Aphl Tsunami quiz

Powerful tsunami are most frequently produced by _________.

Earthquakes

True or False country with the most detailed history of killer waves is China (pg 209)

False

Which event produces the biggest tsunami?

Impacts of asteroids and comets

Most of the 245,000 deaths from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in _______. (pg 215)

Indonesia

The great 1700 earthquake along the British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon coastline sent killer tsunami to ___________.

Japan

The great 1960 Chile earthquake (M 9.5) unleashed a tsunami that killed over 1,000 Chileans. These waves also killed 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii, 14 hours after the earthquake, and another 185 people in ________, 22.5 hours after the earthquake.

Japan

The largest historic tsunami wave run-up ever recorded was caused by a massive rockfall into the water at ________________.

Lituya Bay, Alaska

A tsunamic event can begin with a drawdown or retreat if the ____________________ of the wave arrives first.

Trough

True or False Most waves are created by frictional drag of wind blowing across the water surface

True

True or False earthquakes not only generated tsunami directly, but their energy can trigger the movement of large masses of rock or sand whose kinetic energy causes tsunami.

True

True or False tsunamis most commonly created during earthquakes, more specifically subsea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the seafloor that disturb the deep ocean water mass

True

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake along __________ off the shore of Sumatra. (pg 215)

a subduction zone

In 1959, the water stored behind Hegben Lake Dam in Montana began to slosh violently back and forth in a series of oscillating waves. These seiches were caused by __________________.

a sudden drop of the lake bottom during an earthquake

The deadly 1992 tsunami in Papua New Guinea was caused by ________.

an undersea landslide triggered by an earthquake

Fault movement of the seafloor that generate large earthquakes may also cause powerful tsunami

earthquake caused tsunami

causes of tsunamis

earthquake, volcanoes, landslide, seiches

What are the causes of tsunami?

earthquake, volcanoes, mass movements, impacts and impacts, largest by rarest events impacts of high-velocity asteroids and comets

Tsunami are deadly natural hazards that commonly are generated by _________________.

fault motion with vertical offset under the sea (during which there is vertical offset)

The distance that the wind has traveled across open water

fetch

In 1964, 12 people were killed during a tsunami at Crescent City, California. All of these fatalities were caused by the _______ wave, which was the highest in the series.

fifth

Tsunami is a Japanese word that means __________________. (pg 209)

harbor wave

Tsunami are created by big "splashes" made in the deep ocean by all but which of the following?

hurricanes

The destructive powers of tsunami result mainly from their ___________________.

momentum and long wavelength

Tsunami typically have ______ _____ _____ ___ relative to wind-blown waves.

periods and long wavelengths

various waves become briefly synchronized with their energies untied to form a spectacular tall wave (pg 208)

rouge waves

Modern tsunami warning systems make use of _________________.

sea surface buoys and ocean bottom pressure sensors only

The result of the constructive and destructive interference of multiple sets of ocean waves (pg 208)

sea swell

A ____________ is an oscillating wave that sloshes back and forth within an enclosed body of waters such as a sea, bay, lake, or swimming pool.

seiche

An event similar to a tsunami that can occur in lakes due to avalanches, earthquakes, and other mechanisms is called a ____________________.

seiche

oscillating waves that slosh back and forth within an enclosed body of water.

seiches

Detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian Islands revealed a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area? (pg219)

slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse

Earthquake-related tsunami are created by sub-sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the sea floor. Such movements occur most commonly along __________________.

subduction zones

Prior to the 2004 event, the last major tsunami in the Indian Ocean struck in 1883 and killed about 36,000 people. This tsunami was caused by _________________. (pg 215)

the collapse of Indonesia's Krakatoa volcano

The captain of a ship tells you that he once experienced a huge tsunami while sailing in the Pacific Ocean several hundred miles from any landmass. You decide that this sounds a little farfetched because __________________.

tsunami are rarely felt in deep water because they have long wavelengths and low heights

The largest wave during a tsunami event is __________________.

unpredictable, it could be any of them

Geologists have shown that the east coast of the United States faces a serious tsunami threat from ________.

volcanic flank collapse in the Canary Islands

In 1868, the USS Wateree was carried several miles inland by a tsunami along the coast of ______.

Chile

Although the 2011 Japanese tsunami killed over 19,000 people, many more people would have likely died if not for _________________. A) the tsunami warning system B) the construction of high walls along much of the coastline C) the construction of huge metal gates at the entrance to some harbors

D) all of the choices

The 1946 April Fool's Day tsunami at Hilo, Hawaii, was caused by an earthquake in ________. (217)

Alaska

The 1964 tsunami that killed 12 people at Crescent City, California, was caused by a major earthquake in _______________.

Alaska

The great 1964 Alaska earthquake (M 9.2) set off a tsunami that killed 122 people along the state's sparsely populated coastline. This tsunami also killed 12 people in the state of _________.

California

Tsunami arrive as a series of several waves separated by periods typically in the _________ range.

10-60 minute

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in ____ countries. (204) (13 in original text says 14)

14

The Pacific Ocean has an average depth of about 5,500 meters, which yields a theoretical deep-ocean tsunami velocity of about _________ meters per second.

230

Most tsunami travel at speeds of ____________ miles per hour.

420-480

In the open ocean, tsunami can travel ________ miles per hour with periods up to _________ minutes.

485; 60

Tsunami wavelengths can be as great as ____________.

840 km

In which of the following scenarios would tsunami tend to have the greatest destructive power?

A section of a coastline where there is a harbor and the bottom of the ocean bottom dips steeply.

Tsunami are typically about _____ high in the open ocean, and 6-15 m high on reaching shallow water.

1 m

How tall a wave is depends on? (p207)

1) velocity of wind, 2) duration of time the wind blows, 3) length of water surface (fetch) then wind blows across, 4) consistency of wind direction