APUSH Ch 24

Charles Lindbergh

"Lucky Lindy" "Spirit of St. Louis" first solo flight around the world. he rose to success without benefit of formal education. Modern self made man.

Lochner v. New York 1905

198 U.S. 45 (1905), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that held a "liberty of contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case involved a New York law that limited the number of hours that a baker could work each day to ten, and limited the number of hours that a baker could work each week to 60. By a 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court rejected the argument that the law was necessary to protect the health of bakers, deciding it was a labor law attempting to regulate the terms of employment, and calling it an "unreasonable, unnecessary and arbitrary interference with the right and liberty of the individual to contract." Justice Rufus Peckham wrote for the majority, while Justices John Marshall Harlan and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. filed dissents.

American Civil Liberties Union

ACLU- founded by Jane Addams, Norman Thomas, Helen Keller and others. They offered free counsel to any educator willing to defy law and become defendant in a test case.

Bruce Barton: The man nobody knows

An advertising executive who wrote a book portrayed Jesus Christ as a "super Salesman"

"little steel"

Any company that tried to compete with the giant US Steel

John W. Davis

As the election between Smith and McAdoo dragged on, both dropped out and the nomination went to this man. He was not able to unite his divided party, because of widespread anticatholic sentiment in south. He was first democrat since civil war to not carry entire south.

"the american plan"

Associated with the 'open shop' which was a crucial element of democratic capitalism. Open shop declared that no worker could be required to join a union

Henry Ford

Automobile manufacturer who believed in "welfare capitalism" which included giving workers perks to both stabilize his work force and turn his employees into consumers. (wanted to raise wages enough so that they, in turn, would buy his cars!)

National Origin Act of 1924

Banned immigration from East Asia, angering Japan, also lowered immigration influx nationality to 2% admittance

Teapot Dome Scandal

Engaged in scandal involving rich oil resources at Teapot Dome and Elk Hills. Harding transferred control of these reserves from the Navy Department to Interior Department then secretly leased them to wealthy businesses.

General Motors

Example of new corporate organization: William Durant (founder) expanded the company dramatically, but had never replaced informal personal management style. Then when GM went into a recession, Alfred P. Sloan created modern administration system (Almost like Taylorism)

Harlem Renaissance

Explosion of ideas, art and ect, in Harlem, NY. Tied into the whole Marcus Garvey 'pride in black nationalism' thing. There were numerous nightclubs (Cotton Club) and jazz musicians like Duke Ellington, Jelly Roll Morton and Fletcher Henderson

The Jazz Singer

First "talkie" by Al Jolson

The new klan

First founded during reconstruction, and was resurrected in 1915 by William J. Simmons It was committed to intimidating immigrants, catholics, jews and foreigners They needed to be "purged" from society. They tried to present themselves as patriots/defenders of morality.

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

Founded by A. Philip Randolph partially because during Great Migration, many blacks were largely excluded from unions. It increased wages, had shorter working hours and other benefits. These unions also battled for civil rights

Time magazine

Founded by Henry Luce and Briton Hadden- it condensed the news of the week into a brief accessible and lively format for those who disliked newspapers

Billy Sunday

Fundamentalists who traveled state to state attracting huge crowds

The Ohio Gang

Hardings gang of friends who were corrupt. Harry Daugherty: Ohio party boss responsible for fame: attorney general Albert B. Fall: secretary of the interior (1st cabinet member to go to jail!)

National Women's Party

Headed by Alice Paul, campaigned for the Equal Rights amendment but it got little support from congress and other feminist groups

Thomas Edison

Hero of the 20s. He was an inventor, primarily for GE (general electric) he rose to success without benefit of formal education. Modern self made man.

A Phillip Randolph

Important civil rights and union activist: Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

Trade Association

Important vehicle used and created by various members of industry to encourage coordination in production and marketing techniques. They worked well in mass production industries already succeeding in limiting competition through consolidation but its effectiveness was limited.

Leo Frank

Jewish factory manager accused of killing a woman employee without any specific evidence He was lynched by the KKK

Alice Paul

Leader of the National Women's party

Margaret Sanger

Major proponent of Birth Control- she was influenced by Emma Goldman who was also a supporter who believed large families primary were primary cause of poverty

"New professional woman"

Many women were making their presence felt in professional areas. Some were business executives, journalists, doctors and lawyers, but most wanted to be "feminine" (fashion, education, social work and nursing) they were considered this _______________

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Novelist who wrote "The Great Gatsby" which ridiculed American obsession with material success

Al Smith

One of two battling for Democrats Nomination in 1924 election. He was an irish catholic tammanyite and had risen to be progressive governor of NY. he was supported by Urban democrats

Langston Hughes

Poet during Harlem Renaissance that drew from African roots.

Warren G. Harding

President in 1921, horrible president. Wanted "return to normalcy" Republican who didnt believe in government intervention- presidency in 1920 having spent many years in public life doing little of note- he was "a good second rater" Appointed capable men to most important cabinet officers and attempted to stabilize nations troubled foreign policy . Lacked strength to abandon party hacks who created his success

Sheppard-Towner Act

Provided federal funds to states to establish prenatal and child healthcare programs. This was really controversial. Alice Paul and the supporters opposed complaining it classified all as mothers. And Margaret Sanger said it would discourage birth control. American Medical Association warned it would introduce untrained outsiders into health care field (midwives)

Barrios

Raw urban communities sometimes without necessities like plumbing that were in California, Texas, Arizona and New Mexico- associated with Mexican immigrants

Herbert Hoover

Republican victor of the the 1928 election he exemplified a prosperous middle class society

Calvin Coolidge

Rose to public interest for his action on the Boston Police Strike, eventually nominated and elected president (after hardings death) in 1923 and 24- against Davis

Andrew Mellon

Secretary of the treasury for the entirety of the 1920s. He cut taxes and budgets- was a steel and aluminum tycoon

"parity"

Setting an adequate price for far goods and ensuring that farmers would earn back at least what production costs no matter how markets might fluctuate. Farmers wanted this from the government

Charles and Mary Beard

Stressed economic factors in tracing the developments of modern society and emphasized the clash of economic interests and central to American history. (Constitution thesis)

The Scopes Trial

The Monkey Trial- John T. Scopes defended by Clarence Darrow. Bryan assisted in the persecution Scopes was fined 100 and had a verdict of guilty. Important victory for modernists. Issue: teaching evolution in school opposed to theory of creation

the "flapper"

Was a new more secular view of womanhood. These women could smoke, drink, dance, wear seductive clothes, and attend parties. They were modern women whose liberated lifestyle found expression in dress, hairstyle, speech and behavior.

Ernest Hemingway

Wrote "A Farewell to Arms" and "For whom the Bell Tolls" which echoed the feeling of the artists of the time that the war had been in vain.

Sinclair Lewis

Wrote "Main Street" and "Babbitt" and also "Arrowsmith". He was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in literature . He lashed out at small town, modern city and medical profession.

H.L Mencken

Wrote "Smart Set" and "American Mercury". He ridiculed everything including religion, art, politics, democracy. He didn't believe "civilized life possible under democracy"

I'll take my stand

a collection of essays written by the Southern Agrarians in their manifesto

William Green

became president of the AFL in 1924; committed to peaceful cooperation with employers and highly opposed communism and socialism; frowned upon strikes

Al Capone

built up a criminal empire based on the profitable business of bootlegging. Associated with Valentines day Massacre

"Lost Generation"

coined by Gertrude Stein, referring to the young men returning from World War I. It was a critique of modern society and heightened a sense of personal alienation.

McNary-Haugen Bill

demanded parity, was vetoed by Coolidge twice!

"Companionate marriage"

devoted new attention to roles as wives and companions as opposed to mothers. Middle class women shared more time in their husbands social lives. Tried to help HIM.

"self-made man"

during the 20's there was a disappearance of the reality and ideal of this _______ the belief than any person could achieve wealth has been a myth but it was a convincing myth. Men now had to find another outlet to define "masculinity"

DeWitt and Lila Wallace

founders of The Reader's Digest: 1921

Henry Luce and Briton Hadden

founders of Time Magazine: 1923

Will Hays

head of the Motion Picture Association who had the power to review and ban any questionable material in films

John Dewey

kept alive pragmatism and appeal for "practical" education and experimentation in social policy. He was an intellectual who wanted reform.

League of Women's Party

league of women's voters? was organized as a response to the suffrage victory - there were womens parties on both the Dem &Repub sides

"behaviorists"

like John Watson and other psychologists who began to challenge long held assumption that women had the instinctive capacity for motherhood. They should rely on advice of experts.

"pink collar" jobs

low paying service jobs geared towards women. and most unions refused to organize them

Harry Emerson Fosdick

pastor of Riverside church, NY believed basis of Christian religion was fully developed personality.

"welfare capitalism"

paternalistic techniques employed by some bosses to improve working conditions to lead to a more stable workforce. Ex: Henry Ford shortened workweek, raised wages, paid vacations, US Steel improved safety and sanitation

D.W. Griffith: Birth of a Nation

praised the Klan

"Normalcy"

quoted by Warren G. Harding - promised a "return to normalcy" in the new era; ironic because the new era was hardly normal at all

The Noble Experiment

refers to the idea of Prohibition

"fugitives/Agrarians"

start of the Southern Agrarians - wrote a collection of pro-south essays

"fundamentalists"

they were provincial, rural men and women trying to maintain centrality of religion. THey got their name from a set of pamphlets entitled "The Fundamentals" THey were outraged at the abandonment of traditional beliefs in face of science. They wanted the bible interpreted literally and opposed Darwin.

"Modernists"

urban, middle class who attempted to adapt religion to science and their own modern realities

"wets and dries"

wets: urban, catholic, immigrants (liked alch. no prohibition) dries: rural, protestant, farmers (no alch!)