"Federal Aviation Regulations" (From Class Handouts)

Pilots are required to familiarize themselves with all available information concerning the flight prior to every flight, and specifically to determine for EACH INSTANCE: (6 Requirements)

*For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use and the airplane's takeoff and landing requirements. *For IFR flights or those not in the vicinity of an airport. *Weather reports and forecasts. *Fuel requirements. *Alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed. *Any known traffic delays.

(Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage, Mail, Cargo, and Records): Prior to the time the Board or its authorized representatives takes custody of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, suck wreckage, mail or cargo may not be disturbed or moved except to- *(3 exceptions)

*Remove persons injured or trapped *Protect the wreckage from further damage, or *Protect the public from injury

Fuel Requirements: Day = Night =

- (Day) Fly to the first point of intended landing and then for an additional 30 min at normal cruise speed. - (Night) Sufficient fuel to fly for an additional 45 min.

(FAR PART 61)- A person may not act as a pilot in command of any of the following aircraft unless (s)he holds a type rating for the aircraft: *(3 requirements)

-A large aircraft (over 12,500 lbs gross weight) -A turbojet-powered airplane -Other aircraft specified by the FAA through aircraft type certification procedures

A= R= R= O= W=

-Airworthiness Certificate -Registration certificate -Radio state license (FCC requirement for international flights - not the FAA) -Operating limitations -Weight and balance data

Any person may tow a glider if that person has: *(5 Requirements)

-At least a private pilot certificate -100 hr of Pilot in Command time in the Aircraft category, class and type (if required) that the pilot is using to tow a glider -A logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person has received ground and flight training in gliders (within the preceding 24 months) -Made at least three actual or simulated glider tows while accompanied by a qualified pilot -Made at least three flights as pilot in command of a glider towed by an aircraft

(FAR PART 61)- For Operations requiring a private, recreational, or student pilot certificate, a First, Second, or third class medical certificate:

-At the end of the 60th month after the date of examination shown on the certificate, if you have not reached your 40th birthday on or before the date of examination. or -At the end of the 24th month after the date of examination shown on the certificate, if you have reached your 40th birthday on or before the date of examination.

(FAR PART 71): refers to Federal Airways, which includes: *(3 items)

-Include Class E airspace. -Extending upward from 1200 feet AGL to and including 17,999 ft MSL. -Within parallel boundary lines 4 NM each side of airways centerline.

A recreational pilot must carry his or her logbook with the required authorized instructor endorsements on all solo flights: *(4 requirements)

-That exceed 50nm from the airport at which training was received -Within airspace that requires communication with air traffic control -Conducted between sunset and sunrise -In an aircraft for which the pilot does not hold an appropriate category or class rating

Pilot may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft used in a passenger-carrying airlift sponsored by a charitable organization for which passengers make donations to the organization if: *(7 requirements)

-The local FSDO is notified at least 7 days before the flight. -The flight is conducted from an adequate public airport. -The pilot has logged at least 500 hours. -No acrobatic or formation flights are permitted. -The aircraft holds a standard airworthiness certificate and is airworthy. -The flight is day-VFR. -The flight is non-stop, begins and ends at the same airport, and is conducted within 25nm radius of that airport.

Night is:

-Time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight -Recency of experience = 1 hr after sunset to 1 hr before sunrise

No person may act as a crew member of a civil airplane while having ______ percent by weight or more alcohol in the blood or if any alcoholic beverages have been consumed within the preceding ______ hours.

.04 8

Emergency Locator Transmitter batteries must be replaced (or recharged, if rechargeable) after ...

1 cumulative hour of use or more than 50% of their useful life expires.

Night is defined as the period beginning _______________________________________ and ________________________________________.

1 hour after sunset ending 1 hour before sunrise

(Special VFR Weather Minimums): With a few exceptions, special VFR clearances can be requested in Class B, C, D or E. Must remain clear of clouds and have at least ___ ______ __________ visibility.

1 statute mile

The operator of an aircraft shall file a report on Board Form 6120.1/2 within ___ days after an accident.

10

The speed limit is 250kn (288 MPH) when flying below __________ ft MSL and in Class ___ airspace.

10,000 B

100-hr inspections are due every ...

100 hr from the prior due time, regardless of when the inspection was actually performed.

All aircraft that are used for compensation or hire, including flight instruction, must be inspected on a ...

100-hr basis in addition to the annual inspection.

Over congested areas (cities, town settlements, or open-air assemblies), a pilot must maintain an altitude of _______ft above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2000 ft of the airplane.

1000

Annual inspections expire on the last day of the _______ calendar month after the previous annual inspection.

12th

Pilots and crew members must use supplemental oxygen at cabin pressure altitudes above _________ ft MSL.

14,000

When at or below ___________ ft AGL and within _____ NM of the primary airport of Class C or Class D airspace, the speed limit is 200 kt, (230 MPH).

2,500 4

The altimeter of an airplane is required to be set to _________ at or above 18,000 ft MSL to guarantee vertical separation of airplanes above 18,000 ft. MSL.

29.92

With certain exceptions, all aircraft within a ____NM radius of Class B primary airport and from the surface up to _________ ft MSL must have an operable transponder with Mode C.

30 10,000

You may not exercise the privileges of your pilot certificate after...

30 days from moving unless you make this notify FAA.

If you receive priority from ATC in an emergency, you must, upon request, file a detailed report within _____ hrs to the chief of that ATC facility even if no rule has been violated.

48

ELTs may only be tested on the ground during the first...

5 min after the hour. No airborne checks are allowed.

The minimum altitude over other than congested areas is _______ ft AGL.

500

With certain exceptions, each occupant of an aircraft must wear an approved parachute during any intentional maneuver exceeding:

60 bank or nose-up or nose-down attitude of 30.

A report must be filed within ___ days if an overdue aircraft is still missing.

7

4 Aircraft Categories (certification of airman)

Airplane Rotorcraft Glider Lighter-than-air

What must always be on board the airplane?

Airworthiness certificate, FAA registration certificate and aircraft flight manual or operating limitations

Duration of Airworthiness Certificates

Airworthiness certificates remain in force as long as maintenance and alteration of the aircraft are performed per FARs

Airplanes operating on the ground or in the air between sunset and sunrise must display light position (navigation) lights, except in _________.

Alaska

_________ passengers of airplanes must wear their safety belts during taxi, takeoffs, and landings.

All

No student pilot may take off or land at the following airports: *(12 airports)

Andrews AFB Atlanta Hartsfield Boston Logan Chicago O'Hare Intl Dallas/Ft Worth Intl Los Angeles International Miami Intl Newark Intl New York Kennedy New York La Guardia San Francisco Intl Washington Natl.

Air traffic control

Authorization to proceed under specific traffic conditions in controlled airspace

(Right of Way Rules: Except water operations): When two aircraft of different categories are converging, the right-of-way depends upon who has the least maneuverability. Thus the order is:

Balloons over Gliders over Airships over Airplanes or rotorcraft

Class _____ Airspace: Controlled airspace that requires radio communication with ATC.

C

You must notify the ___ ________ ___________ ________ in writing of any change in your permanent mailing address.

FAA Airmen Certification Branch

(FAR PART 47)- The back side of sold registrations must be filled out with the appropriate information from the sale as well as the new owner's name. The certificate must then be mailed back to the..

FAA Registry in Oklahoma City.

_______________ ___________________ of an airplane may be found in the current FAA-approved flight manual, approved manual material, markings and placards, or any combination from that cause.

Operating limitations

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ is grounds for the denial of an application for a certificate, rating, or authorization issued under 14 CFR Part 91.

Operating or attempting to operate an aircraft as a crew member while under the influence of drugs or alcohol....

During an in-flight emergency, the ______ __ ______ may deviate from the FARs to the extent necessary to handle the emergency.

Pilot in Command

The ________ ___ _________ is also responsible for ensuring that the aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition and that there is compliance with all ADs.

Pilot in Command

_____________ must ensure that each occupant is briefed on how to use the safety belts and, if installed, shoulder harnesses

Pilots

4 Airplane Classes (certification of airman)

Single-engine land Multi-engine land Single-engine sea Multi-engine sea (not Pictured)

__________________ _________________ may use the floor of the aircraft as a seat (but still must use a safety belt).

Sport parachutists

7 Categories (for certification of aircraft purposes):

Transport Normal Utility Limited Restricted Acrobatic Provisional

Class A Airspace is IFR only, no ...

VFR flying

(Except when operating under a special VFR clearance): You must not operate your airplane beneath the ceiling under ...

VFR within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, Class C Class D or Class E airspace designated for an airport when the ceiling is less than 1000 feet.

Parachutes that include a canopy, shrouds, and harness that are composed exclusively of nylon, rayon, or other similar synthetic fibers must have been repacked by ...

a certificated and appropriately rated parachute rigger within the preceding 180 days.

Exception exists in the case of aircraft issued an experimental airworthiness certificate or ...

a special light-sport airworthiness certificate

ADs are under FAR Part 39 and are regulatory and must be complied with, unless __________________________________________________...

a specific exemption is granted.

If priority is given, ...

a written report (if requested) must be submitted in 48 hours.

Flight review must have been satisfactorily completed within the previous 24 calendar months to ...

act as pilot in command of an aircraft for which that pilot is rated.

The __________ of an airplane can be determined by a preflight inspection and a review of the maintenance records.

airworthiness

The operating limitations for these aircraft are attached to the _____________________ _______________________, which is carried on the aircraft.

airworthiness certificate

(regarding the inspection): The documentation should include the current status of ......

airworthiness directives and the method of compliance.

Prior to takeoff, the _____________ should be set to the current local altimeter setting. If the current local altimeter setting is not available, use the departure airport elevation.

altimeter

(FAR PART 61)- A high performance airplane is defined as ...

an airplane with an engine of more than 200 horsepower.

(Maintenance records) An airplane may not be flown unless it has been given ...

an annual inspection within the preceding 12 calendar months.

Private pilots will not pay less than an ...

an equal (pro rata) share of the operating expenses of a flight with the passengers

(FAR PART 47)- A dealer's aircraft registration certificate is

another form of aircraft registration.

Airworthiness Directives are issued under FAR part 39 by the FAA to require correction of unsafe conditions found in an airplane, an airplane engine, a propeller, or an appliance when such conditions exist and _____________________________________...

are likely to exist or develop in other products of the same design.

(Right-of-Way Rules: Water Operations): When aircraft, or an aircraft and a vessel, _____________________________________ , the aircraft or vessel to the other's right has the right-of-way.

are on crossing courses

All three landings (touch n go's) must be made in aircraft of the same category, class, and, if a type rating is required, type ...

as the one in which the passengers are to be carried.

No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental or restricted certificate over a densely populated area or in a congested airway unless ...

authorized by the FAA.

Parachutes that are available for emergency use must be packed within a specific time period,

based on the materials from which they are constructed.

The pilot test flying the aircraft must ...

be at least a private pilot and rated for the type of aircraft being tested.

VX

best angle of climb

VY

best rate of climb

Although restricted areas are not always in use during the times posted in the legend of sectional charts, permissions to fly in that airspace must be obtained from the controlling agency. The controlling agency is listed for each restricted area at the ...

bottom of sectional charts.

No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight except ...

by prior arrangement with the PIC of each aircraft in formation.

(FAR PART 43) A person who holds a pilot certificate may perform preventative maintenance on any airplane owned or operated ...

by that pilot that is not used in air carrier services.

Over open water or sparsely populated areas, an airplane may not be operated ...

closer than 500 ft to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.

(FAR PART 61)- A ___________ ___________ is defined as an airplane with retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller

complex airplane

VA

design maneuvering speed

The PIC shall _______________ the fight when un-airworthy conditions (electrical, mechanical or structural) occur.

discontinue

Altitude in all areas must be sufficient to permit an ______________ ________________ without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface if a power unit fails.

emergency landing

(Right of Way Rules: Except water operations): An aircraft towing or refueling another aircraft has the right-of-way over all ___________________ aircraft.

engine-driven

No person may operate a product to which an AD applies ___________________________________________...

except in accordance with the requirements of the AD.

The __________ of the 24-month period for the flight review falls on the last day of the 24th month after the month of the examination date (24 calendar months).

expiration

A _____ ______ consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training by an authorized instructor and 1 hour of ground training.

flight review

Expenses may involve only:

fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees

No person may use an ATC transponder unless it ...

has been tested and inspected within the preceding 24 calendar months

To carry passengers at night, you must, within the last 90 days,

have made thee takeoffs and three landings to a full stop at night in an aircraft of the same category, class and type if required.

The Owner or operator of an aircraft is primarily responsible for maintaining that aircraft is ...

in an airworthy condition and for complying with all Airworthiness Directives (ADs).

(Right of Way Rules: Except water operations): Aircraft ___ _________ have the right-of-way over all other aircraft.

in distress

The completion of the annual inspection and the airplane itself, and the airplane's return to service should be appropriately documented ...

in the airplane maintenance records.

(Special VFR Weather Minimums): If at night, the pilot must have an ______________ rating and the aircraft must be ______ equipped.

instrument IFR

(FAR PART 43) After preventative maintenance has been performed, the signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate held by the person approving the work, the date, and a description of the work must be entered...

into the aircraft maintenance records.

Restricted areas have unusual and often _____________ __________ to aircraft (balloons, military operations, artillery, etc...)

invisible hazards

To operate a civil aircraft, a valid U.S. registration ...

issued to the owner of the aircraft must be on board.

(Right of Way Rules: Except water operations): If an airplane of the same category as yours is approaching from your right side, it has the right-of-way

it has the right-of-way.

(VFR weather minimums): An airplane may be operated clear of clouds in class G airspace at night below 1200 ft AGL when the visibility is ...

less than 3 SM but more than 1SM in a airport traffic pattern and within ½ NM of the runway.

(FAR PART 91) In emergencies, a pilot may deviate from the FARs to the extent needed to ...

maintain the safety of the airplane and passengers.

VFE

maximum flap extended speed

VLE

maximum landing gear extended speed

VNO

maximum structural cruising speed

You _____ ________ an airplane that ___ _____ in compliance with an AD, if such operation is allowed by the AD.

may operate is not

(FAR PART 61)- Each person holding a certificate under part 61 shall provide a written report of each motor vehicle accident involving alcohol or drugs to the FAA, Civil Aviation Security Division,

no later than 60 days after the motor vehicle action.

(Special VFR Weather Minimums): Special VFR is an ATC clearance obtained from the control tower. If no control tower, ...

obtain from the appropriate air traffic control facility.

An airplane's annual inspection expires after 1 year,

on the last day of the month of issuance.

Private pilots may operate an aircraft carrying passengers on business ..... (Example: CPA who is a private pilot might fly an aircraft carrying CPAs to a client.)

only if the flight is incidental to that business or employment and the pilot is not paid as a pilot.

A report on an incident (830.5) for which immediate notification is required shall be filed ...

only when requested by an authorized representative of the Board.

An __________ is a person who uses, or causes to use or authorizes to use, an aircraft for the purpose of air navigation, including the piloting of an aircraft, with or without the right of legal control (owner, lessee, or otherwise).

operator

Each ______ or ___________ of an aircraft shall ensure that maintenance personnel make the appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance records indicating the aircraft has been approved for return to service.

owner operator

All occupants must be provided with ______________ in an airplane operated at cabin pressure altitudes above 15,000 ft MSL.

oxygen

The ________ should notify ATC about the deviation as soon as possible.

pilot

(FAR PART 61)- You must present your _______ __________ or ___________ ____________ upon the request of the Administration of the FAA or his or her representative; the NTSB; or any federal, state, or local law enforcement officer.

pilot certificate medical certificate

The ______ ____ _________ is responsible for determining that the airplane is airworthy prior to every flight.

pilot in commmand

When aircraft or repairs change the flight characteristics, the aircraft must be test flown and approved for return to service...

prior to carrying passengers.

Objects may be dropped if ...

reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to persons or property.

(FAR PART 91) The Pilot in command of an aircraft is directly ...

responsible for, and is the final authority as to the operation of the aircraft.

(Right of Way Rules: Except water operations): When two aircraft are approaching head on or nearly so, the pilot of each aircraft should turn to his or her _______, regardless of category.

right

(Right of Way Rules: Except water operations): When aircraft of the ________ ___________ are converging at approximately the same altitude, except head on or nearly so, the aircraft to the other's right has the right of way.

same category

A passenger who has not reached his or her ___________ birthday may be held by an adult.

second

(FAR PART 91) A written report of any deviations from FARs ...

should be filed with the FAA upon request.

If ________________ ___________________ are available, they must be used for takeoff and landing for flight crew members.

shoulder harnesses

Parachutes that include any part that is composed of _______, _________, or___________ ___________ ________ materials must be repacked by a certificated and appropriately rated parachute rigger within the preceding 60 days.

silk, pongee, or other natural fiber

(FAR PART 43) Preventative maintenance means ______ or _____ ____________ and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operations. Examples include replenishing hydraulic fluid and servicing landing gear wheel bearings

simple minor preservation

VSO

stalling speed with minimum steady flight speed in landing configuration (flaps and gear down)

The landings must be to a full stop if the airplane is _______________________________ rather than a nose wheel.

tailwheel(conventional)

During _______________ _______ ______________, and while en-route, each required flight crewmember shall keep his or her safety belt fastened while at his or her station.

takeoff and landing

Pilots must notify all occupants to fasten their safety belts before ...

taxiing, taking off, or landing.

No person may act as a crew member of a civil airplane if using any drug ...

that affects the person's faculties in any way contrary to safety.

(Right of Way Rules: Except water operations): When two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing, __________________________________________________________________________. ***(This rule shall not be abused by cutting in front of or overtaking another aircraft)

the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right-of-way.

No person may operate a civil aircraft unless ...

the aircraft has a U.S. airworthiness certificate displayed in a manner that makes it legible to passengers and crew.

(Except when operating under a special VFR clearance): You may not take off, land, or enter the traffic pattern of an airport in Class B, Class C, Class D or Class E airspace unless ...

the ground visibility is at least 3 SM. If ground visibility is not reported, flight visibility must be at least 3 statute miles.

(FAR PART 47)- Effective March 31, 2008, 14 CFR Part 47.31(b) requires that once the aircraft is sold ....

the owner surrender of the original aircraft registration certificate.

(FAR PART 43) To approve the airplane for return to service, after preventative maintenance was done by the pilot,

the pilot must hold at least a private pilot certificate.

When flying under Class B airspace or in VFR corridors through Class B airspace, ...

the speed limit is 200 kt (230MPH).

To carry passengers, you must have made ...

three landings and three takeoffs within the preceding 90 days.

No pilot in command of a civil aircraft may allow any object ...

to be dropped from that aircraft in flight that creates a hazard to persons or property.

NTSB Part 830: Even when no injuries occur to occupants, an airplane accident resulting in substantial damage must be reported...

to the nearest National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) filed office immediately.

A pilot must establish ________ ________ _____________ ___________ prior to entering Class C airspace and maintain it while within Class C airspace, regardless of weather conditions.

two-way radio communication

Student pilot operations in Class B airspace are only permitted ...

with appropriate logbook endorsements.

(FAR PART 47)- It is valid only for flights _______ the United States by the manufacturer or a dealer for ______ _______ or _________________ of sale.

within flight testing demonstration

Pilots and crew members may not operate an airplane at cabin pressure altitudes above 12,500 feet MSL up to and including 14,000 ft MSL for more than 30 min _____________ ________________ _______________.

without supplemental oxygen.

(FAR PART 61)- When acting as a pilot in command or as a required pilot flight crew member,

you must have a valid pilot certificate and a current and appropriate medical certificate in your personal possession or readily accessible in the airplane.

(FAR PART 61)- To Act as pilot in command of a complex airplane,

you must receive and log ground and flight training and receive a logbook endorsement.

(FAR PART 61)- To act a pilot in command of a high-performance airplane,

you must receive and log ground and flight training and receive a logbook endorsement.

When an Air Traffic Control clearance is obtained, no pilot may deviate from that clearance, except in an emergency, unless an amended clearance is obtained or the deviation is in response to a traffic alert and collision avoidance system resolution advisory. If you feel a rule deviation will occur, ....

you should immediately advise ATC.

What specified altitudes (conditions) are required for VFR cruising flight at more than 3,000 ft AGL and below 18,000 ft MSL? *(5 requirements)

~ Depends on your Magnetic Course (not heading) ~ Altitude is mean sea level (MSL) ~ 0⁰ - 179⁰ = odd thousand plus 500 feet ~ 180⁰-359⁰ = even thousand plus 500 feet ~ East is odd, West is even odder

The following incidents must also be reported immediately to the NTSB: *(6 Incidents)

~Inability of any required crew member to perform normal flight duties because of in-flight injury or illness. ~In-flight fire ~Flight control system malfunction or failure ~An overdue airplane that is believed to be involved in an accident. ~Airplane collision in flight ~Turbine (jet) engine failures

Class B is controlled airspace found at larger airports with high volumes of traffic- (4) Requirements:

~Must have at least a private pilot certificate or a student pilot certificate with the appropriate logbook endorsements. ~Authorization must be received from ATC, regardless of weather conditions. ~Airplane must have two-way communications radio and a transponder equipped with Mode C that permits ATC to obtain an altitude readout on its radar screen. ~A VOR receiver is required only when operating IFR.

Restricted category civil aircraft may not normally be operated: *(3 conditions)

~Over densely populated areas ~In congested airways ~Near a busy airport where passenger transport is conducted

For flight through Class B airspace, the student pilot must:

~Receive ground and flight instructions pertaining to that specific Class B airspace area. ~Have a CFI logbook endorsement within 90 days for solo flight at that specific airport.

PIC is responsible for ensuring that all passengers have been orally briefed prior to takeoff. They should include they following 6 briefs:

~Smoking ~Use of safety belts and shoulder harnesses. ~Location and means of opening the passenger entry door and emergency exits. ~Location of survival equipment. ~Ditching procedures and the use of flotation equipment. ~Normal and emergency use of oxygen equipment if installed in the airplane.

Aerobatic flight is prohibited: *(5 requirements)

~When flight visibility is less than 3 SM ~When altitude is less than 1,500 ft above the ground ~Within within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, C, D or E airspace designated for an airport ~Within 4 NM of the centerline of any federal airway ~Over any congested area or over an open-air assembly of people

(ATC Transponder and Altitude Reporting Equipment): All aircraft must have and use an altitude-encoding transponder when operating: *(5 requirements)

~Within Class A airspace ~Within Class B airspace ~Within 30 NM of the Class airspace primary airport ~Within and above Class C airspace ~Above 10,000 ft MSL except at and below 2,500 ft AGL

Aerobatic Flight includes all intentional maneuvers that: *(2 answers)

~are not necessary for normal flight ~involve an abrupt change in the airplane's attitude