Ch 15

open

hollow, modular or virtual structures are ________ organizational designs

hollow structure

organizational network structure, designed around a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to other companies or individuals who can do them cheaper or faster

spans of control

organizational size, skill level, organizational culture and managerial responsibilities should be considered when determining _______ __ ______

Matrix structure

organizational structure that combines a vertical structure with an equally strong horizontal overlay, Similar to that of an excel spreadsheet where it's almost always function vs product

functional structure

organizational structure that groups people according to the business functions they perform

divisional structure

organizational structure where employees are segregated into organization groups based on similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic region

virtual structure

organizational structure where members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mail and other forms of IT, yet which generally appears to customers as a single, unified organization with a real physical location

The Contingency approach to organization design

states organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation

Staff

do background research and provide technical advice and recommendations to their line managers, think operations

Organic

flexible, free flowing networks of multitalented individuals who perform a variety of tasks

traditional

functional, divisional and/or matrix structures are ________ organizational designs

Generic Effectiveness criteria

goal accomplishment, internal process, strategic constituencies satisfaction, and resource acquisition all answer "how do you know when you're effective" better known as the ____ ______ ______

open system

depends on constant interaction with environment for survival

boundaryless organization

management has largely succeeded in breaking down barriers between internal levels, job functions and departments, as well as reducing external barriers between the association and those with whom it does business

developmental position

where you want high performing employees (won't stay in that position for a long period of time)

continuity position

where you want the pros (don't mind if they stay there 20+ years)

Process innovation

a change in the way a product or a service is conceived, manufactured, or distributed EX: Using an iPhone to order pizza online

Line managers

have the authority to make decisions, provide support

closed system

a self sufficient entity

internal, external

a(n) ______ virtual structure consists of work arrangements that are used to coordinate the work of geographically dispersed employees working for one organization, whilst a(n) ________ virtual structure establishes a collaborative inter-organizational network of independent firms or individuals in order to create a virtual entity

Crowdsourcing

an innovation support technique that consists of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contribution from a large group of people

learning organization

an organization that proactively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge and that changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights

Strategic consitituency

any group of individuals who have some stake in the organization

product innovation

change in the appearance or performance of a product or service or the creation of a new one EX: Each & every new iPhone

Decentralized

decisions are made by mid- and low-level managers, often used for decision making in organicorganizations

Centralized

key decisions are made by top management, often used for decision making in mechanistic organizations

Seeds of innovation

represent the starting points for organizational innovation

Mechanistic

rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks and top-down communication

Unity of command principle

specifies that each employee should report to only one manage

Organization

system of consciously coordinated activities of forces of two or more persons

Transformational innovation

targeted at creating new markets and customers and rely on developing breakthroughs and inventing things that don't currently exist EX: The Firearms industry is making pink camouflage rifles for women

Core innovation

targeted at existing customers and rely on optimizing existing products/services for existing customers EX: Time Warner's initiative to give "on time" guarantee for service

innovation

the creation of something new that makes money; finds a pathway to the customer

span of control

the number of people of people directly to a given manager

organizational design

the structures of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures

Failure

when an activity fails to deliver its expected results or outcomes