APUSH Chapter 22
100. For Southern blacks, emancipation following the Civil War meant all of the following except a. maintenance in the status quo ante of the social behavior and personal relations between white Southerners and freed blacks. b. the right to get married. c. the opportunity to form their own churches. d. the opportunity for an education.
A
107. The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as a. a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance. b. an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites. c. a valued partner in rebuilding the South. d. more helpful in the North than the South.
A
111. The political controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated a. the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress concerning the political conditions and terms of Reconstruction. b. the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats over Reconstruction issues. c. President Lincoln's desire for a harsh Reconstruction plan. d. that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
A
112. In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised a. rapid, straightforward, and readily achievable readmission of Southern states into the Union. b. former slaves the right to vote. c. the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power. d. severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders.
A
113. believed that the Southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore, "conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever economic and political terms Congress demanded. a. Congressional radical Republicans b. The Supreme Court c. President Lincoln d. President Johnson
A
114. President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction a. aimed at swift restoration of the Southern states after a few modest political conditions were met by the Southern states. b. guaranteed former slaves the right to vote. c. required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. d. abolished literacy tests for voting in the South.
A
117. To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that a. the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War and the North had sacrificed its young men in vain. b. blacks were unable to manage the transition to freedom autonomously. c. the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice. d. presidential Reconstruction was working effectively and swiftly.
A
120. For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states' quick restoration to the Union was that a. with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics and Democrats could possibly regain control of Congress in the near future. b. President Johnson would likely be defeated in the 1868 presidential election. c. the majority white South might be represented by black Congressmen. d. a high tariff might be reinstituted.
A
122. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed a. citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves. b. land for former slaves. c. voting rights for former Confederates who had previously served in the U.S. Army. d. education to former slaves.
A
138. could best be described as a. a secret terrorist organization seeking to subjugate and terrorize blacks in the South through violent means. b. the military arm of the southern Democratic party. c. a civic reform and service organization. d. a movement for openly protesting northern oppression.
A
103. From 1878 to 1880, some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi, known as "the Exodusters", were a. black church leaders who linked emancipation to the Book of Exodus. b. black migrants from the South to Northern cities. c. black freedmen who left the South to seek opportunity in Kansas. d. a political organization developed by the freedmen.
C
108. In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was a. a flawed but necessary agency. b. acceptable only because it also helped poor whites. c. a meddlesome federal agency in the South that should be killed. d. a potential source of Republican patronage jobs.
C
116. All of the following are true statements about the Black Codes except a. blacks were forced to work under labor contracts for little money for one year. b. blacks who fled their employers could be dragged back to work by a paid "Negro-catcher." c. they restricted the conditions under which blacks could legally marry. d. blacks who fled could be made to forfeit back wages or hired out to pay their fines.
C
125. In the 1866 congressional elections a. President Johnson conducted a highly successful "swing around the circle" campaign tour promoting his policies. b. radicals replaced moderates as the dominant Republican faction in Congress. c. voters endorsed the Republican congressional approach to Reconstruction. d. Republicans lost their majority control of Congress.
C
126. The root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was a. Johnson's underlying loyalty to the Democratic party. b. the president's former ownership of slaves. c. Johnson's "soft" conciliatory treatment of the white South clashed with the congressional emphasis of promoting black freedom and racial equality in the South by many Republicans in Congress. d. Johnson's "class-based" policies that favored poor whites over the white planter and manufacturing classes.
C
127. Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that a. federal military and political power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South. b. blacks should be the foundation of the Southern Republican party. c. freed slaves must be granted the right to vote. d. Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union.
C
133. Which of the following was not among the functions provided by the black Union League? a. Educating blacks in their civic duties b. Recruiting militias to protect black communities from white retaliation. c. Helping blacks migrate from the South to the North d. Building black churches and schools
C
134. Blacks in the South relied on the Union League to a. help them escape to the North during the Civil War. b. provide them with relief payments until the Freedmen's Bureau was established. c. educate them on their civic duties and campaign for Republican candidates. d. gain admittance to the Union Army.
C
137. Political corruption during Reconstruction was a. primarily the fault of white carpetbaggers and scalawags. b. located in the North. c. common in both North and South. d. almost entirely conducted by blacks.
C
142. A group of Kentucky blacks provided what description of the KKK in an 1871 letter to Congress? a. The KKK members forced blacks to use separate accommodations from whites. b. The KKK dragged black men to testify positively on behalf of whites. c. The KKK rode through towns at night, robbing, whipping, ravishing and killing blacks. d. The KKK had especially targeted black farmers and land-owners.
C
143. The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his a. veto of the Reconstruction Act of 1867. b. readmission of Southern states without seriously reconstructing them. c. dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act. d. veto of the Freedmen's Bureau bill.
C
146. In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he a. signed a mutual defense treaty with Great Britain. b. recognized the independent republic of Hawaii. c. purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. d. acquired the former Dominican Republic as an American territory.
C
96. The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that a. most were sentenced to prison for life. b. several were executed for treason. c. after brief jail terms, all were pardoned in 1868. d. they were immediately returned to citizenship and full civil rights.
C
124. Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 prompted Congress to seek passage of a. the Thirteenth Amendment. b. an extension of the Freedmen's Bureau. c. an act to overturn the Black Codes. d. the Fourteenth Amendment.
D
101. All of the following reveal the various ways southern blacks responded to the prospect of emancipation except a. some slaves remained loyal to plantation masters and resisted the liberating Union armies. b. some slaves insisted that whites address them as "Mr." or "Mrs." c. some slaves beat former masters with the same whips formerly used on them. d. some slaves claimed sections of plantation land as their own.
D
102. In 1865, following the conclusion of the Civil War, a. Southern whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to secede and win Southern independence. b. Southern whites rapidly turned their slaves into fairly paid, free labor employees. c. Southern blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters. d. Southern blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
D
105. The Freedmen's Bureau was established to do all of the following except a. provide education that would help close the gap between blacks and whites. b. provide food, clothing, and medical care to slave refugees. c. settle former slaves with forty-acre tracts confiscated from Confederates. d. relocate blacks West or force them into labor contracts with former masters.
D
105. was established to do all of the following except a. provide education that would help close the gap between blacks and whites. b. provide food, clothing, and medical care to slave refugees. c. settle former slaves with forty-acre tracts confiscated from Confederates. d. relocate blacks West or force them into labor contracts with former masters.
D
110. As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as a(n) a. supporter of the planter aristocrats. b. opponent of slavery. c. inspiring and calmly eloquent speaker. d. champion of the poor whites.
D
119. The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open in February 1866 was a. passage of the Pacific Railroad Act. b. the creation of the sharecropping system. c. the attempt to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. d. Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.
D
121. The first and only ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was a. Virginia. b. Georgia. c. North Carolina. d. Tennessee.
D
129. The last of the Reconstruction era amendments to pass was the a. Eighteenth b. Thirteenth. c. Fourteenth. d. Fifteenth.
D
130. Many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because they a. gave white women but not black women the right to vote. b. failed to give women the right to serve on juries. c. contained restrictions on ex-Confederates but not on male supremacists. d. gave national citizenship rights and voting rights to African American males but not to white nor to black women.
D
131. Feminist leaders such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony campaigned against Fourteenth Amendment a. despite having worked wholeheartedly for the cause of emancipation. b. because a citizen's right to vote was defined constitutionally as being limited to male citizens. c. despite being urged by their former ally, Frederick Douglass, to support the Fourteenth Amendment in order to enshrine black civil rights into the Constitution. d. All of these choices are correct.
D
132. Which of these is not a true statement about women's rights activists during the Civil War and Reconstruction eras? a. Female activists saw the struggle for black freedom and women's rights as one in the same. b. During the war, many women's rights leaders worked for black emancipation, first and foremost. c. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony sought to have the word "sex" added to the Fifteenth Amendment. d. Women's rights activists campaigned in support of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments.
D
135. During Reconstruction, African American women in the South assumed new political roles, which included all of the following except a. participating in black church life. b. monitoring state constitutional conventions. c. participating in political rallies. d. voting in state and local elections.
D
139. The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except a. "keep blacks in their place"; that is, subservient to whites. b. prevent blacks from voting. c. keep white "carpetbaggers" from voting. d. support the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871.
D
141. Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the Ku Klux Klan, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of a. driving the Union Army out of the South. b. preventing blacks from migrating to the West or North. c. keeping white carpetbaggers from voting. d. intimidating blacks and undermining them politically.
D
144. Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges ultimately because a. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton aided Johnson's defense by spying on congressional prosecutors. b. radical Republicans recognized that Johnson's successor would be worse. c. Johnson promised to reverse his Reconstruction policies and adopt all of the radical Republicans' positions. d. sufficient numbers of Republican senators recognized that the impeachment charges were legally dubious and politically charged and voted "not guilty."
D
145. All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson except a. opposition to abusing the constitutional system of checks and balances. b. concern about the high-tariff, soft-money, and pro-labor views of radical Republican Benjamin Wade who would become president if President Johnson were convicted by the Senate. c. fears of creating a politically destabilizing and uncertain period of time in the nation. d. President Johnson promised not to run for president in 1868 if acquitted.
D
147. Reconstruction might have been more successful if a. Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted b. the U.S. Army had more quickly suppressed the Ku Klux Klan. c. control of the South had been returned to Southerners much sooner. d. the federal government had not passed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
A
97. In the postwar South a. the economy and social structure was utterly devastated. b. poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery. c. the much-feared inflation never materialized. d. industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish.
A
98. At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners a. still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just. b. were ready to plan a future uprising against the United States. c. declared themselves citizens of their states but not of the United States. d. enthusiastically adopted the federal government in Washington, D.C. as "our government."
A
106. The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in a. providing "forty acres and a mule" to freed blacks. b. educating former slaves. c. the provision of food and clothing. d. securing black civil rights, preventing lynchings, and ensuring voting rights.
B
109. Andrew Johnson had been put on Lincoln's ticket as vice president in his second term a. to appeal to Union soldiers and radical Republicans. b. to appeal to War Democrats and pro-Union southerners. c. as a safe choice in case Lincoln died in office. d. as a poor white who balanced Lincoln's aristocratic background.
B
115. The main purpose of the Black Codes was to a. guarantee freedom for the blacks. b. ensure a stable and subservient labor supply. c. prevent interracial sex and marriage. d. prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
B
118. The Black Codes provided for all of the following except a. a ban on jury service by blacks. b. a restriction against black migration from the South. c. a bar on blacks from renting land. d. fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts.
B
123. The Fourteenth Amendment a. failed to confer any civil rights, including citizenship on the freedmen. b. prohibited from federal and state office those former Confederates who as federal officeholders had once sworn to uphold the U.S. Constitution. c. guaranteed the freedmen the right to vote. d. met all the political demands of the radical Republicans.
B
128. Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when a. the South accepted the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. b. the last federal troops were removed in 1877 and a "solid" Democratic South became politically institutionalized. c. President Johnson was not reelected in 1868. d. blacks showed they could defend their civil rights adequately in state courts and legislatures without federal congressional and military intervention.
B
136. Radical Reconstruction state governments in the South a. were uniformly incompetent and accomplished little in the way of social reforms or economic development. b. passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms such as establishing adequate public schools and launching public works. c. were significantly more corrupt than Northern state governments. d. had all of their social and economic reforms repealed by the all-white "redeemer governments" in the South
B
140. A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was a. hostility to the growing practice of interracial sexual relations and marriage. b. white resistance in the South to constitutional and federal legislative attempts to empower blacks politically and challenge white supremacy. c. the southern desire to instigate guerrilla warfare against the occupying U.S. Army. d. political disenfranchisement experienced by poor whites in the South.
B
99. Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War a. meant that the church would not become the focus of black community life. b. caused large numbers to migrate immediately after the war to the big cities in the South to search for work opportunities. c. caused whole communities of Southern blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi to migrate westward to territories and states such as Kansas for better job opportunities. d. was achieved without the use of Union soldiers.
C