APUSH Period 6 MC questions

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the* Knights of Labor. American Federation of Labor. Congress of Industrial Organizations. National Labor Union Knights of Columbus

American Federation of Labor.

What was the "one big union" that attempted to unite all workers (white and black, male and female) in one union?* National Labor Union Knights of Labor International Workers of the World The Longshoremen American Federation of Labor

Knights of Labor

2. In which pair is the first event an immediate cause of the second?* a. Assassination of James Garfield in 1881 - the Pendleton Civil Service Act b. Sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 - U.S. entry into World War I c. Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 - U.S. entry into World War II d. Assassination of Alexander Hamilton in 1804 - end of the Federalist Party e. Election of John Adams in 1796 - Twelfth Amendment's adoption

a. Assassination of James Garfield in 1881 - the Pendleton Civil Service Act

2. During the late nineteenth century, politicians such as Boss Tweed most likely would have opposed which of the following?* a. Calls for reforms to local and state governments b. Social services provided to immigrants by local politicians c. Granting American Indians full citizenship and voting rights d. The expansion of the transcontinental railroad system

a. Calls for reforms to local and state governments

5. What was the name for the movement that advanced plans to remake American cities with tree-lined boulevards, public parks, and more green space?* a. City Beautiful b. Great Society c. New Deal d. New Conservative

a. City Beautiful

5. Which scandal became a symbol of government corruption during the Gilded Age?* a. Credit Mobilier b. Teapot Dome c. Watergate d. Citizen Genet Affair

a. Credit Mobilier

7. Which of the following best characterizes the conservationist approach to the environment that emerged in the Progressive Era?* a. Designation of national parks and forests for recreation and managed use b. Use of federal money to clean up polluted industrial sites c. Passage of legislation to ensure clean air and waterways d. Passage of legislation banning the use of pesticides in agriculture e. Increased sale of public land to generate federal government revenue

a. Designation of national parks and forests for recreation and managed use

4. Which of the following groups were NOT included among the "new immigrants" of the late 19th century?* a. Irish peasants b. Polish peasants c. Italian peasants d. Greeks and Slovaks e. Russian Jews escaping religious persecution

a. Irish peasants

1. Which of the following individuals is associated with developing a monopoly in the oil refining industry?* a. John D. Rockefeller b. J.P. Morgan c. Andrew Carnegie d. Leland Stanford

a. John D. Rockefeller

3. Which of the following is a correct statement about immigration in the 1890s?* a. Most of the immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe b. Workers from Latin America were excluded from immigrating by federal laws c. Most immigrants of this period were readily accepted because of their education and wealth d. The number of immigrants declined because of restrictive quota laws e. Labor unions supported the rights of Chinese immigrants

a. Most of the immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe

2. Which of the following activities from the middle of the 19th century most closely resembles the Progressive Era reform movement?* a. Participation by women in moral reform efforts b. Efforts by nativists to restrict immigration c. Calls for the annexation of Texas d. Removal of American Indians from the Southeast to the West

a. Participation by women in moral reform efforts

2. Which of the following contributed to bringing an end to the Plains Indian Wars?* a. The destruction of nearly the entire population of the buffalo b. The implementation of government conservation policies that protected large areas of public land c. The rerouting of several major railroads to avoid tribal lands d. A decrease in the number of White settlers traveling near reservations

a. The destruction of nearly the entire population of the buffalo

3. Between 1870 and 1900, farmers did all of the following in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT* a. limit production of crops b. advocate inflation of the currency c. seek state regulation of railways d. form a third political party

a. limit production of crops

1. President James Garfield was assassinated by a(n)* a. mentally unstable disappointed office seeker b. fanatically anti-Republican Confederate veteran c. corrupt gangster under federal criminal indictment d. bitter supporter of his defeated Democratic opponent, Winfield Scott Hancock

a. mentally unstable disappointed office seeker

3. All of the following factors contributed to the ultimate surrender of the Plains Indians by the 1880s EXCEPT the* a. onset of World War I b. farmers, cattlemen, and settlers competing for and seizing Plains Indian lands, food and other staples c. virtual extermination of the buffalo. d. coming of the railroads. e. successive waves of army troops .

a. onset of World War I

3. Jane Addams's Hull House was established primarily to* a. provide a place for immigrants to socialize and receive needed support b. provide a halfway home for recently released criminals c. provide shelter for homeless immigrants d. offer a basic education to African-Americans

a. provide a place for immigrants to socialize and receive needed support

6. In the election of 1896, the major issue for Democrats and Populists became* a. upholding the gold standard vs. the free and unlimited coinage of silver. b. enactment of an income tax. c. government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression. d. the rights of farmers and industrial workers. e. restoration of protective tariffs.

a. upholding the gold standard vs. the free and unlimited coinage of silver.

4. Prior to 1884, the United States government most typically responded to American Indian resistance by* a. using the military to enforce federal policy toward American Indians b. upholding the sovereignty of American Indian nations c. providing monetary incentives for American Indian farming d. discouraging White settlers from moving onto American Indian land

a. using the military to enforce federal policy toward American Indians

1. After the Civil War, some businesspeople and newspaper editors - such as the Atlanta Constitution's Henry Grady - promoted the idea of a New South. Which of the following best describes their vision for the southern states?* a. An industrial region whose economic mainstays would be the mining and smelting of minerals and metals b. A mixed economy no longer primarily dependent on cash crops c. A postindustrial region whose economy revolved around health care, insurance, and financial services d. An agricultural region of large plantations growing cotton, tobacco, and rice, worked by sharecroppers e. An agricultural region consisting of small farms focused on growing food crops

b. A mixed economy no longer primarily dependent on cash crops

5. Which of the following was a result of the Dawes General Allotment Act of 1887?* a. Most American Indians were relocated to the west of Mississippi. b. American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land through fraud and coercion. c. American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts. d. American Indians and Whites challenged each other over landownership in range wars. e. It encouraged cooperative landownership among American Indians.

b. American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land through fraud and coercion.

3. Which of the following best describes the overarching goals of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century?* a. Expansion of United States influence in Central America and access to new international markets b. Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system c. Social and political reform guided by the idea of the survival of the fittest d. Establishment of a transcontinental network of trains and the improvement of roads in the western United States

b. Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system

2. The "New South" movement was most directly a reaction to which of the following developments in the South during the post-Civil War period?* a. The cotton market experienced a twenty-year boom and brought immense wealth to the South. b. Despite a push for industrialization, tenant farming and sharecropping continued to be the primary economic activity in the South. c. A large immigrant population moved into the South and helped modernize the economy. d. Big business and railroads came to dominate the Southern economy just as they did in the North.

b. Despite a push for industrialization, tenant farming and sharecropping continued to be the primary economic activity in the South.

4. Which of the following was NOT a function of settlement houses?* a. Observing the poor to find out their needs and study social conditions in the community b. Recruiting tenants for landlords that controlled dilapidated tenement buildings c. Providing meeting places for local residents to hold political and community meetings d. Teaching new immigrants how to read and write English e. Providing health care for the poor

b. Recruiting tenants for landlords that controlled dilapidated tenement buildings

6. Settlement house work had the most in common with women's activism during which of the following earlier periods?* a. The Protestant evangelism of the mid-1700s b. The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s c. The two decades following the American Revolution d. The decade leading up to the American Revolution

b. The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s

1. Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" endorsed which of the following views?* a. Wealthy individuals should advocate for higher levels of taxes so that the government could redistribute money to the poor. b. Wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society by financing private philanthropic endeavors. c. Utopian communities were desirable because they protected the well-being of people living in poverty. d. Major industries should be nationalized to ensure equitable distribution of wealth.

b. Wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society by financing private philanthropic endeavors.

6. In an effort to assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following EXCEPT* a. attempted to make rugged individualists of the Indians. b. gave the Indians the best farmland in the Great Plains for their reservations c. abolished tribal ownership of land. d. dissolved many tribes as legal entities. e. promised Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years.

b. gave the Indians the best farmland in the Great Plains for their reservations

1. The method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that* a. gave workers greater autonomy, less supervision, and the chance to be creative b. relied on the use of power-driven machinery and specialization of labor c. relied on guilds to train artisans d. utilized wireless communication to improve efficiency

b. relied on the use of power-driven machinery and specialization of labor

8. The farmers' protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890's for all of the following reasons EXCEPT* a. crop failures in Europe that led to an increase in United States grain exports b. the absorption of the populists by the American Federation of Labor c. the failure of the Populist Party in the 1896 election d. massive immigration into urban areas that led to higher prices for agricultural products e. the 1898 Yukon gold strike that increased the U.S. government's supply of gold and eased farmers' access to credit

b. the absorption of the populists by the American Federation of Labor

3. Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of* a. America's need to catch up with more progressive European nations. b. their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers. c. the harsh treatment of working women by employers. d. the need to assert female power against male oppression. e. women's inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

b. their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.

2. Which of the following individuals is associated with developing a monopoly in the steel industry?* a. John D. Rockefeller b. J.P. Morgan c. Andrew Carnegie d. Leland Stanford

c. Andrew Carnegie

4. The organizational technique of vertical integration of all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company was pioneered by* a. Cornelius and William Vanderbilt with the railroad industry. b. Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour with the meat industry. c. Andrew Carnegie with the steel industry. d. James Duke with the tobacco industry. e. John D. Rockefeller with the oil industry.

c. Andrew Carnegie with the steel industry.

5. Which of the following individuals made important contributions to American culture during the Gilded Age?* a. James Fennimore Cooper b. Jackson Pollock c. Frederick Law Olmstead d. F. Scott Fitzgerald

c. Frederick Law Olmstead

7. A prominent leader in promoting the settlement house movement was* a. Carry Nation b. Aimee Semple McPherson c. Jane Addams d. Margaret Sanger e. Alice Paul

c. Jane Addams

2. The concept of the "gospel of wealth" is reflected in all of the following statements EXCEPT* a. Each man had a duty to work hard and accumulate wealth. b. Wealth was God's reward for a life of virtue and hard work. c. Money should be handed out to the poor and homeless. d. The wealthy had a responsibility to use their wealth to improve society. e. Philanthropy should support educational, health, and religious institutions.

c. Money should be handed out to the poor and homeless.

4. As the Industrial Revolution progressed in America, all of the following occurred EXCEPT* a. Cities grew rapidly b. Family businesses became less important to America's economy c. Railroads became less important to America d. People moved from farms to cities e. Large-scale corporate firms dominated the American economy

c. Railroads became less important to America

1. What was the name for the movement that applied Christian principles to social problems and inspired many to join Gilded Age reform movements?* a. City Beautiful b. Gospel of Wealth c. Social Gospel d. Social Darwinism

c. Social Gospel

3. Advocates of the "New South" endorsed which of the following visions for the economy of the South?* a. The South should specialize in service industry jobs like health care, insurance and financial services. b. The South should specialize in large agricultural plantations growing cotton, tobacco, and rice, worked by sharecroppers c. The South should improve its cities and embrace industrialization d. The South should become a mixed agricultural region consisting of small farms focused on growing food crops

c. The South should improve its cities and embrace industrialization

3. By the 1870s, which of the following most reflected the continuation of the Transportation Revolution that took place in the first half of the nineteenth century?* a. The purchase of automobiles by most households in the United States b. The development and use of the cotton gin in the South c. The completion of transcontinental railroads d. The extension of electrical power to most homes in the United States

c. The completion of transcontinental railroads

5. Which urban housing design, once hailed as a helpful innovation, turned out to be a dangerous blight on the cityscapes as they became overcrowded with new arrivals to the U.S.?* a. The skyscrapers b. The settlement houses c. The tenement building d. The alms houses e. The rambler homes of the suburbs

c. The tenement building

1. The final result of the widespread anti-Chinese agitation in the West was* a. a program to encourage Chinese students to enroll in American colleges and university b. the stripping of citizenship even from native-born Chinese Americans c. a congressional law to prohibit any further Chinese immigration d. the forced immigration of all Chinese back to China e. legal segregation of all Chinese into Chinatown districts in San Francisco and elsewhere

c. a congressional law to prohibit any further Chinese immigration

2. Which of the following was NOT part of the Populist Party's platform?* a. term limits for politicians b. popular election of U.S. senators c. adherence to a gold standard d. a graduated income tax e. institution of a secret ballot

c. adherence to a gold standard

1. The Plains Indian Wars between the Native Americans and the U.S. military was primarily caused by differing* a. forms of government b. family structures c. claims to land d. styles of farming

c. claims to land

4. All of the following were contentious political issues during the Gilded Age EXCEPT...* a. upholding the gold standard vs. the free and unlimited coinage of silver. b. regulation of trusts. c. federal welfare programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression. d. maintenance of protective tariffs.

c. federal welfare programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression.

3. John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved* a. franchising Standard Oil gasoline stations to independent operators. b. controlling all phases of the oil industry from drilling to commercial retailing. c. forcing small competitors to be bought out or lose their business. d. developing multiple uses for oil in transportation, lighting, and industry. e. creating standardized job assignments and fixed production quotas for all employees.

c. forcing small competitors to be bought out or lose their business.

4. Activists formed the Populist Party most directly in response to the* a. rise of monopolies and reduction of wages for industrial workers b. development of reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening c. growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming d. emergence of concerns about abuses of the environment

c. growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming

3. All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion EXCEPT* a. a large pool of unskilled labor. b. American ingenuity and technological breakthroughs. c. immigration restrictions. d. federal government support of business. e. an abundance of natural resources.

c. immigration restrictions.

8. John Muir's preservation movement was most directly a reaction to the* a. westward migration of groups seeking religious refuge b. opening of a new frontier in recently annexed territory c. increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes d. increase in urban populations, including immigrant workers attracted by a growing industrial economy

c. increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes

1. The national government helped to finance railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with* a. reduced prices for iron and steel. b. aid for construction of railroad stations. c. land grants and loans. d. cash grants from new taxes.

c. land grants and loans.

4. The real heart of the progressive movement was the effort by reformers to* a. preserve world peace. b. ensure the Jeffersonian style of government. c. promote economic and social equality. d. get the government off the backs of the people. e. use the government to improve human welfare.

c. promote economic and social equality.

5. Which of the following industries experienced tremendous growth during the Gilded Age industrial revolution?* a. radio b. motion pictures c. steel d. automobiles

c. steel

5. Believers in the doctrine of Social Darwinism, like Herbert Spencer, believed that* a. society owed a basic standard of living to even its weakest members. b. there should be eugenic biological breeding to produce a superior human race. c. the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor. d. only a few large corporations were fit to survive in the industrial jungle. e. fitness to survive and thrive could be proven through physical competition.

c. the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.

3. Which of the following policies would Andrew Carnegie and proponents of the Gospel of Wealth most likely endorse?* a. Government creation of jobs for unemployed people b. Increased regulation of corporations c. The use of federal power to redistribute wealth d. Laissez-faire economics

d. Laissez-faire economics

1. Members of which of the following groups were most likely to support the Populist Party?* a. Bankers from the East b. Industrialists in the Midwest c. Irish immigrants in New England cities d. Midwestern farmers e. Chinese railroad workers from the West

d. Midwestern farmers

2. Which of the following most directly led to the rise of industrial capitalism in the Gilded Age?* a. Innovative uses of photography to achieve social change b. The end of the apprenticeship system in craft work c. The economic hardship resulting from years of civil war in the United States d. Technological innovations in the production of goods

d. Technological innovations in the production of goods

7. "We shall not answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." This quotation is associated with which late-19th century leader?* a. Oliver Kelley b. William McKinley c. W.E.B. DuBois d. William Jennings Bryan e. Booker T. Washington

d. William Jennings Bryan

2. Which of the following statements about railroad expansion in the second half of the 19th century is NOT true?* a. the West developed more quickly due to rapid railroad expansion b. new business organizational models were created c. new towns and cities emerged near the railroad lines d. construction was privately financed with no governmental assistance e. obstacles required the development of new techniques of railroad construction

d. construction was privately financed with no governmental assistance

6. All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants* a. were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers b. had different languages and cultures c. practiced different religions d. dominated the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

d. dominated the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

5. Settlement houses, such as Hull House, engaged in all of the following activities EXCEPT* a. providing free health care. b. child care. c. instruction in English. d. homeless shelters for new immigrants. e. lobbying for social reform.

d. homeless shelters for new immigrants.

4. Which of the following two industries were most significantly expanded as a result of the completion of the transcontinental railroad?* a. banking and real estate b. electricity and communication c. textiles and shoemaking d. mining and agriculture e. shipping and fishing

d. mining and agriculture

5. As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington* a. promoted black political activism. b. helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. c. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut. d. promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation. e. advocated social equality.

d. promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation.

4. The "Atlanta Compromise" is the name given to the* a. southern agreement to supply raw materials to the North and West in exchange for manufactured products b. political concession southern White politicians made to African Americans in order to win their support against northerners c. agreement expected to forge a new Republican Party of northern moderates and southern conservatives d. proposal that African Americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality e. political deal made by northern Republicans and southern Democrats to pass legislation favoring the gold standard

d. proposal that African Americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality

1. Although corrupt, New York's Tammany Hall appealed to* a. reformers seeking to improve the social landscape b. big businesses looking to boost profits. c. Republicans looking to extend Reconstruction efforts d. recent immigrants and job seekers

d. recent immigrants and job seekers

6. Unlike Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois advocated* a. turning to wealthy white philanthropist for funds to support black causes b. acceptance of segregation as a way of life c. economic opportunity for blacks through individual enterprise rather than politics d. that African Americans should fight for full social equality rather than accept abuse and segregation e. that blacks remain in the South rather than move north

d. that African Americans should fight for full social equality rather than accept abuse and segregation

5. A major problem faced by farmers on the Great Plains in the Gilded Age was* a. overcrowding. b. the overwhelming amount of government restrictions and regulations. c. the high price of land. d. the low market value of grain and falling crop prices. e. the opposition of miners.

d. the low market value of grain and falling crop prices.

8. In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that* a. literacy tests for voting were constitutional b. African Americans could be denied the right to vote c. the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to African Americans d. segregation was unconstitutional e. "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional

e. "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional

4. Which of the following was NOT a popular leisure activity during the late nineteenth century?* a. Baseball b. Traveling circuses c. College football d. Bicycling e. Listening to the radio

e. Listening to the radio

2. The "New Immigrants" who came to the United States after 1880* a. had experience with democratic governments. b. represented nonwhite racial groups. c. arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and Norway. d. received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants. e. arrived primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe.

e. arrived primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe.

7. Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois* a. was an ex-slave who rose to fame. b. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington. c. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. d. gave the famous Atlanta Compromise speech. e. demanded complete equality for African Americans.

e. demanded complete equality for African Americans.

5. The political base of the Democratic party in the late nineteenth century lay especially in* a. Midwestern farmers. b. the small towns of the Northeast and the South. c. big business and those involved in international trade. d. northern blacks and Asian immigrants. e. the white South and big-city immigrant machines.

e. the white South and big-city immigrant machines.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to* the large numbers of immigrants working in factories federal protection of workers' rights to organize the presence of women in certain areas of industrial work the emergence of multinational companies and increased global competition low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work

low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work

In contrast to the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor advocated* 1/1 working for black and female labor interests as well as those of white men reforming the American economy to become more socialistic in nature uniting only skilled workers and concentrating on improving wages and hours using secrecy and violence against employers uniting both skilled and unskilled workers into a single union

uniting only skilled workers and concentrating on improving wages and hours

The Haymarket Square riot...* took place in New York City brought public sympathy to the plight of the workers forced government regulations of unions weakened the national labor movement, especially the Knights of Labor strengthened the national labor movement

weakened the national labor movement, especially the Knights of Labor