Aphl Tsunami quiz
Powerful tsunami are most frequently produced by _________.
Earthquakes
True or False country with the most detailed history of killer waves is China (pg 209)
False
Which event produces the biggest tsunami?
Impacts of asteroids and comets
Most of the 245,000 deaths from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in _______. (pg 215)
Indonesia
The great 1700 earthquake along the British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon coastline sent killer tsunami to ___________.
Japan
The great 1960 Chile earthquake (M 9.5) unleashed a tsunami that killed over 1,000 Chileans. These waves also killed 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii, 14 hours after the earthquake, and another 185 people in ________, 22.5 hours after the earthquake.
Japan
The largest historic tsunami wave run-up ever recorded was caused by a massive rockfall into the water at ________________.
Lituya Bay, Alaska
A tsunamic event can begin with a drawdown or retreat if the ____________________ of the wave arrives first.
Trough
True or False Most waves are created by frictional drag of wind blowing across the water surface
True
True or False earthquakes not only generated tsunami directly, but their energy can trigger the movement of large masses of rock or sand whose kinetic energy causes tsunami.
True
True or False tsunamis most commonly created during earthquakes, more specifically subsea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the seafloor that disturb the deep ocean water mass
True
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake along __________ off the shore of Sumatra. (pg 215)
a subduction zone
In 1959, the water stored behind Hegben Lake Dam in Montana began to slosh violently back and forth in a series of oscillating waves. These seiches were caused by __________________.
a sudden drop of the lake bottom during an earthquake
The deadly 1992 tsunami in Papua New Guinea was caused by ________.
an undersea landslide triggered by an earthquake
Fault movement of the seafloor that generate large earthquakes may also cause powerful tsunami
earthquake caused tsunami
causes of tsunamis
earthquake, volcanoes, landslide, seiches
What are the causes of tsunami?
earthquake, volcanoes, mass movements, impacts and impacts, largest by rarest events impacts of high-velocity asteroids and comets
Tsunami are deadly natural hazards that commonly are generated by _________________.
fault motion with vertical offset under the sea (during which there is vertical offset)
The distance that the wind has traveled across open water
fetch
In 1964, 12 people were killed during a tsunami at Crescent City, California. All of these fatalities were caused by the _______ wave, which was the highest in the series.
fifth
Tsunami is a Japanese word that means __________________. (pg 209)
harbor wave
Tsunami are created by big "splashes" made in the deep ocean by all but which of the following?
hurricanes
The destructive powers of tsunami result mainly from their ___________________.
momentum and long wavelength
Tsunami typically have ______ _____ _____ ___ relative to wind-blown waves.
periods and long wavelengths
various waves become briefly synchronized with their energies untied to form a spectacular tall wave (pg 208)
rouge waves
Modern tsunami warning systems make use of _________________.
sea surface buoys and ocean bottom pressure sensors only
The result of the constructive and destructive interference of multiple sets of ocean waves (pg 208)
sea swell
A ____________ is an oscillating wave that sloshes back and forth within an enclosed body of waters such as a sea, bay, lake, or swimming pool.
seiche
An event similar to a tsunami that can occur in lakes due to avalanches, earthquakes, and other mechanisms is called a ____________________.
seiche
oscillating waves that slosh back and forth within an enclosed body of water.
seiches
Detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian Islands revealed a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area? (pg219)
slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse
Earthquake-related tsunami are created by sub-sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the sea floor. Such movements occur most commonly along __________________.
subduction zones
Prior to the 2004 event, the last major tsunami in the Indian Ocean struck in 1883 and killed about 36,000 people. This tsunami was caused by _________________. (pg 215)
the collapse of Indonesia's Krakatoa volcano
The captain of a ship tells you that he once experienced a huge tsunami while sailing in the Pacific Ocean several hundred miles from any landmass. You decide that this sounds a little farfetched because __________________.
tsunami are rarely felt in deep water because they have long wavelengths and low heights
The largest wave during a tsunami event is __________________.
unpredictable, it could be any of them
Geologists have shown that the east coast of the United States faces a serious tsunami threat from ________.
volcanic flank collapse in the Canary Islands
In 1868, the USS Wateree was carried several miles inland by a tsunami along the coast of ______.
Chile
Although the 2011 Japanese tsunami killed over 19,000 people, many more people would have likely died if not for _________________. A) the tsunami warning system B) the construction of high walls along much of the coastline C) the construction of huge metal gates at the entrance to some harbors
D) all of the choices
The 1946 April Fool's Day tsunami at Hilo, Hawaii, was caused by an earthquake in ________. (217)
Alaska
The 1964 tsunami that killed 12 people at Crescent City, California, was caused by a major earthquake in _______________.
Alaska
The great 1964 Alaska earthquake (M 9.2) set off a tsunami that killed 122 people along the state's sparsely populated coastline. This tsunami also killed 12 people in the state of _________.
California
Tsunami arrive as a series of several waves separated by periods typically in the _________ range.
10-60 minute
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in ____ countries. (204) (13 in original text says 14)
14
The Pacific Ocean has an average depth of about 5,500 meters, which yields a theoretical deep-ocean tsunami velocity of about _________ meters per second.
230
Most tsunami travel at speeds of ____________ miles per hour.
420-480
In the open ocean, tsunami can travel ________ miles per hour with periods up to _________ minutes.
485; 60
Tsunami wavelengths can be as great as ____________.
840 km
In which of the following scenarios would tsunami tend to have the greatest destructive power?
A section of a coastline where there is a harbor and the bottom of the ocean bottom dips steeply.
Tsunami are typically about _____ high in the open ocean, and 6-15 m high on reaching shallow water.
1 m
How tall a wave is depends on? (p207)
1) velocity of wind, 2) duration of time the wind blows, 3) length of water surface (fetch) then wind blows across, 4) consistency of wind direction