APUSH 18-21
Who did Lincoln run against in the 1864 election
George McClellan
The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil
Gettysburg, Antietam
What was the presumed advantage for the South at the beginning of the war that never materialized?
Intervention from Britain and Franc
Many northerners supported the Free Soil Party of 1848, what was their view of slavery in the territories?
Opposed the expansion of slavery because they enjoyed free labor
Who supported the Lecompton Constitution?
Pres. Buchanan
What was the main rationale of the Confederate States used in declaring their independence?
Principles of self-determination of the Dec of Ind.
What was the result of the US victory in the Mexican War
Renewed controversy over the issue of extending slavery into the territories, a possible split in the Whig and Democrat parties over slavery, the cession by mexico of an enormous amount of land to the US, and a rush of settlers to new American territory
What political party did each figure belong to in the 1856 presidential campaign? JOhn C. Fremont Millard Fillmore Stephen A Douglas James Buchanan
Republican Know-Nothing Democrat Democrat
What did Stephen A. Douglas argue in his Freeport Doctrine during the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
SLavery would stay down in the people voted it down.
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott decision in 1857
Said he wasn't free, supported the confederacy
What was the Ostend Manifesto?
Secret Franklin Pierce administration proposal to purchase of use military force to get Cuba from Spain
Match each presidential candidate in the 1860 election with his party's position on the slavery question: Abe Lincoln Stephen A. Douglas John Breckenridge John Bell
Abolish slavery enforce popular sovereignty Extend slavery preserve Union
Compare the impact of the problems Lincoln faced as president to the impact of the problems Jefferson Davis faced as leader of the Confederacy
Abraham Lincoln's problems were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North had a long established and fully recognized government
What was the most shocking part of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case for a majority of northerners?
All parts of government were pro-south. Court ruled that the Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional
Arrange the following in Chronological order: Battle of Bull Run, Gettysburg, Lee's surrender at APpomat, and Battle of Antietam
Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Lee's surrender
What was the primary objective of Manifest Destiny expansionists in the 1850s
Cuba
What was the greatest hardship faced by the soldiers during the Civil War?
Disease
How did the 2nd Great Awakening influence Harriet Beecher Stowe's view of slavery?
The deeper sources of her anti-slavery sentiments lay in the religious crusades of the 2nd great awakening.
What did the Union realize after their defeat at Bull Run in 1861
The war was going to be v long
What were the issues that concerned southerners in 1849-1850
Tipping political balance, abolition of slavery, loss of runaway slaves,
Arrange these events in chronological order: Dred Scott decision, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and Harper's Ferry raid
Uncle Tom, Kansas Nebraska, Dred Scott, Harpers Ferry
Why was the Battle of Antietam so significant
Union display of power
What was significant about the Battle of Gettysburg
Union victory, south doomed
What did Lincoln do in order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union
Used legally dubious methods
Describe the Unions' treatment of the Plains Indians during the Civil War
Waged war on them and herded them into reservations.
Explain the importance of diplomacy during the Civil War for both the Union and the Confederacy
War critical for both
What political event involving the presidency helped the cause of compromise in 1850?
Zachary Taylor died suddenly and Millare Fillmore became president
How do the author's characterize Lincoln's reaction to the attack on Ft. Sumter?
a middle road to a solution
What social and political impact did Daniel Webster's famed Seventh of March speech have in 1850?
a shift toward compromise in the north
What was the Free Soiler's view of slavery
argued that slavery would cause more costly wage labor if it were to wither away
What was General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the civil war
assailing enemy armies simultaneously and directly
What did the political party leaders do in order to maintain national unity
avoided discussion of slavery
As president of the Confederacy, Why didn't Jefferson Davis exercise the arbitrary power Abraham Lincoln did as president of the united states
because of the South's emphasis of state's rights
What political impact did the discovery of gold have on the US Senate
brought turmoil to the administration of Zachary Taylor
What was a significant consequence of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
calamity for south
How is George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, best described?
cautious
After Antietam why was General George McClellan removed from his command
criticized for not having boldly pursued Lee
As a leader, what were Jefferson Davis' weaknesses
defied rather than led public opinion
Describe the provisions in the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
did NOT include higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways
Describe the greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War
economy
North's greatest strength
economy
How did the Civil War effect the Northern economy?
emerged more prosperous than ever before
Describe the results of the Civil War
expanded federal powers of taxation, end of nullification and secession, creation of first federal social welfare agency, end of slavery
What did the Confederacy have to do to achieve its independence?
fight the invading Union army to a draw
What role did women in the North play during the war
had new opportunities to show the folly of secession.
Why did Abraham Lincoln oppose the Crittenden compromise?
he had been elected on a platform that opposed the extension of slavery
How did Harriet Tubman gain fame
helped slaves escaped to Canada
What was the significance of the Wilmont Proviso
if adopted, it would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War
Why did many northern states pass personal liberty laws in response to the Comp of 1850?
in response to the provisions regarding runaway slaves
Describe John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery.
involved the election of two presidents, one from the North and one from the South
What did the Unions do with the banking system during the war
launched a new national banking system
What was a consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare
lives saved bc shorter war
Why was the issue of runaway slaves so important
loss of property, used the constitution as an argument against it
What did the South conclude after John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?
north was dominated by "black loving" republicans.
Assess the success of popular sovereignty in Kansas in the mid-1850s?
not successful
As president, describe the questionable actions Lincoln took in order to preserve the Union
ordered a blockade in the absence of the congress's approval, suspended habeas corpus, "supervised" voting
What did the clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner reveal?
passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both the North and South
in the compromise of 1850 how was the issue of slavery dealt with in New Mexico and Utah territories?
popular sovereignty
Explain the main elements of the Lecompton Constitution in Kansas
proposed the state of Kansas would protect slave owners already in Kansas
What approach to the conflict did Lincoln favor at the beginning of the war?
quick military action to show the folly of secession
How did the people of South Carolina respond when Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860
rejoiced because they were given reason to secede
Describe the South politically and economically by 1850
relatively well off.
What was the result of Lincoln's pronouncement that the North wanted to preserve the Union with or without slavery?
revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies
Describe African Americans who fought for the Union and the Confederacy
served bravely, many casualties, ten percent of union army
What was significant about the ironclad Merrimack?
showed boats needed to be steam powered an armoured
What was Stephen A. Douglas proposal regarding that the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
slavery be decided by the winner of the next presidential election
What provision concerned northerners most about the Comp of 1850
slavery in the District of Colombia
What effect did the Empancipation Proclamation have
strengthened moral cause and diplomatic position of the union
What was the Southern attitude of states rights during the course of the war
strongly supported states rights
Why did some Southerners support the annexation of Cuba
sugar rich, already had black population, would be divided into states to balance southern power in the senate
Politically, what was the most durable result of the Kansas-Nebraska blunder?
the New Republican political party
During the Civil War, what event nearly provoked Britain and the United States into a war?
the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship
What was the main idea behind popular sovereignty
the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by the vote of the people in any given territory
In the 1848 presidential election, how did the Democratic and Whig parties address the issue of slavery? Why?
they remained silent in order to retain unity
What was the effect on the nation from the debate over slavery in the Mexican Session?
threatened to split national politics along the North-South lines.
Why did Robert E. Lee decide to invade the North through Pennsylvania
to deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen Northern peace movement
What event was critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864
union victory in Atlanta
Prior to 1863 how did the North primarily fulfill the army's demand for troops?
volunteers
How did Northerners feel about the South leaving the Union in 1861
willing to allow the south to leave the Union until the South attacked Fort Sumter
What advantage did the South seem to have as the War began?
More talented military leaders
What components did the final Union war strategy include?
NOT guerrilla warfare
What advantages did the Border States offer?
NOT shipbuilding facilities. DID offer horses, roads, river transportation, etc.
In the election of 1856 what was the central plank of the Know-Nothing party?
Nativism
What group in the North was most dangerous to the Union cause
Northern Peace Democrats
What legally abolished slavery in the United States
13th Amendment
Describe the important legislation that was passed during the war in 1862
160 acres for thirty dollars if lived on for five years and was improved
Why were many northerners still willing to vote Democratic instead of Republican as late as 1856?
Many did not want to lose connections with businesses in the south
How did many northerners react to Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Many swore they would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.
What was the real significance of the election of 1856?
South threatened that a republican victory would be a declaration of war
What group was associated with anti-slavery free-soiled forces in Kansas in the mid-1850s
Southern Democrats