Appendicular Skeleton- Chpt 8

Describe how the surface markings of the scapula and humerus articulate

The humerus, is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It articulates proximally with the scapula and distally at the elbow joint with both the ulna and the radius.

Function of Deltoid Tuberosity

This area serves as a point of attachment for the tendons of the deltoid muscle.

Pelvic Girdle Men & Women

Men- pubis arch 45 degree angle Women- 90 degree angle & wider for birth

Distinguish between the pelvic girdle and pelvis.

Pelvic Girdle- 2 hip bones Pelvis- 2 hip bones, sacrum, pubis symphysis

Describe the structure and function of the pectoral girdle ?

The pectoral attach the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. Each of the two pectoral girdles consists of a clavicle and a scapula. The clavicle, the ANTERIOR bone, articulates with the manubrium of the sternum; the scapula, the POSTERIOR bone, articulates with the clavicle and with the humerus. THE PECTORAL GIRDLES DO NOT ARTICULATE WITH THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND ARE HELD IN POSITION AND STABILIZED BY A GROUP OF LARGE MUSCLES THAT EXTEND FROM THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND RIBS TO THE SCAPULA. The shoulder girdle is very light and allows the upper limb to have free movement. However, because of its flexibility, the shoulder girdle is easily dislocated.

Describe the structure and function of the pelvic girdle.

The pelvic girdle consists of the two hip bones, also called coxal bones. The hip bones unite anteriorly at a joint called the pubic symphysis. They unite posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints. The complete ring composed of the hip bones, pubic symphysis, and sacrum forms a deep, basinlike structure called the pelvis. Functionally, the pelvis provides a strong and stable support for the vertebral column and protects pelvic and lower abdominal organs. The pelvic girdle of the pelvis also connects the bones of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

State the location and composition of the pubic symphysis.

The pubic symphysis is the joint between the two hip bones. It consists of a disc of fibrocartilage. Inferior to this joint, the inferior rami of the two pubic bones converge to form the pubic arch.

Describe how the surface markings of the femur, tibia, and fibula articulate.

The tibia, is the larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg. THE TIBIA ARTICULATES AT ITS PROXIMAL END WITH THE FEMUR AND FIBULA AND AT ITS DISTAL END WITH THE FIBULA AND THE TALUS OF THE ANKLE. THE tibia and fibula, like the ulna and radius, are connected by an interosseous membrane.

* State the functions of the tibial tuberosity

The tibial tuberosity on the anterior surface is a POINT OF ATTACHMENT FOR THE PATELLAR LIGAMENT.

* Function of medial condyle and Lateral condyle

These articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia to FORM THE KNEE JOINT.

State the function of and medial malleolus

This structure articulates with the talus of the ankle and forms the prominence that can be felt on the medial surface of the ankle.

Function of greater and lesser trochanter

are projections of the femur that serve as POINTS OF ATTACHMENT FOR THIGH AND BUTTOCK MUSCLES. The greater trochanter is the prominence felt and seen anterior to the hollow on the side of the hip. It is a landmark commonly used to locate the site for intramuscular injections into the lateral surface of the thigh. The lesser trochanter is inferior and medial to the greater trochanter.

* Function of medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle of the humerus

are rough projections on either side of the distal end of the humerus to which MOST MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM ARE ATTACHED

Name the bones composing the acetabulum and state its function.

ilium, ischium, and pubis ilium- largest of the three components of the hip bone, comprises a superior ala and an inferior body. ischium- the inferior, posterior portion of the hip bone, comprises a superior body and an inferior ramus, which joins to the pubis. pubis- include the superior ramus, inferior ramus, and body.

State the function of the lateral malleolus of the fibula.

that articulates with the talus of the ankle. The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the lateral surface of the ankle.