apush Ch 7
What were the 2 types of protests?
Informal -boycotted British goods Sons and Daughter of Liberty (very violent) Formal -non importation agreements (did not import from British, export to British, anything with British!) -wrote parliament, listed "declaration of rights and grievances", and called for repeal of stamp act
What did the privy council in Britain do?
It was able to void American laws; bothered them Americans
Who was the "king of smugglers"?
John Hancock
Americans Advantages
Knew the land, just had to protect the land, not go out and conquer new land; fighting for cause of freedom, British were fighting bc they had to
Who promised African Americans freedom if they foight in the war?
Lord dunmore (Royal governor of Virginia)
What was Britain economic ideology?
Mercantilism; a nations wealth and power is measured by the amount of gold and silver it has
First Continental Congress (1774)
Met to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts; adopted the *Declaration and Resolves* in which they: Declared the Intolerable Acts null and void. Recommended that colonists arm themselves and that militias be formed. Recommended a boycott of British imports.
What was a "favorable balance of trade" and who used it?
More exports than imports; countries that had colonies (Britain); bc the colonies supplied the mother country with raw materials
Why did the colonies start printing their own money?
Most of their "hard money" was being funneled to England, so they turned to barter, even though paper money was worthless
Who was Lord North and what did he do?
New British prime minister, he repealed the Townshend Act but kept the tea tax
What failed to comply with the quartering act in 1767 and was shut down?
New York legislature
British reaction to Boston Tea Party
Passed the Intolerable Acts which further fueled the Revolution
What acts did "Champagne Charley" Townsend initiate and what did they do?
Townsend acts; taxed paper, white lead, paint, tea; known as "indirect taxes" aka hidden tax
What restrictions were placed on Americans productions of goods?
Wool and beaver hats were off limits!
Who was Crispus Attucks?
a black patriot killed in the Boston Massacre. He was a symbol for rallying cry for freedom
Who was Marquis de Lafayette and what did he do?
leader at Valley Forge, pro-freedom, Washington's trusted aide (19 years old!)
What was the Americans tactic to winning the war against British
"Drawn game" they would fight, backup, live, repeat. With every time they moved back, they were leading British closer to enemy land, which the British did not really want to enter
The Quebec Act of 1774 accomplished the following EXCEPT
- assigning all lands north and west of the Ohio River to the British controlled Province of Quebec. - taking Indian policy north and west of the Ohio River out of the hands of frontier agitators and royal governors along the coast. - recognizing the rights of the Catholic Church. - CORRECT: easing the opposition and resistance of patriots in the colonies to British rule.
What were the Navigation Laws?
-American goods could only be shipped through British ships - goods heading from europe to America must stop in England first to "pay duties" which raised the price for Americans
What were ways in which gold was gotten?
-finding or digging it up -stealing or winning it - earning it by exporting more than importing
What was the primary purpose of the stamp act ? What did it do?
-raise money for military force (protection) —a tax to stamp anything paper, from legal documents to newspapers to playing cards
Stamp Act Congress (1765)
27 delegates from 9 colonies met October 1765, and drew up a list of declarations and petitions against the new taxes imposed on the colonies.
What we're Britain's advantages?
7.5 million people (instead of 2mil in America), powerful navy, wealth (hard money, not worthless paper money)
Who was Sam Adams? What did he do?
A red-blooded patriot; his main contribution was the establishment of the "committees of correspondence" (letter writing networks with goal to exchange info and keep resistance): started in Boston; eventually would lead to first American congresses
WHo was the guy that stood in and helped Americans train for war?
Baron von Steuben
What did the Intolerable Acts do?
Closed the port of Boston until the colonists paid for the tea they dumped. Did away with the local government of Massachusetts. Forced the colonists to allow English soldiers to be quartered, or housed, in their homes. Certain crimes were to be tried in England not America
American Disadvantages
Constant shortage of money, weapons, food, clothing, and medicine, but France eventually stepped in and aided them
Which act declared the London still ruled over American colonies and was able to "bind" colonies when needed?
Declaring act of 1766
Britains disadvantage in the war for independence
Did not know the land, not good officers, many didn't wanna fight
Who were enumerated goods shipped to?
England bc Americans wanted to ship to highest bidder
Which was the only colony which was actually started by Britain?
Georgia
Who were the Hessians?
German mercenaries/ soldiers who fought on side of British
What did Grenville counter when the colonist argues "taxation without representation"?
He argued they were represented with "virtual representation"... parliament represents British and since colonies are under the British, they get the same protection
Menace of mercantilism
Hindered Americas economic growth - kept Americans in state of perpetually - the Americans felt humiliated and Teddy Roosevelt commented that revolution hapoened bc Britain didn't see a emerging nation coming out
What was the Status in the early 1770s about?
How the Townsend act barely produced revenue and instead they nearly caused a rebellion
What were the dif reactions to the Boston tea party?
Patriots -cheered bc standing up to British Conservatives - criticex bc step above lawlessness and anarchy
What were the 3 groups in America
Patriots, moderates/apathetic (most people), loyalists (16%)
Who suggested to enforce the navigation acts?
Prime minister George Grenville
Quartering Act of 1765
Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops
What was the non enforcement of the navigation laws called and what exactky was it?
Salutary neglect; Americans remained under the "protection" of Britain
Who was the ringleader of the Boston tea party
Sam adams
Who were the "troublemakers" that the British were trying to steal weapons from ?
Sam adams and John Hancock
Sugar Act of 1764
Tax on sugar; first tax with purpose to raise revenue;
Who influenced American thinking? What did they do?
The "radical whigs" of England; they criticized how the king would appoint relative to positions, accept bribes, or such corruption... these were all a threat to liberty
What were admiralty courts?
These were courts created by the British to trial colonists who were caught violating the tax laws. Guilty until proven innocent. no trial by jury.
What did the Americans feel which eventually led them to cut ties with Britain?
They fekt seperated from engkand and as thoigh they were "cutting edge"; they began to develop their own politics
Why was the British East India company in TROUBKE in 1773 and what did London do to help?
They had 17 million pounds of unsold tea; they allowed Americans to buy the tea at a cheaper price, but the Americans thought it was a way for Britain to sneak in taxes
What is republicanism?
the idea that the people elect representatives to govern for them
What was another name for loyalists
tories (tory)
