exam review- quizizz questions (all)

How many different DNA nucleotides are there?

4

direction new nucleotides are synthesized on the new strand

5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)

Which type of mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?

Frameshift

Experiment that radioactively labeled the proteins and DNA of bacteriophages to determine if DNA or protein was the transforming agent

Hershey & Chase

Which of the following scientists was a geologist?

Hutton

what kind of isolation occurs when two populations of birds have different courtship dances?

behavioral isolation

The world wide average height today is 3 inches taller than 100 years ago.. MOST likely due to

better nutrition today than 100 years ago

in the early 2000s, white nose fungus killed off many of the native American bat species. the surviving bats will continue the population with their own allele frequencies. what mechanism of evolution is this

bottleneck effect- genetic drift

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

each one with one new strand and one original strand

If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)

early ancestor

Animals are able to pick and choose their adaptations.

false

sexual dimorphism is most often a result of

females selecting traits she likes in a male

the ability of an organism to reproduce in its specific environment

fitness

what increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another

gene flow

five factors for evolution

gene flow, genetic drift (large populations), mutations, selection, nonrandom mating

the combination of all alleles in a population is called the population's

gene pool

when allele frequencies shift by random chance, the mechanism of evolution at work is

genetic drift

Mutations are important because they bring about

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

mutations are important because they bring about

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

types of pre-zygotic barriers

habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation

Enzyme that unwinds the DNA

helicase

The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different. Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same. therefore, these structures are examples of

homology

Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?

hydrogen bonds

small populations are ______ likely to be near H-W equilibrium than large populations because genetic drift is _______ important in small populations

less; more

Seals the Okazaki fragments together

ligase

if a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?

whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than others

Winter wheat can grow in a variety of temperatures. Winter wheat in very cold temps

will have mostly unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane

Cytosine makes up 40% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

10%

You do a test cross between a dihybrid and a truebreeding recessive - YyRr x yyrr. What are your expected ratios (if genes are not on the same chromosome)?

1:1:1:1

phenotype equation

1= p+q

YyRr x YyRr. What is the probability that the offspring will have at least one recessive trait?

7/16

You do a dihybrid cross - YyRr x YyRr. What are your expected ratios (if genes are not on the same chromosome)?

9:3:3:1

In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?

A + G = C + T

Which of the following are most closely associated with convergent evolution?

Analogous structures

Guanine bonds with ______________.

Cytosine

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' -> 3' direction?

DNA Polymerase III

What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?

DNA controls the production of protein in the cell

Adds nucleotides to the newly synthesized strand of DNA

DNA polymerase III

All of the following are enzymes used in replication

DNA polymerase, primase, helicase

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

Deletion

He thought organisms could acquire and pass on traits they needed to survive like the stretched neck of a giraffe

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

When scientists compare animals currently living on different continents, they often find those with similar characteristics, who are not actually close relatives, living in similar environmental conditions even though they are geographically very distant. One example is the Anteater/Armadillos of the Americas and the Pangolin of Africa. What can we deduce from this evidence?

Living things can adapt similarly to similar environments over time.

Which scientists stated that the human population would eventually run out of resources?

Malthus

This type of substitution codes for a stop codon

Nonsense

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?

The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.

What is the name given to the short stretches of DNA formed on the lagging strand?

Okazaki fragments

Which part of the theory of evolution did Darwin develop after reading Thomas Malthus?

Populations tend to grow exponentially, overpopulate, and exceed their resources

Type of point mutation that has no change on the protein being made.

Silent Mutation

Replicate the following strand of DNA: AATCATGGA

TTAGTACCT

Chargraff's analysis of the relative base composition of DNA was significant because he was able to show that

The amount of A is always equivalent to T, and C to G

On a cladogram, what represents the common ancestor of two species?

The node at which the two species' branches meet

Who had a theory similar to Darwin (struggle for existence)?

Wallace

example of gene flow

a male frog from an upstream population is swept downstream and mates with female frogs there

the biological species concept states that

a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring

a measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs is known as the

allele frequency

a new river forms and divides a population of frogs, causing _________ speciation

allopatric isolation

true about genetic drift

can lead to fixed alleles in a population or the loss of alleles, result of random transmission of genes from parents

microevolution of a population is characterized by

changing allele frequencies

example of bottleneck effect

cheetahs

when the bodies of different organisms are compared to see if they are related

comparative anatomy

involved in natural selection?

competition for resources, differences in reproductive success, inheritable variation in populations

All of the following statements are true of a DNA molecule

contains nucleotides. stores genetic information. duplicates itself.

Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?

deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

what is speciation?

divergence of two or more species from an existing one

genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. this is called a

mutation

small populations are especially at risk when a bottleneck effect occurs, caused by greater effect ________ can have on small populations

mutation

deviations from H-W equilibrium

occur when evolutionary forces are acting upon a population

What about DNA is unique to each individual organism?

order of nitrogen bases

genotype equation

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that

past geological events can always be explained in terms of processes observable today (uniform processes).

what kind of bond holds one nucleotide to another one above it or below it?

phosphodiester

All of the following should be used to construct evolutionary trees EXCEPT

physical relationships

what is the best explanation for a population being described as an evolutionary unit

populations evolve not individuals

Nucleotide pairing is always

purine and pyrimidine

genetic drift is a change in the allele frequency of a population due to

random chance

All of these are possible ways for new genes to come about in a population

random mutation, gene duplication

reproductive isolation results in

reduction of gene flow

what must occur for speciation to happen?

reproductive isolation

What is an exon?

section of mRNA that codes for protein

DNA is replicated using the _______________ model

semiconservative

It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following?

sequence of bases

An entire nest of turtles hatches - they are all females! This is most likely because...

sex determination in turtles is due to environment

when individuals choose traits possessed by the opposite sex it is called

sexual selection

what is NOT a requirement for H-W equilibrium

small population

Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?

some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin

in a population of mice, the gray fir phenotype is increasing while the black and white phenotypes are decreasing. This is most likely afforded to the camouflage awarded to the gray mice on the dusty ground. This an example of

stabilizing selection

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

repetitive sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes (TTAGGG)

telomeres

one species of a flower blooms in the spring, the other in the fall. They cannot interbreed because

temporal isolation

reproductive isolation leads to speciation. Types may include:

temporal, behavioral, physical, hybrid sterility, incompatible genitalia

The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

A Chi Square value of P= 0.80 indicates

there is an 80% chance that the difference in the observed data is NOT significant (not different from the expected data)

A cross between a dihybrid individual (heterozygous for two traits) and a homozygous recessive individual for the same two traits produces these phenotypes as offspring: parental phenotypes 526 and 542, and recombinant phenotypes 22 and 24.

these genes are linked

Jenna has a genetic disorder. Her husband Jeff does not. Jeff and Jen have 20 offspring - all ten of their girls do not have the disorder, but all ten of their boys do.

this disorder is a sex linked trait

Females with this trait will always pass this to their offspring, males with the trait never pass to offspring.

this is a trait in the mitochondria

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of

thymine

What helps RNA polymerase attach to a gene in transcription? Also, name the gene section.

transcription factors, promoter

true statement about natural selection

variation exists in a population

structures that may have served a purpose in ancient ancestors but no longer are functional in current organisms

vestigial structures

gene flow occurs

when individuals are added to or subtracted from a population