APUSH 18-21

Who did Lincoln run against in the 1864 election

George McClellan

The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil

Gettysburg, Antietam

What was the presumed advantage for the South at the beginning of the war that never materialized?

Intervention from Britain and Franc

Many northerners supported the Free Soil Party of 1848, what was their view of slavery in the territories?

Opposed the expansion of slavery because they enjoyed free labor

Who supported the Lecompton Constitution?

Pres. Buchanan

What was the main rationale of the Confederate States used in declaring their independence?

Principles of self-determination of the Dec of Ind.

What was the result of the US victory in the Mexican War

Renewed controversy over the issue of extending slavery into the territories, a possible split in the Whig and Democrat parties over slavery, the cession by mexico of an enormous amount of land to the US, and a rush of settlers to new American territory

What political party did each figure belong to in the 1856 presidential campaign? JOhn C. Fremont Millard Fillmore Stephen A Douglas James Buchanan

Republican Know-Nothing Democrat Democrat

What did Stephen A. Douglas argue in his Freeport Doctrine during the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

SLavery would stay down in the people voted it down.

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott decision in 1857

Said he wasn't free, supported the confederacy

What was the Ostend Manifesto?

Secret Franklin Pierce administration proposal to purchase of use military force to get Cuba from Spain

Match each presidential candidate in the 1860 election with his party's position on the slavery question: Abe Lincoln Stephen A. Douglas John Breckenridge John Bell

Abolish slavery enforce popular sovereignty Extend slavery preserve Union

Compare the impact of the problems Lincoln faced as president to the impact of the problems Jefferson Davis faced as leader of the Confederacy

Abraham Lincoln's problems were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North had a long established and fully recognized government

What was the most shocking part of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case for a majority of northerners?

All parts of government were pro-south. Court ruled that the Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional

Arrange the following in Chronological order: Battle of Bull Run, Gettysburg, Lee's surrender at APpomat, and Battle of Antietam

Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Lee's surrender

What was the primary objective of Manifest Destiny expansionists in the 1850s

Cuba

What was the greatest hardship faced by the soldiers during the Civil War?

Disease

How did the 2nd Great Awakening influence Harriet Beecher Stowe's view of slavery?

The deeper sources of her anti-slavery sentiments lay in the religious crusades of the 2nd great awakening.

What did the Union realize after their defeat at Bull Run in 1861

The war was going to be v long

What were the issues that concerned southerners in 1849-1850

Tipping political balance, abolition of slavery, loss of runaway slaves,

Arrange these events in chronological order: Dred Scott decision, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and Harper's Ferry raid

Uncle Tom, Kansas Nebraska, Dred Scott, Harpers Ferry

Why was the Battle of Antietam so significant

Union display of power

What was significant about the Battle of Gettysburg

Union victory, south doomed

What did Lincoln do in order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union

Used legally dubious methods

Describe the Unions' treatment of the Plains Indians during the Civil War

Waged war on them and herded them into reservations.

Explain the importance of diplomacy during the Civil War for both the Union and the Confederacy

War critical for both

What political event involving the presidency helped the cause of compromise in 1850?

Zachary Taylor died suddenly and Millare Fillmore became president

How do the author's characterize Lincoln's reaction to the attack on Ft. Sumter?

a middle road to a solution

What social and political impact did Daniel Webster's famed Seventh of March speech have in 1850?

a shift toward compromise in the north

What was the Free Soiler's view of slavery

argued that slavery would cause more costly wage labor if it were to wither away

What was General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the civil war

assailing enemy armies simultaneously and directly

What did the political party leaders do in order to maintain national unity

avoided discussion of slavery

As president of the Confederacy, Why didn't Jefferson Davis exercise the arbitrary power Abraham Lincoln did as president of the united states

because of the South's emphasis of state's rights

What political impact did the discovery of gold have on the US Senate

brought turmoil to the administration of Zachary Taylor

What was a significant consequence of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

calamity for south

How is George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, best described?

cautious

After Antietam why was General George McClellan removed from his command

criticized for not having boldly pursued Lee

As a leader, what were Jefferson Davis' weaknesses

defied rather than led public opinion

Describe the provisions in the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

did NOT include higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways

Describe the greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War

economy

North's greatest strength

economy

How did the Civil War effect the Northern economy?

emerged more prosperous than ever before

Describe the results of the Civil War

expanded federal powers of taxation, end of nullification and secession, creation of first federal social welfare agency, end of slavery

What did the Confederacy have to do to achieve its independence?

fight the invading Union army to a draw

What role did women in the North play during the war

had new opportunities to show the folly of secession.

Why did Abraham Lincoln oppose the Crittenden compromise?

he had been elected on a platform that opposed the extension of slavery

How did Harriet Tubman gain fame

helped slaves escaped to Canada

What was the significance of the Wilmont Proviso

if adopted, it would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War

Why did many northern states pass personal liberty laws in response to the Comp of 1850?

in response to the provisions regarding runaway slaves

Describe John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery.

involved the election of two presidents, one from the North and one from the South

What did the Unions do with the banking system during the war

launched a new national banking system

What was a consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare

lives saved bc shorter war

Why was the issue of runaway slaves so important

loss of property, used the constitution as an argument against it

What did the South conclude after John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?

north was dominated by "black loving" republicans.

Assess the success of popular sovereignty in Kansas in the mid-1850s?

not successful

As president, describe the questionable actions Lincoln took in order to preserve the Union

ordered a blockade in the absence of the congress's approval, suspended habeas corpus, "supervised" voting

What did the clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner reveal?

passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both the North and South

in the compromise of 1850 how was the issue of slavery dealt with in New Mexico and Utah territories?

popular sovereignty

Explain the main elements of the Lecompton Constitution in Kansas

proposed the state of Kansas would protect slave owners already in Kansas

What approach to the conflict did Lincoln favor at the beginning of the war?

quick military action to show the folly of secession

How did the people of South Carolina respond when Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860

rejoiced because they were given reason to secede

Describe the South politically and economically by 1850

relatively well off.

What was the result of Lincoln's pronouncement that the North wanted to preserve the Union with or without slavery?

revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies

Describe African Americans who fought for the Union and the Confederacy

served bravely, many casualties, ten percent of union army

What was significant about the ironclad Merrimack?

showed boats needed to be steam powered an armoured

What was Stephen A. Douglas proposal regarding that the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

slavery be decided by the winner of the next presidential election

What provision concerned northerners most about the Comp of 1850

slavery in the District of Colombia

What effect did the Empancipation Proclamation have

strengthened moral cause and diplomatic position of the union

What was the Southern attitude of states rights during the course of the war

strongly supported states rights

Why did some Southerners support the annexation of Cuba

sugar rich, already had black population, would be divided into states to balance southern power in the senate

Politically, what was the most durable result of the Kansas-Nebraska blunder?

the New Republican political party

During the Civil War, what event nearly provoked Britain and the United States into a war?

the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship

What was the main idea behind popular sovereignty

the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by the vote of the people in any given territory

In the 1848 presidential election, how did the Democratic and Whig parties address the issue of slavery? Why?

they remained silent in order to retain unity

What was the effect on the nation from the debate over slavery in the Mexican Session?

threatened to split national politics along the North-South lines.

Why did Robert E. Lee decide to invade the North through Pennsylvania

to deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen Northern peace movement

What event was critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864

union victory in Atlanta

Prior to 1863 how did the North primarily fulfill the army's demand for troops?

volunteers

How did Northerners feel about the South leaving the Union in 1861

willing to allow the south to leave the Union until the South attacked Fort Sumter

What advantage did the South seem to have as the War began?

More talented military leaders

What components did the final Union war strategy include?

NOT guerrilla warfare

What advantages did the Border States offer?

NOT shipbuilding facilities. DID offer horses, roads, river transportation, etc.

In the election of 1856 what was the central plank of the Know-Nothing party?

Nativism

What group in the North was most dangerous to the Union cause

Northern Peace Democrats

What legally abolished slavery in the United States

13th Amendment

Describe the important legislation that was passed during the war in 1862

160 acres for thirty dollars if lived on for five years and was improved

Why were many northerners still willing to vote Democratic instead of Republican as late as 1856?

Many did not want to lose connections with businesses in the south

How did many northerners react to Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Many swore they would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.

What was the real significance of the election of 1856?

South threatened that a republican victory would be a declaration of war

What group was associated with anti-slavery free-soiled forces in Kansas in the mid-1850s

Southern Democrats