exam review- quizizz questions (all)
How many different DNA nucleotides are there?
4
direction new nucleotides are synthesized on the new strand
5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)
Which type of mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?
Frameshift
Experiment that radioactively labeled the proteins and DNA of bacteriophages to determine if DNA or protein was the transforming agent
Hershey & Chase
Which of the following scientists was a geologist?
Hutton
what kind of isolation occurs when two populations of birds have different courtship dances?
behavioral isolation
The world wide average height today is 3 inches taller than 100 years ago.. MOST likely due to
better nutrition today than 100 years ago
in the early 2000s, white nose fungus killed off many of the native American bat species. the surviving bats will continue the population with their own allele frequencies. what mechanism of evolution is this
bottleneck effect- genetic drift
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
each one with one new strand and one original strand
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
early ancestor
Animals are able to pick and choose their adaptations.
false
sexual dimorphism is most often a result of
females selecting traits she likes in a male
the ability of an organism to reproduce in its specific environment
fitness
what increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another
gene flow
five factors for evolution
gene flow, genetic drift (large populations), mutations, selection, nonrandom mating
the combination of all alleles in a population is called the population's
gene pool
when allele frequencies shift by random chance, the mechanism of evolution at work is
genetic drift
Mutations are important because they bring about
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
mutations are important because they bring about
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
types of pre-zygotic barriers
habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation
Enzyme that unwinds the DNA
helicase
The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different. Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same. therefore, these structures are examples of
homology
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
hydrogen bonds
small populations are ______ likely to be near H-W equilibrium than large populations because genetic drift is _______ important in small populations
less; more
Seals the Okazaki fragments together
ligase
if a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?
whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than others
Winter wheat can grow in a variety of temperatures. Winter wheat in very cold temps
will have mostly unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane
Cytosine makes up 40% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
10%
You do a test cross between a dihybrid and a truebreeding recessive - YyRr x yyrr. What are your expected ratios (if genes are not on the same chromosome)?
1:1:1:1
phenotype equation
1= p+q
YyRr x YyRr. What is the probability that the offspring will have at least one recessive trait?
7/16
You do a dihybrid cross - YyRr x YyRr. What are your expected ratios (if genes are not on the same chromosome)?
9:3:3:1
In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?
A + G = C + T
Which of the following are most closely associated with convergent evolution?
Analogous structures
Guanine bonds with ______________.
Cytosine
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' -> 3' direction?
DNA Polymerase III
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
Adds nucleotides to the newly synthesized strand of DNA
DNA polymerase III
All of the following are enzymes used in replication
DNA polymerase, primase, helicase
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
Deletion
He thought organisms could acquire and pass on traits they needed to survive like the stretched neck of a giraffe
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
When scientists compare animals currently living on different continents, they often find those with similar characteristics, who are not actually close relatives, living in similar environmental conditions even though they are geographically very distant. One example is the Anteater/Armadillos of the Americas and the Pangolin of Africa. What can we deduce from this evidence?
Living things can adapt similarly to similar environments over time.
Which scientists stated that the human population would eventually run out of resources?
Malthus
This type of substitution codes for a stop codon
Nonsense
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?
The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
What is the name given to the short stretches of DNA formed on the lagging strand?
Okazaki fragments
Which part of the theory of evolution did Darwin develop after reading Thomas Malthus?
Populations tend to grow exponentially, overpopulate, and exceed their resources
Type of point mutation that has no change on the protein being made.
Silent Mutation
Replicate the following strand of DNA: AATCATGGA
TTAGTACCT
Chargraff's analysis of the relative base composition of DNA was significant because he was able to show that
The amount of A is always equivalent to T, and C to G
On a cladogram, what represents the common ancestor of two species?
The node at which the two species' branches meet
Who had a theory similar to Darwin (struggle for existence)?
Wallace
example of gene flow
a male frog from an upstream population is swept downstream and mates with female frogs there
the biological species concept states that
a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring
a measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs is known as the
allele frequency
a new river forms and divides a population of frogs, causing _________ speciation
allopatric isolation
true about genetic drift
can lead to fixed alleles in a population or the loss of alleles, result of random transmission of genes from parents
microevolution of a population is characterized by
changing allele frequencies
example of bottleneck effect
cheetahs
when the bodies of different organisms are compared to see if they are related
comparative anatomy
involved in natural selection?
competition for resources, differences in reproductive success, inheritable variation in populations
All of the following statements are true of a DNA molecule
contains nucleotides. stores genetic information. duplicates itself.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
what is speciation?
divergence of two or more species from an existing one
genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. this is called a
mutation
small populations are especially at risk when a bottleneck effect occurs, caused by greater effect ________ can have on small populations
mutation
deviations from H-W equilibrium
occur when evolutionary forces are acting upon a population
What about DNA is unique to each individual organism?
order of nitrogen bases
genotype equation
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that
past geological events can always be explained in terms of processes observable today (uniform processes).
what kind of bond holds one nucleotide to another one above it or below it?
phosphodiester
All of the following should be used to construct evolutionary trees EXCEPT
physical relationships
what is the best explanation for a population being described as an evolutionary unit
populations evolve not individuals
Nucleotide pairing is always
purine and pyrimidine
genetic drift is a change in the allele frequency of a population due to
random chance
All of these are possible ways for new genes to come about in a population
random mutation, gene duplication
reproductive isolation results in
reduction of gene flow
what must occur for speciation to happen?
reproductive isolation
What is an exon?
section of mRNA that codes for protein
DNA is replicated using the _______________ model
semiconservative
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following?
sequence of bases
An entire nest of turtles hatches - they are all females! This is most likely because...
sex determination in turtles is due to environment
when individuals choose traits possessed by the opposite sex it is called
sexual selection
what is NOT a requirement for H-W equilibrium
small population
Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?
some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin
in a population of mice, the gray fir phenotype is increasing while the black and white phenotypes are decreasing. This is most likely afforded to the camouflage awarded to the gray mice on the dusty ground. This an example of
stabilizing selection
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
repetitive sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes (TTAGGG)
telomeres
one species of a flower blooms in the spring, the other in the fall. They cannot interbreed because
temporal isolation
reproductive isolation leads to speciation. Types may include:
temporal, behavioral, physical, hybrid sterility, incompatible genitalia
The leading and the lagging strands differ in that
the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
A Chi Square value of P= 0.80 indicates
there is an 80% chance that the difference in the observed data is NOT significant (not different from the expected data)
A cross between a dihybrid individual (heterozygous for two traits) and a homozygous recessive individual for the same two traits produces these phenotypes as offspring: parental phenotypes 526 and 542, and recombinant phenotypes 22 and 24.
these genes are linked
Jenna has a genetic disorder. Her husband Jeff does not. Jeff and Jen have 20 offspring - all ten of their girls do not have the disorder, but all ten of their boys do.
this disorder is a sex linked trait
Females with this trait will always pass this to their offspring, males with the trait never pass to offspring.
this is a trait in the mitochondria
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
thymine
What helps RNA polymerase attach to a gene in transcription? Also, name the gene section.
transcription factors, promoter
true statement about natural selection
variation exists in a population
structures that may have served a purpose in ancient ancestors but no longer are functional in current organisms
vestigial structures
gene flow occurs
when individuals are added to or subtracted from a population