Apush ch 9&10 review

democratic party

A political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the presidential election of 1824.

Leader of the Federalists. First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Alexander Hamilton

Which of the following was an outcome of the American Industrial Revolution in the early nineteenth century?

American businesses soon dominated in many European markets

What American principal played a critical role in advancing technology in the early days of the American industrial revolution?

American ingenuity

Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of the textile industry in the United States?

American textile producers improved on British technology

(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.

Andrew Jackson

How did middle-class reformers attempt to overcome disorder and lawlessness among urban wage earners in early nineteenth-century America?

By forming regional and national organizations to institutionalize charity and combat crime systematically

economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system, and competitive markets.

Capitalism

who used power-driven machines to make parts for reaping machines

Cyrus McCormick

In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville wrote, "It is a constant fact that at the present day the ablest men in the United States are rarely placed at the head of affairs." To what did he attribute this phenomenon?

Democracy

Using his expertise in making hatpins, WHO built a simple machine in 1793 that separated the seeds in a cotton boll from the delicate fibers, work previously done slowly by hand?

Eli Whitney

Who toured British textile mills, secretly making detailed drawings of their power machinery.

Francis Cabot Lowell

Which of the following describes German immigrants who settled in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwestern states.

How did Thomas Jefferson respond to the development of American manufacturing by the 1820s?

He praised industrialization and expressed pride in American progress in manufacturing.

Which of the following describe John Tyler and his presidency?

He so angered Whigs that he was kicked out of the party while president

Why did Andrew Jackson veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

He thought it interfered with the rights of states and the liberties of the people

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.

Henry Clay

Which of the following was an outcome of the division of labor in early American shoe factories?

Increased the output of shoes

An act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi. Jackson insisted that his goal was to save the Indians and their culture. Indians resisted the controversial act, but in the end most were forced to comply

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Nativist fears were directed mostly at what group in early and mid-nineteenth-century America?

Irish immigrants

Describe the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America?

It brought workers together under one roof in a factory.

Hamilton's Financial Plan

It was created by Alexander Hamilton to stabilized the American economy. It consitsted of federal assumption of all debts, includign state and federal debts. Along with this, he proposed the chartering of the U.S. bank to help restore American credit.

(1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class. advocated for states rights

John C. Calhoun

The strong-willed chief of justice and cousin of Jefferson. He dominated the Supreme Court with his commanding personality and powerful intellect. He shaped the American legal tradition more profoundly than any other single figure. Also his decision regarding the Marbury vs. Madison affair spurred the Jeffersonians to fight back.

John Marshall

This man served as secretary of State under James Monroe before becoming the sixth president of the United States. A strong advocate of national finance and improvement, he faced opposition from states' rights advocates in the South and West. His controversial election—the allegedly "corrupt bargain" of 1824—and his lack of political acumen further hampered his presidential agenda.

John Quincy Adams

(1841-1845) His opinions on all the important issues had been forcefully stated, and he had only been chosen to balance the Whig ticket with no expectation he would ever have power. He was in favor of state's rights, and a strict interpretation of the constitution, he opposed protective tariffs, a national bank and internal improvements at national expense.

John Tyler

The concept that the price of a product should reflect the work required to make it is know as?

Labor Theory of Value

In the early 1800s, British textile manufacturers had which of the following advantages over their American competitors?

Large pool of cheap labor

Why did New York's state government fund the building of the Erie Canal in 1817?

Link Hudson River with Great Lakes

The most critical contribution American mechanics made to the Industrial Revolution was the development of which of the following?

Machine tools

How Did the spread of industrialization in The United States during the 1820s and 1830s affect skilled artisans?

Machines changed the nature of their work, shoe makers, printers, hatters, furniture makers, weavers faced declining income and loss of jobs.

(1837-1841) Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt

Martin Van Buren 1

Who is considered the first real politician, partly because he created the first statewide political machine?

Martin Van Buren 2

Which of the following characterizes patterns of immigration into the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

Most of the Irish who arrived in the United States were poverty-stricken peasants.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, American manufacturers main advantage over the British mills was that they had access to

Natural Resources, inexpensive energy provided by rivers and streams

who was an experienced American mechanic who copied machines and refined them and launched the first successful integrated cotton mill

Paul Moody

Roman Catholic immigration into the United States in the 1840s had which of the following effects?

Protestants' rejection of their new Catholic coworkers undercut trade unionism.

Which of the following replaced canals as the primary form of transportation in the United States in the nineteenth century?

Railroads

The fifth Chief Justice. him... and other justices appointed by Jackson favored the power of the states .

Roger B. Taney

Who built an assembly line to produce his inventions, the 6-shooter revolver

Samuel Colt

Who was the English immigrant who secretly brought the design of the most advanced British machinery for spinning cotton to America in 1789?

Samuel Slater

National Bank with multiple branches chartered in 1816 for twenty years. Intended to help regulate the economy, the bank became a major issue in Andrew Jackson's reelection campaign in 1832.

Second Bank of the United States

Panic of 1837

Second Major economic crisis of the United States which led to hard time from 1837- 1843

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government , owns and controls the means of production

Socialism

By the 1830's, coal and metal manufacturers increasingly used which of the following to run machinery?

Steam engines

This invention dramatically changed society as they were the first means of travelling upstream. It led to the creation of new towns and stimulated the economy, people could ship and receive goods easily and efficiently.

Steamboat

Which of the following Puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s?

The Protestant work ethic

How did the appearance of canals and steamboats in the United States affect the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?

The canals and steamboats cut in half most travel and communication time.

The construction of the Erie Canal had which of the following negative consequences?

The construction of the canal and its heavy use altered the ecology of the entire region.

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following?

The market revolution

Which of the following statements characterizes the American party system by the early 1840s?

The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge

Which of the following was the message of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, published in full in 1818?

The suggestion that an industrious man could become wealthy

Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806?

To link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states

The second national party, this Party arose in 1834 when a group of congressmen contested Andrew Jackson's policies and conduct. The party identified itself with Pre Revolutionary American and British Parties also called Whigs that had opposed the arbitrary actions of the British Monarchs.

Whigs

was Sec. of Treasury under James Monroe Presidency; and a canidate for Presidency in 1824 he represented the south in this election

William Crawford

Working Men's Parties and Unions

Working Men's Parties and Unions began springing up in the late 1820's in Philadelphia. Their goals revolved around making sure that working class people could share in the prosperity of the growing American economy. They wanted higher taxes on the rich and wanted publicly funded schools for their children. These Unions tried get rid of banks and bring about an economic transformation with worker's independence.

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?

by passing protective tariffs

what invention made cotton become a very profitable crop that also demanded a growing slave-labor force to harvest it.

cotton gin

By the 1830s, most laborers in the urban Northeast lived in which type of residences?

crowded boardinghouses and tiny apartments

Which concept promoted by the Second Great Awakening reinforced its push for societal reform?

free moral agency

In the U.S. Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832), John Marshall and the Court majority issued a decision that

held that Indian nations were "distinct political communities.. within which their authority is exclusive"

The construction of the Erie Canal, the first great engineering project in American history, was successful for which of the following reasons?

it increased the speed of shipping and travel while greatly lowering the cost

The constitutional argument advanced by John C. Calhoun that a state legislature or convention could void a law passed by congress.

nullification

merchants and artisans bought wool or flax from farmers and paid property less workers and land-poor farm families to spin it into yarn and weave it into cloth

outwork system

In the 1824 U.S. Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden, the Marshall Court's decision

overturned New York law that granted a monopoly on steamboat travel into New York City.

president martin van buren responded to the panic of 1837 by

president martin van Buren responded to the panic of 1837 by

Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as the Lowell system?

recruited farm girls and women to work in factories

On which issue was the Whig philosophy of the 1830s critically different from that of the Federalists in the 1790s?

rule by an elite based on talent

the ordinance of nullification was based on the belief that

states had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce

Through which of the following sources did the U.S. Treasury raise most of its revenue during the first half of the 1800s?

tariffs on imported goods

Working Men's Parties of the late 1820s and 1830s called for which of the following reforms?

the abolition of banks, fair taxation, and universal public education

Around the 1830s, what new form of manufacturing emerged in America?

the fabrication of metal products

Which of the following factors explained the rapid growth of western cities such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and New Orleans?

the role in their transportation networks

Which of these inventions spurred the growth of agriculture in the Midwest in the 1840s?

the steel plow

Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformations in early nineteenth-century America?

the temperance movement

the young women who worked in the New England textile mills in the 1820s and 1830s

were able to save their wages for later personal use or to help out their families back on the farm

Which of the following was an outcome of the rural outwork system of manufacturing in the 1820s and 1830s?

workers wages decreased