apush era 6 mcq

The People's (Populist) Party emerged most directly in response to which of the following late-nineteenth-century trends? a The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy b The efforts of businesses to gain control over markets and resources abroad c The development of political machines d The influx of migrants from Asia and southern and eastern Europe

a The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy

The greatest priority of western railroad development as illustrated above was to a open new markets. b consolidate into larger trusts. c promote government power in the region. d remove American Indians from western lands.

a open new markets.

The nineteenth-century temperance movement laid the foundation for which of the following? a Twenty-second and Twenty-third Amendments b Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments c Twentieth and Twenty-first Amendments d Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments

b Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendment

Which of the following groups or movements most opposed the process illustrated above? a Trusts b Populists c Social Darwinists d Republicans

b Populists

the image above most clearly epitomized the Gilded Age focus on a labor reform. b consumption. c utopianism. d business consolidation.

b consumption.

Which of the following provided the strongest justification for the practices shown in the image? a Manifest Destiny b Romantic belief in human perfectibility c Social Darwinism d Socialism and utopianism

c Social Darwinism

*picture of a conductor evicting a black man from a first-class coach* The argument against the Plessy v. Ferguson decision by the Supreme Court in 1896 was based on which of the following? a 14TH Amendment b 17th Amendment c 15th Amendment d 16th Amendment

a 14TH Amendment

*graph of food prices, fuel and lighting prices, and cost of living index lowering from 1870-1899* Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend depicted on American society as a whole? a American standard of living generally increased as real wages increased and cost of food declined. b American standard of living declined as the gap between the rich and the poor vastly increased. c The standard of living increased for all Americans due to better diets and living conditions. d The standard of living declined for some immigrant families as they struggled to compete in an increasingly global marketplace.

a American standard of living generally increased as real wages increased and cost of food declined.

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the Populist Party? a Industrialists b Sharecroppers c Immigrants d Bankers

b Sharecropper

The cartoon suggests that the disparate groups that favored the People's (Populist) Party typically shared which of the following a The idea that wealthy people had some obligation to help people living in poverty b Advocacy of individual rights c Support for United States expansionism d Belief in a stronger federal government role in the United States economic system

d Belief in a stronger federal government role in the United States economic system

Which of the following led to the image depicted in the painting above? a Corporations encouraged increased leisure time due to increased production capacity. b Large Chinese populations carried sporting traditions of boxing with them to America. c Political machines urged factory workers to raise campaign money through gambling. d Growth of the middle class due to an expanding clerical and mangerial staff for large corporations.

a Corporations encouraged increased leisure time due to increased production capacity

Let us know the modern city in its weakness and wickedness, and then seek to rectify and purify it until it shall be free at least from the grosser temptations which now beset the young people who are living in its tenement houses and working in its factories." - Excerpt from Jane Addams, The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets, 1909. Which of the following groups did the most to improve the lives of recent immigrants through settlement houses? a Unionized factory workers b Middle class women c Wealthy philantropists d Urban political machines

b Middle class women

The image of "Woman's holy war" most directly reflects which of the following? a the boycotting of imported goods by patriotic American women during the Spanish-American War b the involvement of many nineteenth-century American women in the movement to ban alcohol c the participation of some nineteenth-century American women in military service d the influence of nineteenth-century religious revivals on American women

b the involvement of many nineteenth-century American women in the movement to ban alcohol

American farming is growing less profitable and less encouraging. In a country possessing so many faculties of cheap production this discouraging aspect of agriculture must be and is the result of other than natural causes. The annual additions of wealth under the enlightened system of agriculture are enormous, but from the unequal divisions of the profits of labor and the unjust discriminations made against it, the enlistments of property show that the farmers of the United States are not prospering...The farmers of America have on all occasions shown themselves to be a patient and enduring people..." 13th National Meeting of the Grange, 1868 Which of the following reasons led to the formation of the Grange? a The rise of industrialization b Discontentment with the railroads c The New South d Indians encroaching upon the land

b Discontentment with the railroads

This political cartoon most directly reflects a government support of big business b poltiical corruption and graft in city politics c how new immigrants changed American culture d opportunities for economic advancement in a city

b poltiical corruption and graft in city politics

*picture of A conductor evicting a black man from a first-class coach* The image most directly reflects which of the following? a the nativist fear of foreigners in nineteenth-century America b the establishment of racial segregation in the post-Reconstruction South c the prosperity of black merchants in the New South d the capture of a fugitive slave in antebellum Massachusetts

b the establishment of racial segregation in the post-Reconstruction South

Let us know the modern city in its weakness and wickedness, and then seek to rectify and purify it until it shall be free at least from the grosser temptations which now beset the young people who are living in its tenement houses and working in its factories." - Excerpt from Jane Addams, The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets, 1909. Which of the following would have been most likely to support Jane Addam's view expressed in the excerpt? a John Muir b Know-Nothing Party c Jacob Riis d Andrew Carnegie

c Jacob Riis

(map showing immigration rates across nation) Late 19th-century urban immigrants identified in the map above most commonly relied on support from a the federal government. b nativists. c settlement houses. d the philanthropy of business leaders.

c settlement houses.

The sentiments of the image above are most clearly a continuation of what event or processes below? a The civil rights movement to protect the civil liberties of former slaves after the Civil War. b Technological change and modernization of the early 20th century. c Women's involvement in the reforms movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening. d Progressive movements to address social problems associated with an industrial society.

d Progressive movements to address social problems associated with an industrial society.

"Wall Street owns the country. It is no longer a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, but a government of Wall Street, by Wall Street, and for Wall Street. ... The [political] parties lie to us and the political speakers mislead us. We were told two years ago to go to work and raise a big crop, that was all we needed. We went to work and plowed and planted; the rains fell, the sun shone, nature smiled, and we raised the big crop that they told us to; and what came of it? Eight-cent corn, ten-cent oats, two-cent beef and no price at all for butter and eggs-that's what came of it. The politicians said we suffered from overproduction. Overproduction, when 10,000 little children, so statistics tell us, starve to death every year in the United States..." Mary Elizabeth Lease 1890. "Wall Street Owns The Country" Which group below would be the most supportive of the sentiments expressed in the passage above in the 1890s? a Republicans b Populists c Democrats d Socialists

B) Populists

"The President of the United States...hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof...is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes...to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section; To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section... Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made...who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States." The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 During the late 19th century, western Native American life was most affected by a post-Civil War migrations of whites. b evangelical missions. c alliances among Indian nations. d generous treaties.

a post-Civil War migrations of whites.

Acontinuation of the policies alluded to in the cartoon would best be exemplified by a Supreme Court decisions that applied the Sherman Anti-trust Act to unions when the efforts of organized labor resulted in "restraint of trade" b Deregulation of the telecommunications industry in the 1980s to increase competition and lower prices for all consumers. c Governmental efforts to break up monopolistic giants such as the American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) company or Standard Oil d Rulings of the Supreme Court that applied to protections of the 14th amendment to corporations.

c. Governmental efforts to break up monopolistic giants such as the American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) company or Standard Oil

"New York is, I firmly believe, the most charitable city in the world. Nowhere is there so eager a readiness to help. When it is known that the help is worthily wanted; nowhere are such armies of devoted workers, nowhere such abundance of means ready to the hand of those who know the need and how rightly to supply it. Its poverty, its slums, and its suffering are the result of unprecedented growth with the consequent disorder and crowding, and the common penalty of metropolitan greatness....The Day Nurseries, the numberless Kindergartens and charitable schools in the poor quarters, the Fresh Air Funds, the thousands and one charities that in one way or another reach the homes and the lives of the poor with sweetening touch..." Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890 Which 19th-century reform movement was most closely associated with the activities described above? a Conservation b Populism c Social Darwinism d The Social Gospel

d The Social Gospel

"...They buried him in the midst of a marble quarry—they cut through solid marble to make his grave—and yet a little tombstone they put above him was from Vermont. They buried him in the heart of a pine forest, and yet the pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati...the iron in the shovel that dug his grave was imported from Pittsburg. They buried him by the side of the best sheep-grazing country on earth...and the coffin bands were brought from the North. The South didn't furnish a thing on earth for that funeral but the corpse and the hole in the ground..." Henry Grady, 1889 Which is true of the point of view expressed by the author in the excerpt? a A person does not think of all the resources and where they come from when burying someone. b The South needs to industrialize and make its own products. c Labor unions need to be created in the South to encourage industrialization. d Farmers need to join together to prevent further abuses of sharecropping and tenant farming

b The South needs to industrialize and make its own products.

(map showing immigration rates across nation) The Impact of Immigration Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 564. Reprinted by permission. Between 1880 and 1900, the largest group of immigrants to the United States came from a Latin America. b southern and eastern Europe. c Africa. d northern and western Europe.

b southern and eastern Europe.

Which of the following was most likely a significant cause of the sentiments depicted in the cartoon above? a Environmentalist lobbying for greater conservation of natural resources. b Progressive action to investigate political corruption in the early 20th century. c Corporate consolidation and abuse of power during the Gilded Age. d Demand by Progressive reformers to create a stronger financial regulatory system.

c Corporate consolidation and abuse of power during the Gilded Age.

"Article 2: [T]he United States now solemnly agrees that no persons . . . shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in . . . this reservation for the use of said Indians. "Article 6: If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select . . . a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent. "Article 11: [T]he tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside their reservations . . . but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. . . . They will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains. . . . They will not attack any persons at home, or traveling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States." Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, agreed between the United States government and various bands of the Sioux nation, 1868 Which of the following contributed to reducing the conflict that article 11 and similar provisions of other treaties were designed to address? a The rerouting of several major railroads to avoid tribal lands b The implementation of government conservation policies that protected large areas of public land c The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo d A decrease in the number of White settlers traveling near reservations

The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo

Which of the following would the artist of the political cartoon above be most concerned with? a Business interests were conflicting with the public interest which compromised public officeholders and increased corruption in government. b Although the standard of living for many Americans did increase during this time period, the gap between the rich and the poor was too great. c New business structures allowed for the diversity of the U.S. economy that protected American industry from economic panics. d Business leaders and policymakers were too concerned with consolidated corporations and international trade than the will of the average American.

a Business interests were conflicting with the public interest which compromised public officeholders and increased corruption in government.

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the tract of land in the Territories of Montana and Wyoming, ... is hereby reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, or sale under the laws of the United States, and dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people; and all persons who shall locate or settle upon or occupy the same, or any part thereof, except as hereinafter provided, shall be considered trespassers and removed therefrom. SEC 2. That said public park shall be under the exclusive control of the Secretary of the Interior, whose duty it shall be, as soon as practicable, to make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper for the care and management of the same. Such regulations shall provide for the preservation, from injury or spoliation, of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition." --Forty-Second U.S. Congress, Act Establishing Yellowstone National Park, 1872 Which was a more common notion of land conservation in the late 19th century, compared to the general idea reflected in the above legislation? a Land should be protected for careful public management of the natural resources. b Land should be protected the sake of preserving the natural beauty and ecology. c Preservation was a private endeavor, not a public one. d Only development on land limited in water resources should be restricted.

a Land should be protected for careful public management of the natural resources.

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the tract of land in the Territories of Montana and Wyoming, ... is hereby reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, or sale under the laws of the United States, and dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people; and all persons who shall locate or settle upon or occupy the same, or any part thereof, except as hereinafter provided, shall be considered trespassers and removed therefrom. SEC 2. That said public park shall be under the exclusive control of the Secretary of the Interior, whose duty it shall be, as soon as practicable, to make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper for the care and management of the same. Such regulations shall provide for the preservation, from injury or spoliation, of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition." --Forty-Second U.S. Congress, Act Establishing Yellowstone National Park, 1872 Which group most expressed similar concerns as the preservationists in the 19th century over the impact of capitalist enterprises on the natural environment? a Romantics who believed in human perfectability b Protestant evangelicals c Those who promoted science d Southern romantic aristocrats

a Romantics who believed in human perfectability

"There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white--it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together." The Jungle, Upton Sinclair 1906 The creation of which federal agency below was most directly inspired by Sinclair's work in The Jungle? a The Food and Drug Administration b The Bureau of Health and Human Services c The Environmental Protection Agency d The Department of Justice

a The Food and Drug Administration

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the a increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes b increase in urban populations, including immigrant workers attracted by a growing industrial economy c westward migration of groups seeking religious refuge d opening of a new frontier in recently annexed territory

a increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes

"There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white--it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together." The Jungle, Upton Sinclair 1906 The practices described in the excerpt above most directly led to a violent strikes in the meatpacking industry as workers for more sanitary working conditions b Progressive urban and middle-class Americans advocating a greater role for government in regulating industry in the United States c the rise of the "People's Party" to fight corporate greed in the meatpacking industry d greater acceptance of muckraking journalists like Upton Sinclair in mainstream media.

b Progressive urban and middle-class Americans advocating a greater role for government in regulating industry in the United States

"The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of theWorst, in their own and other races. Now the training of men is a difficult and intricate task. Its technique is a matter for educational experts, but its object is for the vision of seers. If we make money the object of man-training, we shall develop money-makers but not necessarily men; if we make technical skill the object of education, we may possess artisans but not, in nature, men. Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools —intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it." W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Talented Tenth," 1903 The perspective expressed in the excerpt most directly supported the national expansion of a exams for civil service jobs b access to higher education c vocational job training d financial aid for college

b access to higher education

"Article 2: [T]he United States now solemnly agrees that no persons . . . shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in . . . this reservation for the use of said Indians. "Article 6: If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select . . . a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent. "Article 11: [T]he tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside their reservations . . . but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. . . . They will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains. . . . They will not attack any persons at home, or traveling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States." Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, agreed between the United States government and various bands of the Sioux nation, 1868 the conflict between the Sioux nation and the United States was primarily driven by differing a forms of government b claims to land c family structures d styles of farming

b claims to land

"There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes; but in this we have the true antidote for the temporary unequal distribution of wealth, the reconciliation of the rich and the poor—a reign of harmony. . . .Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good; and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow-citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," 1889 "The temporary unequal distribution of wealth" that Carnegie refers to in the excerpt resulted most directly from the a efforts by workers to organize local and national unions b consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies c government policy of reducing tariffs to promote free trade d growth of cities in both size and number

b consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies

"The President of the United States...hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof...is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes...to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section; To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section... Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made...who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States." The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 The primary goal of the government policy cited above was to a promote a larger reservation system. b end tribal identities. c respond to military resistance by Indians. d launch new treaties with Indians.

b end tribal identities.

"To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimated the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I say: 'Cast down your bucket where you are'—cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded....To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race, 'Cast down your bucket where you are.' Cast it down among the eight million of Negroes whose habits you know." Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address, 1885 A decade after the speech above, segregation polices were reinforced by a the president. b the Supreme Court. c monopolies and corporate interests. d Congress.

b the Supreme Court. think plessy v ferguson

*picture of woman protesting for "self government, sign that says Kaiser Wilson" The call for self-government called for on the banner pictured above was accomplished in the United States as a the Supreme Court ruled that denying women the right to vote was unconstitutional in 1920 b One state at a time slowly gave women the right to vote in the early 20th century. c A constitutional amendment prohibited any state to deny the right to vote on account of sex. d Congress passed legislation granting women the right to vote in federal elections in 1935.

c A constitutional amendment prohibited any state to deny the right to vote on account of sex.

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 Muir's position regarding wilderness was most strongly opposed by which of the following? a Members of the Progressive movement b Urban political bosses c Companies involved in natural resource extraction d American Indians living on reservations

c Companies involved in natural resource extraction

*picture similar to this* Which area of the United States offered the most amount of new cultural opportunities such as that depicted above? a California and western mountain towns b Rural plains c Large east coast cities d Southern cities such as Atlanta

c Large east coast cities

The painting by George Bellows above best demonstrates which of the following developments in American society during the Gilded Age? a Large urban cities were hubs for entertainment venues due to the increased immigrant populations. b Middle class settlement house workers and temperance movement workers sharply criticized the violence of boxing. c New sports such as football, boxing and basketball developed as Americans had more leisure time. d Entertainments like boxng became the sport of the wealthy philanthropists.

c New sports such as football, boxing and basketball developed as Americans had more leisure time.

"I believe that progressivism was a radical movement thought not by the common measures of economic and political radicalism...Progressives were radical in their conviction that other social classes must be transformed and in their boldness in going about the business of that transformation...The sweep of progressivism was remarkable but because the progressive agenda was so often carried out in settlement houses, churches, and school rooms, in rather unassuming day-to-day activities the essential audacity of the enterprise can be missed. Progressivism demanded a social transformation that remains at once profoundly impressive and profoundly disturbing a century later." - Michael McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in American, 1870 - 1920. 2003. Which of the following activities from the middle of the 19th century most closely resembles the Progressive Era reform that McGerr describes? a Removal of American Indians from the Southeast to the West b Calls for the annexation of Texas c Participation by women in moral reform efforts d Efforts by natives to restrict immigration

c Participation by women in moral reform efforts

"We demand a graduated income tax.... Transportation being a means of exchange and a public necessity, the government should own and operate the railroads.... The land, including all the natural sources of wealth, is the heritage of the people, and should not be monopolized for speculative purposes, and alien ownership of land should be prohibited.... [W]e demand a free ballot and a fair count...to every legal voter.... [W]e favor a constitutional provision limiting the office of President and Vice-President to one term, and providing for the election of Senators of the United States by a direct vote of the people." People's (Populist) Party platform, 1892 The ideas of the Populist Party, as expressed in the excerpt, had the most in common with the ideas of the a Civil Rights movement b Whigs in the 1830s c Progressive movement d Federalists in the 1790s

c Progressive movement

"If we do not follow the most scientific approved methods, the most modern discoveries of how to conserve and propagate and renew wherever possible those resources which Nature in her providence has given to man for his use but not abuse, the time will come when the world will not be able to support life, and then we shall have no need of conservation of health, strength, or vital force because we must have the things to support life or everything else is useless. . . . [D]o not forget that the conservation of life itself must be built on the solid foundation of conservation of natural resources, or it will be a house built upon the sands that will be washed away." Marion Crocker, General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1912 Based on the excerpt, Marion Crocker was most likely a an advocate for African American civil rights b an advocate for an expansion of the New Deal c a Progressive Era reformer d a member of the Populist Party

c a Progressive Era reformer

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the right of way through the public lands be, and the same is hereby, granted to said company for the construction of said railroad and telegraph line; and the right, power, and authority is hereby given to said company to take from the public lands adjacent to the line of said road earth, stone, timber, and other materials for the construction thereof; said right of way is granted to said railroad to the extent of two hundred feet in width on each side of said railroad where it may pass over the public lands, including all necessary grounds for stations, buildings, workshops, and depots, machine shops, switches, side tracks, turntables, and water stations. The United States shall extinguish as rapidly as may be the Indian titles to all lands falling under the operation of this act and required for the said right of way and grants hereafter made. Pacific Railway Act Besides the building of this railroad, the federal government took what other steps to attract settlers to the west? a Cleared out Native Americans from the prime territory in the west. b Initiated an assimilation policy to control the Native Americans. c Created a policy so that citizens purchased federal land only with gold or silver. d Created programs to give away land to settlers, if they agreed

d Created programs to give away land to settlers, if they agreed

"DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Washington, December 2, 1882 SIR: I desire to call your attention to what I regard as a great hindrance to the civilization of the Indians, viz, the continuance of the old heathenish dances, such as the sun-dance, scalp-dance, & c. These dances, or feasts, as they are sometimes called, ought, in my judgment, to be discontinued, and if the Indians now supported by the Government are not willing to discontinue them, the agents should be instructed to compel such discontinuance. These feasts or dances are not social gatherings for the amusement of these people, but, on the contrary, are intended and calculated to stimulate the warlike passions of the young warriors of the tribe." -- Office of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Code of Indian Offenses, 1883 What was the intended larger effect of the implementation of policies such as that being suggested in the above excerpt? a Reinstatement of American Indian sovereignty rights b Discontinuance of American Indian spiritual revivalism c Formal American Indian recognition of white cultural superiority d Destruction of American Indian tribal culture

d Destruction of American Indian tribal culture

"To begin with, then, I should say that more than two-thirds of the negroes of the town where I live are menial servants of one kind or another, and besides that more than two-thirds of the negro women here, whether married or single, are compelled to work for a living,--as nurses, cooks, washerwomen, chambermaids, seamstresses, hucksters, janitresses, and the like. I will say, also, that the condition of this vast host of poor colored people is just as bad as, if not worse than, it was during the days of slavery. Tho today we are enjoying a nominal freedom, we are literally slaves... Of course, nothing is being done to increase our wages, and the way things are going at the present it would seem that nothing could be done to cause an increase of wages. .... So that, the truth is, we have to work for little or nothing, or become vagrants! And that, of course, in this State would mean that we would be arrested, tried, and dispatched to the "State Farm," where we would surely have to work for nothing or be beaten with many stripes!" "More Slavery at the South," by an African American Nurse, independent A large number of African Americans in the South worked in what occupation after the Civil War? a Independent farmers b Strikebreakers c Factory workers d Sharecroppers

d Sharecroppers

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in Americans' views of the natural environment? a The idea that wilderness areas are worthy subjects for artistic works b The idea that wilderness areas serve as evidence of divine creation c The idea that mountainous scenery is more picturesque and beautiful than flat terrain d The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state

d The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state

"Article 2: [T]he United States now solemnly agrees that no persons . . . shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in . . . this reservation for the use of said Indians. "Article 6: If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select . . . a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent. "Article 11: [T]he tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside their reservations . . . but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. . . . They will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains. . . . They will not attack any persons at home, or traveling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States." Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, agreed between the United States government and various bands of the Sioux nation, 1868 Which of the following was typical of agreements such as the Fort Laramie Treaty between the United States government and American Indians in the post-Civil War West? a They generally led to the formation of strong, independent American Indian nations. b They frequently led to the formation of a common interest between the United States government and American Indians in controlling the activities of White settlers. c They led to the abandonment of most reservations as American Indian families sought economic opportunities in urban areas. d They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations.

d They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations.

"The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of theWorst, in their own and other races. Now the training of men is a difficult and intricate task. Its technique is a matter for educational experts, but its object is for the vision of seers. If we make money the object of man-training, we shall develop money-makers but not necessarily men; if we make technical skill the object of education, we may possess artisans but not, in nature, men. Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools —intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it." W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Talented Tenth," 1903 The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to the a persistence of economic discrimination based on race b expansion of legal segregation by the Supreme Court c large-scale African American migration to northern cities d emergence of organizations pursuing equality for African Americans

d emergence of organizations pursuing equality for African Americans

This political cartoon was intended to a highlight the influence of money in the late 19th century on urban populations. b demonstrate that people can get wealthy by using their brain c criticize the work of Progressive reformers in promoting greater political participation in the direct primary elections and conventions d expose corruption in New York City's government.

d expose corruption in New York City's government.

Between 1860 and 1900, railroads in the United States were a subject to laissez-faire treatment by government. b given government subsidies to open new markets. c nearly shut down by labor unrest and strikes. d resistant to the consolidation of corporate power.

d resistant to the consolidation of corporate power.

"I believe that progressivism was a radical movement thought not by the common measures of economic and political radicalism...Progressives were radical in their conviction that other social classes must be transformed and in their boldness in going about the business of that transformation...The sweep of progressivism was remarkable but because the progressive agenda was so often carried out in settlement houses, churches, and school rooms, in rather unassuming day-to-day activities the essential audacity of the enterprise can be missed. Progressivism demanded a social transformation that remains at once profoundly impressive and profoundly disturbing a century later." - Michael McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in American, 1870 - 1920. 2003. Which of the following movements from the period of 1870 to 1920 would most directly support McGerr's argument in the excerpt above? a The movement by the federal government to conserve and protect environmental resources b The movement to protect consumers from unfair practices by businesses c the movement by good-government advocates, who sought to eliminate public corruption d the movement for temperance and Prohibition, which sought to limit consumption of alcohol

d the movement for temperance and Prohibition, which sought to limit consumption of alcohol

The pattern depicted in the graph in the first half of the nineteenth century most directly resulted in a the formation of a political party that promoted nativism b federal provision of financial assistance to immigrants c the establishment of settlement houses d a more unified national culture that embraced immigrants

the formation of a political party that promoted nativism