Ch 15
open
hollow, modular or virtual structures are ________ organizational designs
hollow structure
organizational network structure, designed around a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to other companies or individuals who can do them cheaper or faster
spans of control
organizational size, skill level, organizational culture and managerial responsibilities should be considered when determining _______ __ ______
Matrix structure
organizational structure that combines a vertical structure with an equally strong horizontal overlay, Similar to that of an excel spreadsheet where it's almost always function vs product
functional structure
organizational structure that groups people according to the business functions they perform
divisional structure
organizational structure where employees are segregated into organization groups based on similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic region
virtual structure
organizational structure where members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mail and other forms of IT, yet which generally appears to customers as a single, unified organization with a real physical location
The Contingency approach to organization design
states organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation
Staff
do background research and provide technical advice and recommendations to their line managers, think operations
Organic
flexible, free flowing networks of multitalented individuals who perform a variety of tasks
traditional
functional, divisional and/or matrix structures are ________ organizational designs
Generic Effectiveness criteria
goal accomplishment, internal process, strategic constituencies satisfaction, and resource acquisition all answer "how do you know when you're effective" better known as the ____ ______ ______
open system
depends on constant interaction with environment for survival
boundaryless organization
management has largely succeeded in breaking down barriers between internal levels, job functions and departments, as well as reducing external barriers between the association and those with whom it does business
developmental position
where you want high performing employees (won't stay in that position for a long period of time)
continuity position
where you want the pros (don't mind if they stay there 20+ years)
Process innovation
a change in the way a product or a service is conceived, manufactured, or distributed EX: Using an iPhone to order pizza online
Line managers
have the authority to make decisions, provide support
closed system
a self sufficient entity
internal, external
a(n) ______ virtual structure consists of work arrangements that are used to coordinate the work of geographically dispersed employees working for one organization, whilst a(n) ________ virtual structure establishes a collaborative inter-organizational network of independent firms or individuals in order to create a virtual entity
Crowdsourcing
an innovation support technique that consists of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contribution from a large group of people
learning organization
an organization that proactively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge and that changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights
Strategic consitituency
any group of individuals who have some stake in the organization
product innovation
change in the appearance or performance of a product or service or the creation of a new one EX: Each & every new iPhone
Decentralized
decisions are made by mid- and low-level managers, often used for decision making in organicorganizations
Centralized
key decisions are made by top management, often used for decision making in mechanistic organizations
Seeds of innovation
represent the starting points for organizational innovation
Mechanistic
rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks and top-down communication
Unity of command principle
specifies that each employee should report to only one manage
Organization
system of consciously coordinated activities of forces of two or more persons
Transformational innovation
targeted at creating new markets and customers and rely on developing breakthroughs and inventing things that don't currently exist EX: The Firearms industry is making pink camouflage rifles for women
Core innovation
targeted at existing customers and rely on optimizing existing products/services for existing customers EX: Time Warner's initiative to give "on time" guarantee for service
innovation
the creation of something new that makes money; finds a pathway to the customer
span of control
the number of people of people directly to a given manager
organizational design
the structures of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures
Failure
when an activity fails to deliver its expected results or outcomes
