aphug chapter 9

total consumption of food wheat

europe, north america (break pasta cake) central and southwest asia (dry conditions= suitable for wheat)

Which of the following is NOT a major grain exporter? a) China b) USA c) Canada d) Australia

a) China

Grain raised in the United States is used today primarily for a) animal feed b) biofuel c) corn syrup and other byproducts d) export to foreign countries e) human consumption

a) animal feed

In arid climates, like southern California and the Middle East, _______ can cause the soil to become salty and infertile. a) erosion b) topsoil loss c) salinization d) saltation e) droughts

c) salinization

total consumption of food maize

leading in the word, #1 sub-saharan africa

agricultural hearths east asia

rice along the yangtze river and millet along the yellow river

agricultural hearths sub-saharan africa

sorghum and Yams in central africa millet and rive in sub-saharan Africa independently from hearth in east asia.

agricultural hearths central and south asia

chickens in south asia horse in central asia

agricultural regions developed countries

1) mixed crop and livestock 2) dairy 3) grain 4) livestock ranching 5) mediterranean 6) commercial gardening

agricultural regions developing countries

1)pastoral nomadism 2)shifting cultivation 3)intensive subsistence, wet rice dominant 4) intensive subsistence, wet rice not dominant 5) plantation

A jointly operated amalgamation of several small farms, especially one owned by the government → Village Form T/F

False, collective farm

An American commercial farm on which no one lives, and work/harvesting is done by migratory workers → Collective Farm T/F

False, suitcase farm

Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which forest vegetation has been removed by slashing and burning → Milpa T/F

True

Process whereby the farm has moved from being the centerpiece of agricultural production to being one part of an integrated string of industrial processes; the use of machinery in agriculture → Agricultural Industrialization T/F

True

Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region? a) dry b) polar c) tropical d) warm temperature

\c) tropical

a

a

The farther a dairy farm is from a large urban area the lower the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk. This phenomenon occurs primarily because a) fresh milk spoils faster than other dairy products b) fresh milk production has to be close to the labor supply c) fresh cows require less grazing land than other types of cows d) fresh milk sells better when it is placed between urban and rural markets e) fresh milk is in higher demand in urban market than other dairy products

a) fresh milk spoils faster than other dairy products

Which type of agriculture is found primarily in developing countries? a) plantation b) mediterranean c) truck farming d) livestock ranching

a) plantation

Which of the following terms is best defined as a form of commercial farming where livestock is allowed to roam over an established area while farmers remain settled? a) ranching b) agribusiness c) sharecropping d) pastoralism e) irrigation

a) ranching

______is widespread in semiarid climates throughout the world. a) ranching b) tropical plantation c) dairying d) slash-and-burn agriculture e) rice paddies

a) ranching

All of the following are assumptions made in the von Thunen model except a) terrain has forested areas with several small lakes an rivers b) famers sell all of their harvest c) the city is located centrally within an isolated state d) soil and climate are the smae

a) terrain has forested areas with several small lakes an rivers

The second agricultural revolution coincided with a) the industrial revolution b) the first wave of european migration c) imperialism d) the enlightenment

a) the industrial revolution

The industrial revolution transformed western agriculture a) through mechanization and the creation of new markets b) with biotechnology c) through technological and religious change d) by eliminating agricultural pests e) by eliminating plant hybridization

a) through mechanization and the creation of new markets

______ is a common cause of decreasing farmland in rapidly growing urban areas a) urban sprawl b) topsoil loss c) loss of material inputs d) industrialization e) agribusiness

a) urban sprawl (government take lands)

Which of the following options best exemplifies pastoralism? a) A tribe in Brazil gets most of its subsistence by fishing, hunting and gathering. b) A group of nomadic shepherds tends flocks of goats and sheep in Eastern Africa. c) A small, organic farm grows corn, soybeans and squash together in rows. d) A large farm grows a couple of profitable crops.

b) A group of nomadic shepherds tends flocks of goats and sheep in Eastern Africa.

Ranching is a good example of which type of agricultural system a) Intensive subsistence cultivation b) Extensive commercial cultivation c) Labor- intensive agriculture d) Capital- intensive agriculture e) controlled agriculture

b) Extensive commercial cultivation

Corn was first domesticated in a) the tibetan plateau b) central mexico c) the canadian Prairie d) northern Argentina

b) central mexico

Central mexico was hearth for a) barley b) corn (maize) c) millet d) rice e) sorghum

b) corn (maize) central mexico = latin america

According to von Thunen's Model, which agricultural zone is closest to the market? a) Livestock b) dairy farming c) commercial grain d) forestry

b) dairy farming

what name is given to the method of growing crops in nutrient solutions rather than in soil? a) genetic modification b) hydroponics c) irrigation d) salinization e) collectivization

b) hydroponics

According to most scientists, which of the following is NOT true about the clearing of tropical rainforests? a) it causes global warming b) it enlarges holes in the ozone layer c) it negatively impacts the quality of soil d) it is partly caused by shifting cultivation e) it parallels the rise of a middle class in developing countries

b) it enlarges holes in the ozone layer

The shaded areas on the map represent a) beef production b) mediterranean agriculture c) multi-cropping d) plantations e) shifting agriculture

b) mediterranean agriculture

What term is given to the deliberate cultivation of only one crop in a large land area? a) agribusiness b) monoculture c) pastoralism d) aquaculture e) husbandry

b) monoculture

A resource that is a finite supply capable of being exhausted a) transhumance b) nonrenewable c) truck farm d) nucleated settlement

b) nonrenewable

Which of the following is NOT a feature of an agricultural cash crop? a) grown for maximum efficiency b) only kept by the producer and never distributed c) not suitable for subsistence farming d) frequently grown as a monoculture e) produced according to market trends

b) only kept by the producer and never distributed

Which of these terms best matches the following description: An agricultural process that involves nomadic animal husbandry? a) crop rotation b) pastoralism c) livestock ranching d) biotechnology e) domestication

b) pastoralism

DDT is an example of a _______ that has had negative effects all the way through the food chain a) herbicide b) pesticide c) bacteria d) fungicide e) a genetically modified organism

b) pesticide

According to von Thunen, the regional geography of agriculture is determined by a) land area b) rent c) urban marketing d) availability of material inputs e) climate

b) rent

Which of the following pairs of agricultural types occupies the largest percentage of the world's total land area? a) cattle ranching and mediterranean agriculture b) shifting cultivation and nomadic herding c) plantation agriculture and specialized horticulture d) Intensive rice cultivation and subsistence farming

b) shifting cultivation and nomadic herding

A country with a high percentage of people engaged in agriculture is likely to be in which stage of the demographic transition? a) stage 1 b) stage 2 c) stage 3 d) stage 4 e) stage 5

b) stage 2

Modern agribusiness is NOT typically associated with a) commercial agriculture b) subsistence agriculture c) the Green revolution d) plantations e) transportation networks

b) subsistence agriculture

All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture EXCEPT a) a heavy reliance on machinery b) there is little relationship to other businesses c) the product is consumed off the farm d) a small percentage of the workforce is engaged directly in agriculture.

b) there is little relationship to other businesses

According to Carl Sauer, there are two distinctive types of agriculture a) vegetative planting and double cropping b) vegetative planting and seed agriculture c) shifting cultivation and vegetative plating d) slash and burn agriculture and double cropping

b) vegetative planting and seed agriculture

agricultural hearths southwest asia

barley, wheat, lentil and olive cattle, goat, pigs and sheep

agricultural hearths latin america

beans and cotton in Mexico potato in Peru maize (corn) from both independently --> then it diffused northward into Northamerica and southward into south america

Which of the following is an example of a monoculture? a) a single coastal redwood tree has over fifty species of plants and fungi growing on it. b) A fruit orchard contains apple, pear, and orange trees. c) Biotech giant Monsanto grows one variety of corn over thousand of acres. d) An organic farm must pick the crops by hand, because they grow many different species together.

c) Biotech giant Monsanto grows one variety of corn over thousand of acres.

Which of the following was NOT a location of independent plant and animal domestication a) India b) Iraq c) California d) China e) Peru

c) California

the first agriculturalists were a) commercial farmers b) european entrepreneurs c) also hunter-gatherers d) also ranchers e) most likely males

c) also hunter-gatherers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of rings from the market outward, according to Von Thünen? a) animals, dairy and horticulture, forestry, grain b) animals dairy and horticulture, grain, forestry c) dairy and horticulture, forestry, grain, animals d) dairy and horticulture, animals, grain, forestry e) dairy and horticulture, grain, animals, forestry

c) dairy and horticulture, forestry, grain, animals

The result of overgrazing in semi-arid climates is a) environmental modification b) aquaculture c) desertification d) desalination

c) desertification

Harvesting twice a year from the same field a) building material b) mechanization c) double cropping d) rural settlement

c) double cropping

Mediterranean agriculture must be practiced in a climate that is a) wet summer, dry winter b) plentiful rainfall year round c) dry summer, cool moist winter d) mild and dry year round

c) dry summer, cool moist winter

Agricultural hearths developed in four areas around the world EXCEPT a) central america b) northwester south america c) eastern europe d) western africa

c) eastern europe

A system of agriculture characterized by low inputs of labor per unit of land area a) planned economy b) collective farm c) extensive commercial agriculture d) intensive commercial agriculture

c) extensive commercial agriculture

agribusiness has had all of the following effects on agriculture EXCEPT a) the farm is no longer the center of agricultural activity b) TNCs often control agricultural activity abroad. c) family farmers, through increasing technology, are producing goods for the global economy. d) agriculture has become a multilevel process of production, processing, marketing, and consumption. e) some corporations essentially dictate agricultural production in other countries besides their own

c) family farmers, through increasing technology, are producing goods for the global economy.

In the developed world that majority of commercial grain farming is used to _____ a) feed the developing world b) accelerate scientific progress c) feed livestock d) feed the developed world e) none of these answers are accurate

c) feed livestock

Hunting and gathering, slash-and-burn agriculture, and pastoral nomadism are a) forms of commercial agriculture b) forms of plantation agriculture c) forms of subsistence agriculture d) no longer practiced e) becoming more popular after a period of decline

c) forms of subsistence agriculture (farmer and farmer's family)

The Third Agricultural Revolution is also known as a) GMO revolution b) seed agricultural revolution c) green revolution d) industrial revolution

c) green revolution

Which of the following types of farming is not historically prevalent in the United States of America? a) dairy farming b) mixed-crop farming c) none of the other answers d) livestock ranching e) grain farming

c) none of the other answers, they are all prevalent

most cash crops are grown __________. a) through hydroponics b) through aquaculture c) on plantations d) on small cooperatives e) in the developed world

c) on plantations

which crop is associated with intensive agriculture? a) corn b) wheat c) rice d) cotton

c) rice

which of the following crops is a subsistence crop? a) acai berries b) ginger c) rice d) cotton e) cocoa

c) rice

Soil specialists must work to overcome the negative effects of ________ associated with agricultural production. a) fertilization and salinization b) pesticides and fertilization c) salinization and topsoil loss d) topsoil loss and gentrification e) the Green Revolution and agribusinesss

c) salinization and topsoil loss

A world map of beef production per capita would reveal the lowest values in which of the following regions? a) north america b) south america c) south asia d) easter europe e) wester europe

c) south asia (INDIA)

slash-and-burn agriculture is a) not sustainable b) practiced in high, mountanious regions c) typical for tropic forests d) a relatively new invention e) always completely sustainable

c) typical for tropic forests

The green revolution greatly increased crops production in some countries a) without adverse side effects b) as a replacement for deindustrialization c) with some side effects d) by encouraging the cultivation of local crops varieties e) by introducing organic agricultural methods

c) with some side effects

total consumption of food other crops

cassava, sorghum, millet, plantains, sweet potatoes, and yams in sub-saharan africa sugar in Venezuela

Europeans evolved from farming a single field in the early medieval times to rotating crops into how many different sections or fields by the 18th century? a) 1 b) 3 c) 2 d) 4

d) 4

which of these most accurately describes subsistence agriculture? a) A farmer has only one cow; he trades some of the cow's milk for vegetables at the market. b) A small family tends an herb garden, and all of the herbs are used to flavor their home-cooked meals. c) An extensive farm with many outside workers produce crops for the entire town. d) A small farm is run solely by the family and most (or all) crops produced are consumed by the family. e) A local farmer only grows corn; his family consumes some of the corn, but he sells more than half of his crop of corn in a farmer's market.

d) A small farm is run solely by the family and most (or all) crops produced are consumed by the family

The effects of biotechnology a) are positive because it allows for much greater agriculture yields b) are negative because its expense limits its availability to all farmers across the globe. c) are unknown because very little research has been conducted on them. d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

The modern global geography of agriculture is determined by a) climate b) soil c) cultural traditions d) all of the above e) only (a) and (b)

d) all of the above

Which of these statements about intensive farming is true? a) it is common in countries like the United Kingdom and the Netherlands b) it requires a large amount of labor c) land holdings are smaller than in extensive farming d) all of these e) it is carried out in relatively densely populated areas.

d) all of these

Which of the following terms best describes the practices of a group of famers who rely on one or two economically lucrative crops? a) pastoralism b) aquaculture c) ranching d) cash cropping

d) cash cropping

What name is given to husks of grain and corn that have been separated from the seed of the plant? a) soft b) fallow c) hull d) chaff e) cleavage

d) chaff

which of the following is a subsistence crop? a) papyrus b)cotton c)rubber d)corn e)tobacco

d) corn

terracing would be most likely found in a a) desert b) coastal area c) grassland d) mountainous area e) rainforest

d) mountainous area

Which of the following is true about slash-and-burn agriculture in the 21st century? a) it can take decades to replenish the soil with nutrients b) rain forests are not at risk c) farmers stay in one place d) nitrogen is removed from the soil

d) nitrogen is removed from the soil

Which of the following is NOT associated with the Green Revolution? a) GMOs b) Herbicides c) Pesticides d) organic farming e) selective breeding

d) organic farming

Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop a) mediterranean agriculture b) commercial agriculture c) adaptive strategies d) plantation agriculture

d) plantation agriculture

Which of the following includes the world's earliest centers of plant domestication? a) northeast asia, eastern europe, south africa b) british Isles, Scandinavia, United States c) Russia, China, Latin America d) southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle east

d) southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle east

plantation agriculture occurs primarily in _______. a) tundra b) the Northern Hemisphere c) arid climates d) tropical climates e) temperate climates

d) tropical climates

All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture EXCEPT a) pastoral nomadism b) swidden agriculture c) shifting cultivation d) truck farming

d) truck farming --> commercial gardening and fruit farming

Von Thünen emphasized which of the following factors in his model of agricultural land use? a) labor costs and land costs b) labor costs and machinery costs c) labor costs and transportation costs d) land costs and machinery costs e) land costs and transportations costs

e) land costs and transportations costs

Wheat was probably first domesticated in a) east africa b) north america c) south asia d) southeast asia e) southwest asia

e) southwest asia

One would find more chicken production in the American South than in the American Midwest due to a) ethnic preference b) religious taboos in the south c) lack of demand for pork in the south d) laws restricting hog production in the south e) the southern climate being better suited for chickens than the northern climate

e) the southern climate being better suited for chickens than the northern climate

total consumption of food rice

east, south, and southeast asia

g

f

j

h