Apush ch 9
In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were A young unmarried women from rural New England B newly arrived immigrants form Ireland C men who were heads of households D married women whose children were of school age E free African Americans form urban areas
A
"Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . of someone to provide that work—to supervise the children through the vicissitudes of a changing social and economic order; to make and mend clothes, quilts, pillows, and other household furnishings; to shop for items the household could afford . . . , and scavenge . . . for those it could not; to clean, cook, and bake; and, whenever necessary, to move from unpaid to paid labor to bolster the household income. The growth . . . of the cash [economy] of the Northeast had not rendered this labor superfluous. Nor had it reduced housework to unskilled labor." Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 During the first half of the nineteenth century, some women increasingly "bolster[ed] the household income," as described in the excerpt, by A obtaining positions in textile mills B signing contracts for indentured servitude C performing clerical and secretarial labor for large corporations D participating in secular and religious reform associations
A
Which of the following best explains the cause of the emergence of new political parties in the early nineteenth century? A Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government B Growing agreement regarding the issue of slavery C Declining support for westward territorial expansion D Persistent concern over the influence of foreign powers
A
Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century New England? A A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities B An agreement among the New England states to secede and for a New England confederacy C A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting D A strategy to defend New England during the War of 1812 E A congressional reappointment plan during the 1820's
A
Which of the following transportation developments opened the West to settlement and trade between 1790 and 1830? A Turnpikes and canals B Railroads and steamships C Turnpikes and railroads D Clipper ships and turnpikes E Canals and railroads
A
The Missouri Compromise did which of the following? A Prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. B Provided for admission of the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave. C Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state. D Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories. E Provided for the annexation of Texas.
C
Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? A It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. B It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson. C It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. D It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. E It called for an end to the European presence in South America.
D
Which of the following best explains a change in migration in United States society during the early 1800s? A The claims to land by American Indian groups prevented the migration of White settlers westward. B The system of indentured servitude allowed Europeans living in poverty to immigrate to North America. C The increased importance of Southern cotton coincided with substantial immigration from abroad to the region. D The rise in manufacturing in the North coincided with an increase of immigration from abroad to these urban areas.
D
The National Road was constructed primarily for the purpose of A demarcating the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase B promoting trade and communication with the Old Northwest C opening the Southwest to ranchers D assisting the movement of settlers to the Oregon Country E relieving overpopulation and crowding in the Northeast
B
The Southern economy before the Civil War increasingly A diversified, with more industry and more mechanized agriculture B produced more cotton and other crops but did not develop much industry C depended on immigrant labor D produced tobacco and sugar rather than cotton E depended on the North for raw materials
B
A key purpose of Henry Clay's American System was to A expand slavery into new territories to preserve its economic viability B improve diplomatic relations with European nations by allowing free immigration C develop a national economy by improving transportation D create more interest in politics by eliminating voting restrictions E remove American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River to prevent further conflicts
C
"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Those who benefited most from the market revolution—merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmers, along with their families—faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors." Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution? A The emergence of new forms of transportation B The increased number of women in the paid workforce C The emergence of southern opposition to tariffs D The decline of slavery in the Northeast
A
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? A The political debates over economic development B The lives of women working in new factories C The effects of new technologies on commerce D The value of British-manufactured imports
A
In the 1850s, which of the following groups would have been most likely to benefit from the changes depicted on the maps? A Immigrants from western Europe B American Indians C Mexicans who remained in the southwestern United States D African Americans
A
"As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Through sale of its enormous land holdings, the federal government could well afford to subsidize internal improvements. By levying protective tariffs, the government should foster the development of American manufacturing and agricultural enterprises that, in their infancy, might not be able to withstand foreign competition. The promotion of industry would create a home market for agricultural commodities, just as farms provided a market for manufactured products." Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 One major change in United States politics from the 1820s to the mid-1850s was the A adoption of an antislavery platform by the Whig Party B rise of political parties defined largely by regional interests C collapse of the Democratic Party in the South D decline of competition between parties
B
The expansion of a market economy in the early nineteenth century is reflected in which of the following? A The decline of the slave system in the South B The improvement of transportation and availability of goods C The development of assembly-line production D The formation of strong labor unions E The continued growth of home labor and cottage industries
B
The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it A established the role of the federal government in internal improvements B strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions C made the invention of the steamboat economically viable D spurred innovation in the railroad industry E was the last major canal project before the Civil War
B
Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT A a tariff for the protection of industry B internal improvements at national government expense C sale of federal lands to finance higher education D greater reliance on domestic financial resources E increased trade among the sections of the nation
C
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt? A The sections of the United States should retain separate regional economies. B The farmers of the United States should switch to manufacturing jobs. C The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity. D The United States should never engage in foreign commerce.
C
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt? A Clay was seeking to discourage factory production to protect traditional artisans. B Clay's proposal would require the expansion of slavery to supply factory workers. C Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others. D Clay was seeking to encourage an increase in imports of British manufactured goods.
C
Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that A an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic B the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people C political participation by the common man should be increased D political rights should be granted to women E franchise restrictions should be radically neutral
C
Most young women who worked in the Lowell, Massachusetts, textile mills during the 1830s experienced all of the following EXCEPT A freedom from parental authority B long hours and periodic pay cuts C continued employment after marriage D demands upon their wages by their families E camaraderie with fellow workers
C
The map above shows the United States immediately following the A passage of the Northwest Ordinance B negotiation of the Adams-Onis Treaty C passage of the Missouri Compromise D settlement of the Mexican War E passage of the Compromise of 1850
C
Which of the following most directly contributed to the change over time depicted on the two maps? A The construction of a national highway system B The establishment of different time zones across the country C The building of canals and roads D The use of diesel engines
C
The change depicted on the maps most directly contributed to which of the following? A The drawing of a boundary line to discourage settlers from moving west of the Appalachians B The establishment of a national bank to promote more stability in financial transactions C The calls for the United States annexation of French and Spanish territories in the Mississippi River valley D The creation of more interconnected and efficient markets for consumer goods
D
Which of the following factors best explains the increase in White male suffrage in the early nineteenth century? A Reaction to widespread political protest B Resistance to increased federal taxation C Amendments to the United States Constitution D Changes to property ownership requirements
D
The Missouri Compromise was a victory for antislavery advocates because it A provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri B excluded slavery from all territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River C prohibited slavery from future territorial acquisitions D condemned the fugitive slave law E closed most of the Louisiana Purchase to slavery
E
The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? A Reaffirmed George Washington's goal of United States neutrality in the Americas. B Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secure the presidency in 1824. C Established the United States as the dominant economic power in South America. D Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes. E Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.
E