APUSH S1 FINAL (PERIODS 1-6)

pinckney's treaty

1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans

King Philip's War

A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wampanoags, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and effectively eradicated the Wampanoags.

Washington Farewell address

A very isolationist speech, he warned of foreign powers, alliances with them, especially permanent ones, and warned against political parties splitting up America.

French and Indian War

A war fought between the British and French over land and fur trade. The Indians and the French were allies. The British won this war without firing a single shot.

Act of Toleration

Act passed in Maryland 1649 that granted freedom of worship to all Christians; although it was enacted to protect the Catholic minority in Maryland, it was a benchmark of religious freedom in all the colonies.

Maryland Toleration Act

Act that offered toleration for all people who believed that Jesus is the Messiah. Intolerant compared to current days laws, but progressive for its' time.

Quaisi War w/ France

Adams was angry as a result of XYZ affair a trade was cutt off with French treaties of 1778 were repudited and impressment of French sailors was ordered; 1798 - Navy was being funded - captured 35 French ships; Britain - ally; Finally France reconciled and new treaty allied with French; undeclared war

a. Republican motherhood stressed the need to educate women so that they could raise patriotic sons.

"A philosopher once said, 'Let me make all the ballads of a country and I care not who makes its laws.' He might with more propriety have said, let the ladies of a country be educated properly, and they will not only make and administer its laws, but form its manners and character. ...The influence of female education would be still more extensive and useful in domestic life. ...Children would discover the marks of maternal prudence and wisdom in every station of life; for it has been remarked that there have been few great or good men who have not been blessed with wise and prudent mothers. --Benjamin Rush, physician, educator, and writer, Essays: Literary, Moral, and Philosophical, published in 1798 Which of the following best reflects the sentiments expressed by Rush? Select one: a. The ideal of republican motherhood b. The abolitionist movement c. The Seneca Falls Convention d. The demand for Indian removal

c. This is correct. Some women had been involved in the colonial push for independence, and after the revolution their efforts, along with changing ideas about women's abilities, brought about a philosophy of "republican motherhood." This notion of women as moral guideposts who instilled republican virtues in their household flowered fully later in the 1800s with the rise of the cult of domesticity.

"A philosopher once said, 'Let me make all the ballads of a country and I care not who makes its laws.' He might with more propriety have said, let the ladies of a country be educated properly, and they will not only make and administer its laws, but form its manners and character. ...The influence of female education would be still more extensive and useful in domestic life. ...Children would discover the marks of maternal prudence and wisdom in every station of life; for it has been remarked that there have been few great or good men who have not been blessed with wise and prudent mothers." --Benjamin Rush, physician, educator, and writer, Essays: Literary, Moral, and Philosophical, published in 1798 Which of the following mid-nineteenth century American conceptions of womanhood is a direct derivative of ideals like those summarized in the above excerpt? Select one: a. Women's suffrage as essential to American democracy b. Progressive emphasis on limiting work hours for women and children, allowing for domestic time c. Emphasis among the middle class on the role of women as guardians of benevolence and moral instruction d. Emphasis on women working both in the home and outside of the home to spread their societal influence Check

a. The sentiments that sparked the legislation above were most consistent with those that led to the British laws passed at the end of the Seven Years' War. This law was designed to maintain authority, silence criticism, and quash dissent. Some of Britain's policies in the years after the Seven Years' War were intended to serve a similar purpose.

"SECTION 1...If any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together, with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States..., or to impede the operation of any law of the United States, or to intimidate or prevent any person holding...office in or under the government of the United States, from undertaking, performing or executing his trust or duty, and if any person or persons, with intent as aforesaid, shall counsel, advise or attempt to procure any insurrection, riot, unlawful assembly, or combination..., he or they shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and on conviction...shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor exceeding five years... SECTION 2...If any person shall write, print, utter or publish, or shall cause or procure to be written, printed, uttered or published..., any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States, with intent to defame the said government...or to bring them...into contempt or disrepute; or to excite against them...the hatred of the good people of the United States..., or to aid, encourage or abet any hostile designs of any foreign nation against the United States..., then such person, being thereof convicted...shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment not exceeding two years." -- The Sedition Act, 1798 Passage of the above legislation was most consistent with the sentiments of: Select one: a. British laws passed after the end of the Seven Years' War. b. Thomas Paine's Common Sense. c. the Declaration of Independence. d. the Articles of Confederation.

The ideas of the Enlightenment CorrectThis option is correct. The ideas about government that Paine and Jefferson expressed were derived in large part from, and therefore most consistent with, ideas developed by Enlightenment thinkers.

"Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others... Here too is the design and end of government, Freedom and Security." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 "[G]overnments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The ideas about government expressed by Paine and Jefferson are most consistent with which of the following? Select one: a. The concept of hereditary rights and privileges b. The belief in Manifest Destiny c. The principle of religious freedom d. The ideas of the Enlightenment

a. dr The Democratic-Republicans were strongly in favor of supporting the French Revolution, a position that ran counter to Washington's point of view.

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influences is one of the most baneful foes of republican government... Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other... The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Washington's point of view in the address? a. Democratic-Republicans b. New England merchants c. Southern plantation owners d. Federalists

b. Jay's Treaty CorrectThis is correct. Jay's Treaty was an economic pact with the British which contradicts what he advises about creating foreign alliances.

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influences is one of the most baneful foes of republican government... Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other... The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 What specific actions taken by George Washington during his Presidency most contradict his statement? Select one: a. Proclamation of Neutrality b. Jay's Treaty c. Louisiana Purchase d. Whiskey Rebellion

c. controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France Washington's remarks were made in the context of debates over the issue of supporting the revolutionary government in France.

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influences is one of the most baneful foes of republican government... Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other... The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the a. debate over the proper treatment of American Indian tribes in the trans-Appalachian West b. dispute over the possibility of annexing Canada from Great Britain c. controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France d. conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of American Loyalists

c Washington advocated avoiding foreign entanglements as well as political factions.

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influences is one of the most baneful foes of republican government... Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other... The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 What other key concern did Washington express in his Farewell Address? a. The need for more state's rights to balance out the power of the federal government b. His concerns about the National Bank dominating the American economy c. Avoiding political parties to avoid unnecessary partisanship d. His opposition to the Bill of Rights

Intolerable acts

(also called the Coercive Acts) were harsh laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774. They were meant to punish the American colonists for the Boston Tea Party and other protests.

Alien and Sedition Acts and Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

---- allowed for the president to deport dangerous foreigners or imprison them if they proved to be dangerous. ----said that people couldn't speak badly of the government. resolution These resolutions were created due to Jefferson's fear of the alien and sedition acts. States had the right to say that the govt. had overstepped it's boundaries. States had the right to not obey govt. laws.

Battle of Saratoga and French Alliance

1777) Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.

Haitian Revolt

1789-1804, Washington, Adams, Jefferson; First successful slave revolt; led to more slave revolts because of hope of success now that there was an example; hurt France financially; gave Haiti freedom, spread fear of slave rebellion, first free slave nation in the western hemisphere, ended Napoleon's dream of an American empire which led to him selling the Louisiana land to the Americans

d. Most native societies gave women more respect a greater role in the raising of children.,

A philosopher once said, 'Let me make all the ballads of a country and I care not who makes its laws.' He might with more propriety have said, let the ladies of a country be educated properly, and they will not only make and administer its laws, but form its manners and character. ...The influence of female education would be still more extensive and useful in domestic life. ...Children would discover the marks of maternal prudence and wisdom in every station of life; for it has been remarked that there have been few great or good men who have not been blessed with wise and prudent mother --Benjamin Rush, physician, educator, and writer, Essays: Literary, Moral, and Philosophical, published in 1798 In which of the following societies did women have the most power and influence? elect one: a. African American society b. French society c. Spanish soceity d. Native society

french and Indian war

7 year war war gave great Britain territory in North American. Brit and France wanted to extend their North American colonies into land to the west of Appalachian mountains. After the war Brits got land but had to pay for war french was with natives

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. Her followers, the antinomianists, later founded New Hampshire.

Roger Williams

A dissenter, Roger Williams clashed with Massachusetts Puritans over the issue of separation of church and state. After being banished from Massachusetts in 1636, he founded the colony of Rhode Island, which granted full religious freedom to its inhabitants.

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

Pocahontas

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him. She paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.

Mercantilism

Increase wealth and power through acquisition of gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade. Colonies served interest of mother country through importation of its raw materials; commercialism

d This is the exception. Congress did have success with both the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 which established a systematic process for western settlement and future statehood.

All of the following are true of the Articles of Confederation EXCEPT: a. The Congress lacked the power to tax b. There was no executive branch to lead the nation c. Congress could not enforce its own treaties d. Congress had no control over western lands

a Most Americans supported the measure due to British guarantees in regard to protecting settlers on the frontier from Indian attacks . exception The Proclamation of 1763 was widely opposed in the American colonies. There was no guarantee about Indian attacks.

All of the following are true of the Proclamation of 1763 EXCEPT: a. Most Americans supported the measure due to British guarantees in regard to protecting settlers on the frontier from Indian attacks b. The British wanted to avoid the future expense of Indian Wars c. The Proclamation was impossible to enforce d. It was supported by most Native tribes

d. Jefferson saw England as a favorable ally, Hamilton trusted France .This is the exception. Hamilton felt that American should emulate England and follow her path to greatness while Jefferson cheered the French Revolution and distrusted British motives.

All of the following were substantial philosophical differences between Hamilton and Jefferson EXCEPT: a. Hamilton saw industry as America's future; Jefferson agriculture b. Hamilton was pro-national bank; Jefferson pro-state banks c. Jefferson believed in stronger states' rights; Hamilton in centralized power d. Jefferson saw England as a favorable ally, Hamilton trusted France

Battle of fallen Timbers

An attack made by American General "Mad Anthony Wayne" against invading Indians from the northwest. The defeat of the Indians ended the alliance made with the British and Indians

XYZ affair

An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.

European Expansion

Increased the world's population because of the foods found in the New World.

Salutary (Benign) Neglect

Attitude of the British in enforcing British rules on the colonists.

Boston Tea Party

Brit wanted to control tea trade and but to bail out the floundering East India Company, a key actor in the British economy. The British government granted the company a monopoly on the importation and sale of tea in the colonies., so people rebelled dressed as Mohawks and destroy shipload of tea

Powhatan

Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until Powhatan's death.

Indentured servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years.

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

John Locke

English philosopher who introduced the "Social Contract Theory" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

Dutch colonial efforts

Established New Holland along the Hudson River, burgeoning fur trade.

3 reports on the economy

Federal assumption of state debts. Would bring the states closer to the government and would allow the wealthy to attach themselves to the government, instead of the states. Central Government. 1. Report on Public Credit (pay all debts, assume state debts, sell bonds to the wealthy) 2. Report on Manufacturers (tariff on European based goods) 3. National Bank (necessary and proper clause. Collect taxes, loan $, make $, New businesses: support Fed. Govt.)

b This is the exception. There was no plan to pay a pension to veterans of the American Revolution.

Hamilton's Three Reports called for all of the following EXCEPT: a. Establish a national bank b. Generous pensions for veterans of the Revolution c. Pay off all existing state debts d. Create protective tariffs to help infant industries

John Winthrop

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.

stamp act

Greenville proposed tax that everything paper had to have a stamp, tax was to raise revenue and raise money for peace time army, people didn't like it because it was like "taxation without representation"

Pilgrims

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

a Now that the federal government was required to pay off all of the public debt, it had more control oveer methods of raising revenue to accomplish this task

How did Hamilton's Report on Public Credit favor a strong central government? Select one: a. It gave the federal government more control over taxation b. It increased the power of the federal military c. It disallowed the individual states from raising taxes d. It called for an economic alliance with Great Britain

townshend acts

Import duty to raise money and wanted to raise money to support peacetime army in the colonies but most of the money was used to pay royal officials in the colonies

revolution of 1800

Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule.

Battle of Yorktown and Treaty of Paris

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. which lead to negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence. The Continental Congress named a five-member commission to negotiate a treaty-John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens.

Pennsylvania's Gradual emancipation law

Law passed by Pensylvania saying, if born after 1780, a slave becomes a free man upon turning 28. They would work for 4 years afterwards as an indentured servant.

Pueblo

Meaning "town" in Spanish. Rebelled successfully against the Spanish in Pope's rebellion. Lived in the American Southwest.

Mulatto

Mixed African American and Caucasian

federalist viewpoint

Political party associated with Alexander Hamilton. Federalists supported Britain in its war against France. (Domestically, Federalists supported a strong federal government, a loose interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, a Bank of the United States, and revenue tariffs.)

democrat republican viewpoint

Political party associated with Thomas Jefferson. Democratic-Republicans supported France in its war against Britain. (Domestically, Federalists supported states' rights and a strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. They were opposed to a Bank of the United States and revenue tariffs.)

Calvinism

Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born).

Declaration of Independence and John Locke

Natural rights: ...they are endowed, by their creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. locke's idea all men created equal

Smallpox

Old World disease caused by the variola virus which octimated (killed 8 of 10) of the natives.

Puritans

Second most broad form of Protestant. Broke away from the Anglicans.

Pueblo revolt (Pope's Rebellion)

Rebellion of the Pueblo people because of harsh treatment and religious persecution.

Mayflower Compact

Rudimentary government outline set up by the pilgrims.

d. John Adams enacted this legislation to address perceived threats that arose from conflicts over foreign alliances and entanglements. He hoped to silence those who supported the French Republic and criticized his pro-British policies.

SECTION 1...If any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together, with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States..., or to impede the operation of any law of the United States, or to intimidate or prevent any person holding...office in or under the government of the United States, from undertaking, performing or executing his trust or duty, and if any person or persons, with intent as aforesaid, shall counsel, advise or attempt to procure any insurrection, riot, unlawful assembly, or combination..., he or they shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and on conviction...shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor exceeding five years... SECTION 2...If any person shall write, print, utter or publish, or shall cause or procure to be written, printed, uttered or published..., any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States, with intent to defame the said government...or to bring them...into contempt or disrepute; or to excite against them...the hatred of the good people of the United States..., or to aid, encourage or abet any hostile designs of any foreign nation against the United States..., then such person, being thereof convicted...shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment not exceeding two years." -- The Sedition Act, 1798 The legislation above was passed in response to which of the following challenges? Select one: a. The constant fear of Indian attacks along the border b. The limitations of the Articles of Confederation c. The potential for loyalist criticism and sabotage d. The threat posed by foreign alliances and entanglements

. It led to the French Alliance. The French saw this American victory as a sign that the British could be defeated and that they could avenge their loss to Britain in the French and Indian War.

The Battle of Saratoga is considered a turning point in the Revolutionary war because a. It was the final major engagement of the war b. It immediately led to an American Declaration of Independence c. It led to the British evacuation of New York City d. It led to the French Alliance.

Colonization an interactions among groups

The British wanted their colonists to not spread west to prevent conflicts with the natives allied with France and therefore France.

"Triangular Trade" (furs, tobacco, Carolinas-rice, Barbados- sugar)

The Colombian Exchange between Europe, Africa, and the New World.

Common Sense

Thomas Paine published the pamphlet, in 1776, in which argued that the colonists should free themselves from British rule and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals - one that would protect man's natural rights

c. Political parties traded power without major incidents . This was one of the few times in world history that the party in power gave up control of the government because it lost a popular election.

The election of 1800 was considered "revolutionary" because a. Violence erupted between Federalists and Jeffersonian Democrats b. Though a deadlock, Burr graciously stepped aside for Jefferson c. Political parties traded power without major incidents d. Once again, French intervention was the deciding factor

a. Free navigation of the Mississippi River CorrectYes. This important concession by the Spanish allowed western farmers to ship their crops down the Mississippi River.

The major U.S. benefit of signing Jay's Treaty was that it encouraged Spain to sign the Pinkney Treaty the next year, giving the U.S. a. Free navigation of the Mississippi River b. Cajun lands in the Louisiana Territory c. A substantial number of military ships d. An ally in any war with Britain or France

lexington and concord

These battles initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston. Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott

Intermarriage and colonization, slavery

Though the Spanish used intermarriage to make the colonies loyal to the crown, the British looked down upon the natives and considered intermarriage abhorrent. Slaves and Europeans having relations was highly taboo.

Causes for promoting Anglicization

To make the people more loyal to the crown.

European clash with American Indians

Usually because of resources such as land or gold and others such commodities.

proclamation of neutrality

Washington in 1793 be neutral between France vs Brit

c Although a new government was created, the initial goal was to simply amend the Articles government.

What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention? a. To raise an army to put down Shay's Rebellion b. To create an entirely new government c. To amend the Articles of Confederation d. To decrease the powers of the Confederation Congress

b reason Washington was alarmed at the French influence in America and warned against future alliances that could corrput American policies.

When George Washington stepped down from the presidency after two terms, he delivered his farewell address via the newspapers. In addition to his warning about political factions, what did Washington warn the country to avoid in that address? a. Excessive taxation b. Foreign alliances c. Overexpansion into the Ohio Valley d. Congressional tyranny

a. British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies CorrectThis option is correct. Both excerpts were written to protest the British government's efforts to assert greater control over its North American colonies.

Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others... Here too is the design and end of government, Freedom and Security." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 "[G]overnments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The excerpts were written in response to Select one: a. British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies b. British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians c. colonial government's failures to implement mercantilist policies d. colonial government's attempts to extend political rights to new groups

c. The relatively limited powers of the Articles of Confederation CorrectThis option is correct. Both principles expressed in the excerpts emphasize that government is designed to serve at the will of and to protect the governed, and therefore these principles best account for the relatively limited powers that the Articles of Confederation granted to its central government.

Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others... Here too is the design and end of government, Freedom and Security." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 "[G]overnments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The principles expressed by Paine and Jefferson best account for which of the following features of the United States during and immediately after the American Revolution? Select one: a. The development of factions and nascent political parties b. The rapid expansion of frontier settlements c. The relatively limited powers of the Articles of Confederation d. The growth of conflict between wealthy elites and poor farmers and laborers

a. Hamilton and the Federalists believed that maintaining a standing national debt would encourage wealthy citizen engagement in the government's success. These citizens, Hamilton reasoned, would be the ones who lent the government money and, therefore, would have a stake in its repayment. Hamilton's financial plan reflected his view that a successful nation required a strong centralized government of an enlightened ruling class. Thus, the wealthy and powerful were necessary, and he wanted to give them a stake in the government succeeding.

Which of the following best describes the reasoning behind the financial construct adopted by the early U.S. government shown in the pie chart? a. The wealthy lenders who would fund the national debt would have a direct interest in a strong and successful national government b. Early Republican lawmakers were reluctant to enact any kind of direct or indirect taxes. c. Congress did not consider long-term economic investment to be in the nation's best interests. d. States were eager to turn over the management of their affairs to the central federal government.

It altered the relationship between America and Britain in a negative way. This is true. To make up for the cost of the war, Britain began to control and tax the colonies more heavily which led to American resentment and eventually to the Revolutionary War.

Which of the following resulted from the French and Indian War? a. American was granted its independence b. French forces took permanent control of Canada c. Native tribes came out of the war in a much stronger position d. It altered the relationship between America and Britain in a negative way

d Wealthy speculators had bought up securities at a fraction of their true value and were poised to make huge profits if the debt was payed in full. Since Hamilton wanted their support for the new government, he favored this situation.

Who was most of the domestic debt owed to? Select one: a. Soldiers from the Revolutionary War b. Poor framers who had helped supply the Revolutionary Army c. Native Americans d. Wealthy speculators

tarrif

a tax placed on imports to increase their price in the domestic market

committees of correspondence

body established by various towns or assemblies of the American colonies to exchange information with each other, mold public opinion, and take joint action against the British. First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia.

Boston Massacre

brits sent troops to colonies , citizens first instigated. there was an article in news paper and made people think bad about brits even more

federalist papers

collection of essays by John Jay, Hamilton, Madison explained strong important gov. published to convince new york to ratify the constitution

Pequot War

conflict between the Pequot tribe against an alliance of the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies and the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes; Caused by colonists moving closer and closer to the Pequot tribe area and conflicts arise over unfair trading and destruction of crops; Ended up demolishing Pequot tribe.

Pontiac's rebellion

during the French and Indian War Chief Pontiac gathered up Native American groups and captured British posts, primitive use of biological warfare on blankets, weakened Indian alliance and British won, Indians came to a peace agreement and British took control of the land

whiskey rebellion

farmers taxed on drink 10 cents on gallon so rebelled. western Pennsylvania

Paxton Boys

frontiersmen of Scots-Irish origin from along the Susquehanna River in central Pennsylvania who formed a vigilante group to retaliate in 1763 against local American Indians in the aftermath of the French and Indian War and Pontiac's Rebellion.

proclamation of 1763

issued of October 7, 1763 and was created to alleviate relations with natives after the French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the Appalachian Mountains.

Tories

loyalists members of england and Brit. They were opposed by the Patriots, those who supported the revolution.

Constitutional convention

meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the article of confederation which produces the new u.s. constitution

2nd continental congress

met in Philadelphia between September 5, 1774 and October 26, 1774. debated on was whether to declare independence from Britain.

Sons of Liberty

organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. They played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765

letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

papers written by John Dickinson which stated that Parliament could not exercise its power to raise revenue for itself in the colonies. It could regulate colonial trade however. This allowed the colonists to feel as if they could approve each of Parliament's laws pertaining to trade and then decide whether or not to obey it. This was ineffective.

albany plan

plan for 13 colonies made by Benjamin Franklin meet in here negotiate a treaty w/ Iroquois rejected it

Statue on Religious Freedom

statement about both freedom of conscience and the principle of separation of church and state. Written by Thomas Jefferson and passed by the Virginia General Assembly on January 16, 1786, it is the forerunner of the first amendment protections for religious freedom.

jays treaty

stop conflict w/ Brit and prevent war between 2 nations. There was commercial relationship. They didn't get promise from Brit. rep and feder prevent ratification but senate ratifies

Shay's rebellion

this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes

first continental congress

was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania early in the American Revolution., to organize colonial resistance to Parliament's Coercive Acts.

bill of rights

which consist of the first ten Constitutional Amendments, guarantee certain rights to America citizens in all circumstances. This bill was put forth by Anti-Federalists, who feared forms of government intrusion on personal liberties.

Abigail Adams

wife of second president John Adams. She attempted to get rights for the "Ladies" from her husband who at the time was on the committee for designing the Declaration of Independence.