apush final exam
Approximately how many Union and Confederate soldiers died during the Civil War? 110,000. 245,000. 440,000. 750,000. 988,000.
750,000.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: did not believe "every man" had the right to make a comfortable living. called for the repeal of Prohibition. was born into privilege, but earned a reputation as representing ordinary citizens. became a symbol of inspiration to many Americans who saw his confinement to a wheelchair as a strength. B and C
B and C
On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state? In all its details, he thought it indistinguishable from National Socialism. The American consumer economy, he thought, lacked the complexity that required economic planning. He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties. He reasoned that economic planning during the war had almost cost the United States its victory. He worried that the New Deal would eventually assist African-Americans in achieving equality
He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties.
Which was NOT part of the Populist platform? A graduated income tax. Direct election of U.S. senators. Government ownership of railroads. Higher tariffs. Workers' right to form unions.
Higher tariffs.
Which institution was hardest hit by the Redeemers once they assumed power in the South? Churches. Public schools. Mental health facilities. Jails. Sharecropping
Public schools.
Starting in 1863, why did Frederick Douglas believe that African-Americans should serve as soldiers in the Union army? They needed to take ownership of their freedom. They were better equipped physically to fight. They needed a paying job. It was the best way to gain revenge on slaveholders. They could work well as spies, infiltrating large plantations
They needed to take ownership of their freedom.
What did the members of the new United Nations Security Council all have in common? They all were in control of nuclear bombs. They were all part of the allies that won World War II. They were the wealthiest nations at the time. They all had suffered the least casualties and financial losses during the war. They all were western industrialized nations.
They were all part of the allies that won World War II.
What happened to Cherokee slaveholders after the Civil War? They were slaughtered. They were forced to leave the United States. They were forced to give former slaves some of their land. They were forced to march to Oklahoma. They had land given to them by the federal government
They were forced to give former slaves some of their land.
During Freedom Summer: very few white college students participated. only black activists participated in the voter registration campaign. signers of the Southern Manifesto launched a campaign against integration. a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi. there was little violence.
a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi.
Wilson's Fourteen Points included all of the following principles EXCEPT: an end to colonization. self-determination for all nations. freedom of the seas. open diplomacy. free trade.
an end to colonization.
Radical feminists: argued that "the personal is political." argued that mothers should be freed of economic responsibilities. were led by Betty Friedan. focused on legal gender discrimination. wanted to protect the sanctity of marriage.
argued that "the personal is political."
In 1963 during the Birmingham civil rights demonstrations, firemen: assaulted young demonstrators with high-pressure hoses. kept the peace with their tanker trucks as blockades. served as extra drivers for the police taking demonstrators to jail. extinguished fires set by Ku Klux Klan members. served as moderators between Martin Luther King Jr.'s SCLC and Birmingham's businessmen.
assaulted young demonstrators with high-pressure hoses.
The Platt Amendment: recognized Cuban autonomy. granted independence to Puerto Rico. limited the U.S. presence in the Philippines. authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba. declared Cuba a colony of the United States.
authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba.
The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision: created a woman's constitutional right to an abortion. was the least controversial piece of the rights revolution. provoked little opposition. declared school prayer was unconstitutional. legalized birth control.
created a woman's constitutional right to an abortion.
General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to: link up with Grant's army. engage Lee in battle. demoralize the South's civilian population. secure Richmond for the Union. free Union prisoners at Andersonville.
demoralize the South's civilian population.
The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863: was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court later that year. did not apply to the border slave states that had not seceded. freed slaves throughout the United States. was very popular with voters associated with the Democratic Party. was cited by Tennessee as the reason it rejoined the Union in 1864.
did not apply to the border slave states that had not seceded.
In the Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan: focused on the plight of working-class women. emphasized the role of child rearing for women. focused on the discontents of middle-class women. focused on the particular plight of black women. emphasized the role women played in the antiwar movement.
focused on the discontents of middle-class women.
The severe depression of 1893: was quickly over, and the economy was soon booming. caused little, if any, hardship. affected only factory workers. was a period in which labor and capital looked for compromise. led to increased conflict between capital and labor.
led to increased conflict between capital and labor.
The Zimmermann Telegram: helped assure Americans that Germany was not a threat. clarified British war aims. outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. outlined the British plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. outlined the Fourteen Points.
outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico.
Lyndon Johnson remarked, "I think we delivered the South to the Republican Party" after: sending troops to Vietnam. agreeing to meet with Martin Luther King Jr. passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. implementation of the Great Society program. passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which: prohibited both racial and sexual discrimination in employment and public institutions. prohibited racial discrimination in private organizations. prohibited only sexual discrimination in the armed forces. was passed over President Johnson's veto. had the full support of Congress.
prohibited both racial and sexual discrimination in employment and public institutions.
In response to the Russian Revolution that led to the creation of the communist Soviet Union, the United States: diplomatically recognized the Soviet Union. aided supporters of communist rule in the Soviet Union during a civil war in 1918. invited the Soviet Union to the Versailles peace conference. pursued a policy of anticommunism that would remain throughout the twentieth century. invited Vladimir Lenin, the head of the Soviet Union, to the United States.
pursued a policy of anticommunism that would remain throughout the twentieth century.
The Civilian Conservation Corps: was created during the "Second New Deal." was headed by Hugh S. Johnson. put young women to work in schools. put older workers back to work. put young men to work in national parks.
put young men to work in national parks.
President Hoover responded to the onset of the Depression by: immediately increasing government aid to the unemployed. cutting taxes. decreasing tariffs. reassuring Americans that "the tide had turned." resigning from office.
reassuring Americans that "the tide had turned."
In his 1968 election campaign, Richard Nixon appealed to the: moral majority. New Left. Progressive Republicans. new feminists. silent majority.
silent majority.
Eugenics is the: study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races. movement toward colonization in Africa by blacks from the United States. practice of using poison gas by the Germans during World War I. socialist strategy of infiltrating labor unions in the United States. genetic modification of human behavior.
study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races.
With regard to civil liberties during the Civil War, President Lincoln: always let courts and judges have the final say. suspended the writ of habeas corpus. ordered most Democratic newspapers shut down. urged the impeachment of federal judges who opposed him. strictly followed the Ex parte Milligan decision rendered in 1866.
suspended the writ of habeas corpus.
The Great Depression shaped the lives of Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT: many Americans took to the road in search of work. many Americans left cities for the countryside. there was massive unemployment. many Americans lived in Hoovervilles. the American suicide rate declined.
the American suicide rate declined.
The Supreme Court decision United States v. Wong Kim Ark ruled that: the Fourteenth Amendment gave Asians born in the United States citizenship. San Francisco had to grant licenses to Chinese-operated laundries. Chinese merchants were exempt from the Chinese Exclusion Act. the federal government had the right to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law. Chinese women were forbidden to immigrate to the United States.
the Fourteenth Amendment gave Asians born in the United States citizenship.
The double-V campaign was: the Allied war efforts in Europe and Asia. t he effort to end discrimination against Mexican immigrants and blacks. women's struggle for acceptance as industrial workers and mothers. the effort to end discrimination against blacks while fighting fascism. not supported by the NAACP.
the effort to end discrimination against blacks while fighting fascism.
In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court: deemed Japanese internment unconstitutional. upheld the legality of Japanese internment. deemed loyalty oaths constitutional. barred Japanese-Americans from serving in the U.S. military. apologized for Japanese internment
upheld the legality of Japanese internment.
In the presidential election of 1916, Woodrow Wilson: chose not to run for reelection. lost to the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes. was reelected when he promised to support the war effort. used the campaign slogan "He kept us out of war." received fewer votes in states where women had the right to vote.
used the campaign slogan "He kept us out of war."
The Committee on Public Information: was directed by William Jennings Bryan. protected civil liberties. was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion. was affiliated with the Socialist Party. was limited in its efforts.
was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion.
The Philippine War: resulted in Filipino independence. was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War. was little debated at the time. was part of the American effort to liberate the Philippines. is well remembered today.
was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War.
Upton Sinclair: was head of the CIO. worked for the New Deal administration. was head of the End Poverty in California movement. was elected governor of California in 1934. was elected senator from California in 1934.
was head of the End Poverty in California movement.
The gay liberation movement: was banned in several states. attracted many straight women. initially excluded women. was inspired by the civil rights movement. ended with the successful Stonewall riot.
was inspired by the civil rights movement.
The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party: was founded by whites to fight desegregation. was open only to blacks. had President Johnson's full support. challenged the white delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. challenged the Republican delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.
was open only to blacks.
What was the spark for a deadly riot in New York in 1863? Food shortages. A military draft. Peace negotiations with the South. Irish immigrants being asked not to serve. Opposition to the Thirteenth Amendment.
A military draft.
What was the "final solution"? The Allied operation for D-Day. Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples. The United States' plan for the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan. Japan's plan to attack Pearl Harbor. Joseph Stalin's plan to spread communism throughout the world
Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples.
"D-Day" refers to the: Allied invasion of the Soviet Union. Allied invasion of Japan. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan. Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.
Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.
Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the: America Now! committee, an interventionist group. Anti-Semitism Society, a group that blamed the Jews for the war. America First committee, an isolationist group. Lend-Lease League, a group that supported technology for the war. Free Paris Society, a group that advocated the liberation of Paris.
America First committee, an isolationist group.
All of the following groups supported Prohibition EXCEPT: urban reformers wishing to undermine the city machines. women reformers who believed men squandered their earnings on alcohol. employers who hoped Prohibition would create a more disciplined labor force. anti-immigrant Protestants who saw temperance as an American value. Catholic priests who wished to curb the abuse of alcohol by parishioners.
Catholic priests who wished to curb the abuse of alcohol by parishioners.
What did the term "white man's burden" mean? Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization. Imperialism required long absences from friends and family back home. The only way to ensure American victory in the Philippine War was for white soldiers to accept black fighters into their ranks. It was a tongue-in-cheek reference coined by Mark Twain to describe American troop atrocities against Filipinos. It referred to the heavy kit U.S. soldiers had to carry while on duty.
Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Asian-American experience during World War II? Complete prohibition of Chinese immigration to the United States ended. A view of the Chinese emerged as gallant fighters against the aggressive Japanese. Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. Army units serving overseas. Chinese-Americans worked alongside whites in jobs on the home front.
Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. Army units serving overseas.
How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California? Tremendous wage increases prompted young Mexican workers to spend carelessly on frivolous outfits. Employment opportunities in the defense sector attracted Mexican farmworkers to the cities where they built exclusive barrio neighborhoods. Service in segregated Army units motivated Mexican American activists to join ranks with African-American civil rights groups. Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods. The war increased the need for farmworkers, prompting Mexican Americans to leave urban neighborhoods for rural regions instead.
Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods.
In July 1863, the Union won two key victories that are often identified as turning points in the war. These victories occurred at: Wilmington, North Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, South Carolina. Antietam Creek, Maryland, and Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Fort Donelson, Tennessee, and Cold Harbor, Virginia.
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Why did FDR try to change the balance of power on the Supreme Court? He feared the Supreme Court might invalidate the Wagner and Social Security acts. He was worried about being able to run for a third term as president. He needed the Court's support for upcoming war measures against Germany. He feared that the Supreme Court might invalidate the National Recovery Act or the Agricultural Adjustment Act. He feared that the Supreme Court might deem sit-down strikes unconstitutional.
He feared the Supreme Court might invalidate the Wagner and Social Security acts.
What could be one possible reason that Robert E. Lee invaded the North in 1863? He hoped to spread slavery. He wanted to control some northern factories. He wanted revenge for Stonewall Jackson's death. Gettysburg was a significant railroad junction. He hoped to deliver a knockout blow to the Union.
He hoped to deliver a knockout blow to the Union.
Which of the following statements best assesses Herbert Hoover's qualification for the presidency in 1928? He could point to a decade of experience as an elected official. His modest upbringing in rural Iowa had equipped him with a natural affability and charm. His bold embrace of government regulation as a tool for economic development made him stand out among laissez-faire Republicans. His skill in economic planning and the organization of food relief made him a good choice for both good and hard times. His courage under fire in World War I made him a role model similar to one of his predecessors, Theodore Roosevelt.
His skill in economic planning and the organization of food relief made him a good choice for both good and hard times.
Which of the following statements about World War I is NOT accurate? It began with the assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austrian-Hungarian empire. It produced casualties on a massive scale, due in part to new military technologies such as tanks and submarines. It actually had little to do with European colonial possessions overseas. It was the result of European powers interlocking military alliances. C and D
It actually had little to do with European colonial possessions overseas.
Why was the Glass-Steagall Act a key piece of legislation? It took on the debt of commercial banks to ensure their solvency and financial health. It established a gold standard to shore up the strength of the American dollar. It banned commercial banks from involvement in buying and selling stocks, and set up the FDIC. It proved to be a temporary financial measure that did not survive beyond the Great Depression. It decreased the government's power over the financial system.
It banned commercial banks from involvement in buying and selling stocks, and set up the FDIC.
What explains the appeal of the Lost Cause mythology for Southern whites in the late nineteenth century? It allowed Southerners to engage in denial and believe they never lost the Civil War. It downplayed the tensions between the Union and the Confederacy. It preserved memory of the Confederacy without the burden of white supremacy. It helped southern whites cope with defeat but preserve white supremacy. It helped them to pretend that slavery had never really ended.
It helped southern whites cope with defeat but preserve white supremacy.
Which statement about the Red Scare is FALSE? Officials believed that labor strikes were connected to the Russian Revolution. The government deported hundreds of immigrant radicals. It propelled J. Edgar Hoover's career as an anticommunist government agent. It resulted in a wave of sympathy for persecuted workers. It all but destroyed the IWW and the Socialist Party.
It resulted in a wave of sympathy for persecuted workers.
Which of the following does NOT explain why Americans hoped to avoid involvement in the war in Europe? Many regretted intervention in the First World War, especially after Senate hearings revealed bankers and arms merchants had profited enormously from it. Hitler had admirers in the United States. Anticommunists thought German expansion could check Soviet aggression . Businessmen such as Henry Ford wanted to maintain profitable German markets. It was clear to most people that there was little possibility of an Allied victory.
It was clear to most people that there was little possibility of an Allied victory.
Which of the following statements BEST describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s? Japan requested an emergency session of the League of Nations to discuss treaty options with the United States. Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power. Japanese diplomats seeking a peaceful solution in a territorial dispute with China were killed in Nanking. Domestic power struggles kept Japan out of international affairs until 1941.
Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power.
Besides ending slavery, the Civil War had what result? The government ignored the rights of African-Americans. It increased the power of small landowning farmers and shopkeepers. Northern capitalists and industrialists came to dominate on the national scene, taking power away from the former southern slaveholder. It greatly expanded the powers of the presidency. It weakened the power of the federal government.
Northern capitalists and industrialists came to dominate on the national scene, taking power away from the former southern slaveholder.
What role did slaves play with the Confederate army? Robert E. Lee asked for slave soldiers at the beginning of the war. Slaves willingly took up arms and served for the Confederates The Confederate government never officially recruited slaves as soldiers. Numerous slaves worked as laborers for the Confederate military. Most slaveholders wanted their slaves to serve as soldiers for the Confederacy.
Numerous slaves worked as laborers for the Confederate military.
Which phrase best describes Eleanor Roosevelt's tenure as First Lady? Very traditional. Modest goals, spoke softly about one or two appropriately feminine issues. Championed the cause of children's health care, but stuck only to that issue. Worked hard for her husband, as he was confined to the wheelchair, but did not take up any causes of her own. Redefined the role of First Lady, championing women's rights, civil rights, and human rights.
Redefined the role of First Lady, championing women's rights, civil rights, and human rights.
What made it so difficult for the United States to reject the demands of Joseph Stalin for establishing a Soviet sphere in Eastern Europe? Roosevelt realized the sacrifices the Soviets had made in their victory in the Eastern front. The Soviet Union had long feared the aggressive governments of eastern Europe. It was hard for Roosevelt to distinguish between eastern European Slavs and Russian-speaking Soviets. Since the United States wanted to create a similar sphere of influence in western Europe, Stalin's request could hardly be denied. Virtually all of the eastern European territories in question had once been part of the Russian empire
Roosevelt realized the sacrifices the Soviets had made in their victory in the Eastern front.
Which September 1864 event helped Lincoln win reelection as president that November? Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House. The Confederate surrender of Savannah. Grant's victory at Vicksburg. McClellan's rout of the Confederates at Seven Pines. Sherman's capture of Atlanta
Sherman's capture of Atlanta
Why did Executive Order 9066 not apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii? In the wake of the U.S. Navy's defeat at Pearl Harbor, it was the Japanese that governed Hawaii. The number of Japanese Americans in Hawaii was so insignificant that the order seemed irrelevant. Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical. Most persons of Japanese descent in Hawaii actually served in military units. At the time, the federal government did not yet have such jurisdiction over its territorial possessions.
Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical.
What prompted as many as 200,000 American citizens to leave the country during the Great Depression? They sought exile in the Soviet Union, where they hoped economic planning would bring about prosperity more quickly. They returned to their home countries in Europe, frustrated with the lack of economic opportunity in the United States. Some children had little choice as they went with their Mexican-born parents to Mexico. These Americans often traveled to Latin America, trying to promote the policies of the New Deal. They deeply resented the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Some children had little choice as they went with their Mexican-born parents to Mexico.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Yalta conference in 1945? Stalin agreed to allow free and unfettered elections in postwar Poland. The Yalta agreement planted the seeds of conflict. Roosevelt and Churchill did not ultimately object to Soviet postwar control of the Baltics. Stalin agreed to leave southern and eastern Europe out of the Soviet sphere.
Stalin agreed to leave southern and eastern Europe out of the Soviet sphere.
Which event marked the turning point in the Vietnam conflict, forcing Lyndon Johnson to change course and pull out of the upcoming presidential race? The Tet offensive. Operation Rolling Thunder. The invasion of Cambodia. The Gulf of Tonkin. Revelations about the My Lai massacre.
The Tet offensive.
How did the struggle against Nazi tyranny discredit racial inequality in the United States? Germany's Nazi leaders, it turned out, had entertained a romanticized fascination with the Confederacy. African-Americans had borne the brunt of the fight against German troops and demonstrated that they were the "master race." The exceptional cruelty American soldiers exercised against Germans had sobered Americans on the idea that they were a "master race." The contradictions between the principle and practice of freedom in the actual status of African-Americans came to the forefront during the war. American soldiers had universally demonstrated restraint and civility in their combat operations against their enemies, especially in the Pacific.
The contradictions between the principle and practice of freedom in the actual status of African-Americans came to the forefront during the war.
How did Populists hope to guarantee farmers inexpensive access to markets for their crops? They called on local governments to invest in a better road network. They appealed to local banks for affordable loans. They called for public ownership of the railroads. They tried to train farmers in more efficient farming methods. They hoped that technological innovations could speed up road transport.
They called for public ownership of the railroads.
Why did World War I transform Western civilization so profoundly? The bitter war between the peaceful neighbors of Germany, France, and Britain shook the popular conceptions of politics deeply. Since a vast majority of victims were civilians, the war forever changed public perceptions on the acceptability of military conflict. As a global conflict between socialist nations on the one hand and monarchies on the other, the war signaled the ideological divisions of the twentieth century. The war generated an economic boom in Europe and the United States that marked the beginning of the so-called Roaring Twenties. The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress.
The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress.
In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy? Democracy demanded that African-Americans should play leading roles in southern politics. Southern whites would never concede defeat, so Reconstruction must be mild. He would defer to Radical Republicans in Congress. There should be at least limited black suffrage. Large southern planters should be made to pay dearly for having caused the war.
There should be at least limited black suffrage.
What was ironic about the Confederate government? This new centralized government became stronger than the national government had been before the war. The leadership found little need for slaves doing fieldwork during the war. The Confederacy openly encouraged other countries to grow cotton. Jefferson Davis led troops into battle. The government wanted to end slavery in the Caribbean and then bring those slaves to the South.
This new centralized government became stronger than the national government had been before the war.
What ended the Great Depression? New Deal programs. The rebound of the stock market. World War II spending. Laissez-faire government. A bailout by J. P. Morgan.
World War II spending.
Which statement about the 1896 election is FALSE? William McKinley's victory ended the political stalemate that had persisted since 1876. The Populist Party declined after the election. The election is considered the first modern presidential campaign. McKinley's campaign raised millions of dollars compared to Bryan's. William Jennings Bryan lost because he supported the gold standard.
William Jennings Bryan lost because he supported the gold standard.
The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment is best known as: a regiment of free blacks who charged Fort Wagner, South Carolina. the "Irish Brigade," because its members were born in Ireland. the regiment that forced Richmond's surrender. a regiment that was fully integrated, with noncommissioned black and white soldiers fighting side-by-side. the first regiment to see battle in the war.
a regiment of free blacks who charged Fort Wagner, South Carolina.
The Thirteenth Amendment: abolished slavery throughout the United States. was strongly supported by Democrats in 1864. set up a gradual plan of emancipation. defined U.S. citizenship to include African-Americans. specifically gave black men the right to vote.
abolished slavery throughout the United States.
Liberalism during the New Deal came to be understood as: limited government and free market enterprise. active government to uplift less fortunate members of society. a trust in the government to regulate personal behavior. individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism. workers' ownership of the means of production
active government to uplift less fortunate members of society.
During the early days of the war, the U.S. Congress adopted a resolution proposed by Senator John Crittenden of Kentucky that: drafted men into the Union army, the first such draft in U.S. history. called for the gradual emancipation of slaves throughout the nation. criticized the civil liberties policies of the Lincoln administration. affirmed that the Union had no intention of interfering with slavery. extended the Missouri Compromise line to the eastern border of California.
affirmed that the Union had no intention of interfering with slavery.
Organized labor assisted in the war effort by: decreasing union membership. agreeing to a no-strike pledge. accepting wage cuts. asking Congress to abolish Social Security. joining the army.
agreeing to a no-strike pledge.
In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan: allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. allowed Germany to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.. allowed Japan to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. allowed all belligerents to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. was voted down by Congress.
allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.
The Gulf of Tonkin resolution: authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam. authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Cuba. was a formal declaration of war. called for an immediate end to the hostilities in Southeast Asia. had little Senate support at the time.
authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam.
At the 1968 Miss America beauty pageant, feminist protesters threw all of the following items into the "freedom trash can" EXCEPT: girdles. high-heeled shoes. bras. copies of Playboy. birth-control pills.
birth-control pills.
During the Civil War, the term "contraband camps" referred to: camps in which materials such as rifles and gunpowder were kept. camps of southern slaves who had escaped from their masters and entered Union lines. training grounds for the youthful musicians who played to raise the morale of the troops. holding areas for items seized by customs agents for failure to pay tariffs. places near battlefields where the Union army temporarily kept Confederate prisoners.
camps of southern slaves who had escaped from their masters and entered Union lines.
The antiwar movement: attracted only draft-age males. was of little interest to civil-rights activists. never built a mass constituency. had little impact on public opinion. challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking
challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking
Woodrow Wilson's efforts at the Versailles peace conference in Paris: failed to achieve the inclusion of a League of Nations in the peace treaty. refused a treaty clause holding Germany morally responsible for the war. were thwarted by angry Parisian crowds upon his arrival. did not include support for the independence of peoples still under British and French colonial rule. were well respected by the other diplomats, especially the Allies
did not include support for the independence of peoples still under British and French colonial rule.
Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to Congress: was a Socialist. supported limited women's suffrage. was pro-German. supported U.S. entry into World War I. did not support U.S. entry into World War I.
did not support U.S. entry into World War I.
During his presidency, Woodrow Wilson: dismissed numerous black federal employees. banned the showing of the movie Birth of a Nation at the White House. outlawed discrimination in federal agencies. appointed several black judges. built on his civil rights record as governor of Virginia.
dismissed numerous black federal employees.
In fireside chats and public addresses, President Roosevelt connected freedom with: economic security. cuts in government spending. Keynesian economic theory. economic inequality. laissez-faire economics
economic security.
The Manhattan Project: was kept a secret from the entire Executive Branch except President Roosevelt and Vice President Truman. enabled the development of an atomic weapon based on the theories of German scientists involving energy and matter. was operated jointly by the United States and Great Britain. produced an atomic bomb that was successfully tested before FDR's death in 1945. B and D
enabled the development of an atomic weapon based on the theories of German scientists involving energy and matter.
In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington: called for political equality. encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation. opposed vocational education for blacks. fought against segregation. continued the abolitionist political tradition.
encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation.
The National Organization for Women (NOW) campaigned for all of the following EXCEPT: an end to the mass media's false image of women. equal job opportunities for women. equal educational opportunities. equal opportunities in politics. an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
equal job opportunities for women.
By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam: was less than in 1965. was decreasing as the peace process accelerated. exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal. was reduced, as President Johnson considered running for another term. was of little concern to most Americans.
exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal.
African-Americans who migrated to the North during the Great Migration encountered all of the following conditions EXCEPT: restricted employment opportunities. menial and unskilled jobs. exclusion from the public school system. housing segregation. violence.
exclusion from the public school system.
After the war, most of the women who had held defense jobs and wished to keep them were allowed to by their employers. True False
false
In 1898, the American system of government had no provision for permanent colonies. True False
false
In Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court deemed interracial marriage unconstitutional. False True
false
The Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I was a fair document that all but guaranteed future peace in Europe. True False
false
The Wagner Act banned goods produced by child labor from interstate commerce, set forty cents as the minimum hourly wage, and required overtime pay for hours of work exceeding forty per week. True False
false
The majority of the Japanese-Americans who were interned during the war were not actually citizens of the United States. True False
false
Under the guidance of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court vastly contracted the rights enjoyed by all Americans in the 1960s. False True
false
William McKinley championed a government that would help ordinary Americans. True False
false
Woodrow Wilson certainly meant to include in his democracy black Americans and the colonial peoples of the world. True False
false
Lincoln's issuance of an emancipation proclamation: was delayed on the advice of General George McClellan. won universal support throughout the North. led to a strong Republican showing in the congressional and state elections of 1862. followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam. led Great Britain to recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America.
followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam.
William Jennings Bryan: called for the unrestricted mining of silver. angered Populists after giving a fiery convention speech denouncing the "free coinage" of silver. failed to win enough support from the Democratic Party as the nominee for president in 1896. entered politics late in life, after a successful career as a Methodist minister. had a weak presidential campaign after he refused numerous speaking engagements.
for the unrestricted mining of silver.
In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court: determined that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos would become U.S. citizens in 1904. held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War. determined that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos were entitled to the same rights as U.S. citizens. held that the annexation of the Philippines violated the Fourteenth Amendment. ruled that the Foraker Act of 1900, which declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory," was unconstitutional.
held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War.
The "zoot suit" riots of 1943: were a series of fashion shows in Hollywood. involved Mexican immigrants fighting with blacks in Los Angeles. involved autoworkers in Detroit. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II. highlighted the growing acceptance of Mexicans in southern California.
highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II.
Between 1901 and 1920, the United States intervened militarily numerous times in Caribbean countries: in order to gain territory for the United States. in order to spread liberty and freedom in the region. because the democratic leaders of the region asked the United States for aid in suppressing rebellions. in order to fight European powers who sought to establish colonies in the area. in order to protect the economic interests of American banks and investors.
in order to protect the economic interests of American banks and investors.
The Social Security Act of 1935: was originally vetoed by President Roosevelt. was adopted from the British welfare system. provided federal funding for the poor and needy. included pensions and unemployment relief. covered all workers in industry and agriculture.
included pensions and unemployment relief.
The GI Bill of Rights: was very limited in scope. included scholarships for education for veterans. extended benefits to very few veterans. did not include health insurance. was unavailable for African-American veterans.
included scholarships for education for veterans.
The Great Depression was caused by all of the following factors EXCEPT: a land speculation bubble in Florida. an unequal distribution of wealth. an agricultural recession throughout the decade. stagnated sales in the auto and consumer goods industries after 1926. increased government regulation of banking and the stock market.
increased government regulation of banking and the stock market.
In contrast to the American Federation of Labor, the Congress of Industrial Organizations fought for: shorter hours. freedom of speech. better wages. industrial democracy. equal pay for equal work.
industrial democracy.
Women working in defense industries during the war: were viewed as permanent workers after the war, so long as they did a good job. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and ship building. had little impact on the war effort. were small in number, as most women took clerical work or joined the military service as nurses. were all young, single women who left their jobs once they got married
made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and ship building.
Frederick Douglass viewed the abolition of slavery as: not the end of the nation's work, but the beginning of a new phase of it. the crowning achievement of his life. proof that the nation really did not suffer from racial prejudice. confirmation that Lincoln deserved to be remembered as a Christ-like martyr. an important step that must be followed by the colonization of freed slaves outside the United States.
not the end of the nation's work, but the beginning of a new phase of it.
The completion of the Panama Canal in 1914: did not end U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone, which remains an American territory to this day. helped repair U.S. diplomatic relations with Colombia. reduced the sea voyage between the East and West coasts of the United States by 8,000 miles. did not involve the labor of non-U.S. citizens, despite Roosevelt's objections. was quickly approved by Congress despite initial hesitations.
reduced the sea voyage between the East and West coasts of the United States by 8,000 miles.
"Rosie the Riveter": refers to a movie star during World War II. was a term applied only to black women workers. described only single women workers. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer. refers to a type of industrial machinery
refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer.
Plessy v. Ferguson: was a unanimous decision. sanctioned racial segregation. voided the Thirteenth Amendment. limited the hours that women could legally work. was fully supported by Booker T. Washington.
sanctioned racial segregation.
By the end of 1960, some 70,000 demonstrators had taken part in sit-ins across the South to protest: desegregation. segregation. the use of nuclear weapons . the Vietnam War. sexism.
segregation.
During World War I, Americans reacted to German-Americans and Germans in all of the following ways EXCEPT: in Iowa, the governor required that all oral communication be done in English. "hamburger" was changed to "liberty sandwich." the director of the Boston Symphony was interned for playing the works of German composers. the teaching of foreign languages was restricted in many states. the federal government barred German immigration to the United States
the federal government barred German immigration to the United States
Farmers believed that their plight derived from all of the following EXCEPT: high freight rates charged by railroads. excessive interest rates for loans from bankers. the high tariff policies of the federal government. the fiscal policy that reduced the supply of money in the economy. the free and unlimited coinage of silver.
the free and unlimited coinage of silver.
Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" declared that: the civil rights movement had become too violent and had to stop. the white moderate had to put aside his fear of disorder and commit to racial justice. the federal government was solely responsible for the violence in the South. the white clergy in the South had done a tremendous job at fighting Jim Crow. he was abandoning his policy of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration.
the white moderate had to put aside his fear of disorder and commit to racial justice.
After the 1896 election, voter participation began a steady downhill trend that continues to this day. True False
true
As a result of the Red Power movement, many more Americans began to identify themselves as Indians than before 1960. True False
true
Civil liberties replaced liberty of contract as the judicial foundation of freedom by the end of the New Deal. True False
true
In the past, depressions had hurt the labor movement; however, labor made great strides during the New Deal. True False
true
Japanese propaganda depicted Americans as a self-indulgent people contaminated by ethnic and racial diversity, as opposed to the racially "pure" Japanese. True False
true
Marcus Garvey launched a separatist movement, encouraging blacks to embrace their African heritage. True False
true
Patriotism during World War I meant support for the government, the war, and the American economic system. True False
true
The "new imperialism" involved European colonial powers seeking to consolidate their domination of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East in the name of "civilization." True False
true
The Communist Party's commitment to socialism resonated with a widespread belief that the Depression had demonstrated the bankruptcy of capitalism. True False
true
The New Left took for its model the Soviet Union and viewed the working class as the main agent of social change. False True
true
The crucial fighting in Europe took place on the eastern front, where more than 20 million Russians lost their lives. True False
true
The largest surrender in American military history occurred in the Philippines, after the Japanese took the island over. True False
true
To Roosevelt, the Four Freedoms expressed deeply held American values worthy of being spread worldwide. True False
true
Unlike the New Deal, the Great Society was a response to prosperity, not depression. True False
true
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: led to an increase in civil rights for Chinese people and Chinese-Americans living in the United States. only barred immigration of Chinese women. led to the deportation of the 105,000 Chinese people living in the United States in 1882. led to a decrease in discrimination and violence against the Chinese. was the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States.
was the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States.
The Four Freedoms: was a campaign slogan of the Republicans. were the war aims of Nazi Germany. were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims. included the freedom to join the Communist Party. did not apply to Jehovah's Witnesses.
were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims.
The Freedom Rides: were launched by CORE to desegregate interstate bus travel. were ignored by law enforcement and the public in the South had little effect on segregation in the South. were successful only in the North. were the journeys made by blacks as part of their mass migration to the North.
were launched by CORE to desegregate interstate bus travel.
Copperheads were: what Republicans called northern opponents of the war. supporters of minting more copper coins to inflate the currency. advocates of creating the Third Bank of the United States. southern whites who opposed the Confederacy. the strongest supporters of emancipation.
what Republicans called northern opponents of the war.
FDR's "Economic Bill of Rights". included some provisions for veteran support, but did not have the funding to become law. would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans. was modified to appease conservatives and pushed through Congress by Harry Truman. A and C
would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans.
