sedimentation. This step also removes dissolved and suspended organic solids through biological processes.

During step D

At what step in the diagram would wastewater most likely be treated with chlorine or UV light to remove bacteria? Correct. Chlorine or UVUV light is used during tertiary treatment, or the final step, to kill a variety of pathogens. In order for this disinfection step to be effective, the wastewater must first have all solid wastes adequately removed.

Sludge treatment tanks

Based on the diagram, organic solids that have settled to the bottom of the treatment tanks in step B are transferred to which of the following for further processing?

Grit chamber

Based on the diagram, which of the following is associated with the primary treatment of sewage?

The sound has large numbers of phytoplankton blooms that are decomposing and consumed by respiring bacteria.

Based on the image, which of the following conclusions can best be drawn to describe the conditions in the Long Island Sound?

asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of

POPsPOPs are released in to the air, water, and land, which allows them to be transported and incorporated in multiple ways.

Which characteristic of POPs accounts for their presence in living tissues and in environmental samples?

Construct wetland areas near the rivers and streams.

Which of the following approaches would best decrease the impact of frequent flooding in a community that is subject to the hazard of flooding?

Warm water discharged into rivers and streams decreases the oxygen content of the water, which reduces the number of fish species.

Which of the following best describes how thermal pollution from power plants can affect aquatic ecosystems?

Endocrine disruptors mimic naturally occurring hormones in animals, leading to developmental disorders.

Which of the following best describes the action of endocrine disruptors in organisms?

DDTDDT and other pesticides that are sprayed to control for mosquitoes

Which of the following best describes the source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that could accumulate in the tissues of a top predator?

They do not break down easily and can accumulate in the fat tissue of an organism.

Which of the following best describes why persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic to organisms?

The warm water decreased the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, which led to an increase in the respiration rate of the aquatic organisms.

Which of the following best explains why the die-off event occurred in the lake following the increased water temperature?

Phthalates in cosmetics and shampoos reduce fertility.

Which of the following correctly identifies an example of an endocrine disruptor and the effect it might have on the human body?

Urban runoff is considered a nonpoint source of pollution as it occurs as water runs across land or through the ground and picks up various pollutants. Exhaust from a city bus is considered to be point source of pollution as it is coming from an identifiable source (the tailpipe).

Which of the following correctly identifies both a nonpoint source and a point source of pollution?

Turbidity

Which of the following is a measure of the amount of suspended material in water?

Occurrences of emergency room visits by individuals with cardiovascular disease on days with a high air quality index value

Which of the following measures would best show a link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease?

The Clean Water Act requires wetlands to be constructed to mitigate the effect of newly drained wetlands

Which of the following statements best describes how the Clean Water Act legislation aims to protect wetlands from being lost?

Limiting coastal development and maintain a shoreline buffer zone

Which of the following strategies will best help to protect mangrove habitats?

Runoff from the waste lagoons of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, which enters local waterways after a flooding event

Which of the following would best be described as a point source of pollution from a farm?