APUSH Ch. 12

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the Upper South in the early and mid-1800s?

Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.

Why did a labor crisis develop in the Cotton South in the first few decades of the 1800s?

Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the land.

Which of these factors explained the surplus of slaves in the Chesapeake region in the early nineteenth century?

Population growth through natural reproduction

Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837?

President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.

Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of the white population in the mid-nineteenth-century Cotton South?

Tenant farmers and day laborers

The U.S. federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the early to mid-1800s through which of the following?

The Indian Removal Act

Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South?

The cotton revolution

Which of these factors contributed to the development of an increasingly homogenous African American culture in the rural South in the nineteenth century?

The domestic slave trade

Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton industry?

African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.

Which of these concepts became a central tenet of slave Christianity in the South in the nineteenth century?

All people as children of God

Which of these statements describes the planter aristocrats who lived in the cotton-growing regions of the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system.

Which factor led to planters' need to smuggle slaves into the country rather than import them legally?

Congressional legislation

Which of the following pairs is properly matched?

Benjamin Banneker-mathematician and surveyor; helped lay out Washington, D.C.

Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the South in the 1850s?

Black evangelical Christianity

Slaves' practice of "taking root" involved which of the following?

Building the best possible lives for themselves as slaves

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions?

Deep South

Which of the following attributes of American society did the planter aristocracy in the South value highly in the mid-nineteenth century?

Inequality

Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups?

Jews

Which of these statements most accurately describes the experiences of free blacks in the early nineteenth-century United States?

Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses.

Which of the following statements characterizes African American marriage customs in the slave South?

Slave couples often followed the African custom of "jumping the broom" to signify their union.

The notion of slavery as a "necessary evil" and a "positive good" was supported by which idea?

Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?

The redistribution of the African American population

Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy?

The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.

Which of the following statements was true of the American South in 1860?

The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the economies of the North and the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

The wealth of the industrializing Northeast was increasing more quickly than that of the South.

Which of the following is true of free blacks in the South?

They became the backbone of the South's urban artisan workforce.

Which of these factors made enslaved African Americans reluctant to attempt to escape to the North?

They hesitated to leave their families and communities behind.

What prevented planter elites from exercising complete political dominance over the Cotton South in the 1830s and 1840s?

They lived in a republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men.

Which of these statements describes Southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century?

They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.

Children born in slave communities in the nineteenth-century South often shared which of these characteristics?

They were named after family members.

Which of the following statements describes the class of propertyless whites living in the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.

Under the task system, slaves were required to

complete a precisely defined job each day.

In the nineteenth-century South, free blacks lived primarily

in the coastal cities and the Upper South.

The domestic slave trade affected the African American family unit before 1865 by

separating family members through sale and trade.