APHY 102: Chapter 18: Nutrition and Metabolism: Key Questions

Which fatty acids are essential nutrients?

Essential fatty acids include linoleic (synthesizes phospholipids) and linolenic.

Explain what happens to excess glucose in the body.

Excess glucose is polymerized to form glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles as a reserve. The body can only store so much, so once this limit is hit the remaining glucose forms fat and is stored in adipose tissue.

Which foods commonly supply lipids?

Lipids are typically found in foods of animal origin, such as lard, dairy, meats, and eggs. It can also be found in palm and coconut oil.

Name two uses of carbohydrates other than supplying energy.

1. Carbohydrates can be used as the starting materials for synthesizing biochemicals, such as ribose and deoxyribose. 2. Lactose (milk sugar) is synthesized when the breasts are actively secreting milk.

Why do daily requirements for carbohydrates vary from person to person?

Physically active individuals needs more carbohydrates than sedentary individuals because they have a higher metabolism, therefore requiring more energy.

List several common sources of carbohydrates.

Polysaccharides (complex sugars): Plant foods, meats Dissacharides (double sugars): Milk sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar, molasses Monosaccharides (simple sugars): Fruits and honey