APUSH Semester Review
Deists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries believed that
natural laws, set by the Creator, govern the operation of the universe
American leaders during the Revolutionary period were profoundly influenced by British thinkers who stressed
the natural rights of man
The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because
the party in power stepped down after losing the election
When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans—we are all federalists," he meant that
the principles of American government were above party politics
The map above shows the United States
1821
The American Transcendentalists may be characterized as which of the following?
A group of Northern intellectuals who shared a belief in the value of human intuition, the presence of divinity in nature, and an emotional comprehension of God
Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century New England?
A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities
"In the new Code of Law which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would remember the Ladies."
Abigail Adams
Let it not be said I am contending for the establishment of political and social equality between the whites and blacks. I have already said the contrary. I am not now combating the argument of NECESSITY, arising from the fact that the blacks are already amongst us; but I am combating what I set up as MORAL argument for allowing them to be taken where they have yet been—arguing against the EXTENSION of a bad thing, which where it already exists we must of necessity, manage as we best can."
Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson's conception of what was to be done following the Civil War is best described by the term
"restoration"
The United States reversed its earlier refusal and proceeded to annex Texas for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A Mexican Army was on its way toward Texas to reconquer it
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States decision to declare war against Great Britain In 1812?
American military and economic preparedness for war
The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
American patriots realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable
Of the following, which was the principal issue on which the United States sought settlement with Great Britain at the outset of the War of 1812?
An end to impressment
The document in which the above statement appeared was issued during the presidential administration of
Andrew Jackson
All of the following statements about pre-Civil War American slavery are true EXCEPT
Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South
Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?
Ireland
The people who settled New England in the seventeenth century were known as Puritans from their attempt to purify the
Church of England
After the Dred Scott case was decided, Stephen Douglas did which of the following?
Continued to believe that the people of a territory could exclude slavery if they wished to do so.
Asserted the right of Parliament to legislate in all matters regarding the colonies
Declaratory Act
". . . the descendants of Africans who were imported into this country, and sold as slaves . . . are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word 'citizens' in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States."
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of slavery in the United States in the first quarter of the nineteenth century?
Invention of the cotton gin
Which of the following groups was LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s?
Established merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia
The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following?
Established the terms for settlement and admission of new States
Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "Redeemer" administrations?
Establishment of a public school system
In 1787-1789, which of the following groups was most likely to oppose ratification of the Constitution?
Farmers in isolated areas
Adopted the Continental Association as a plan for commercial nonintercourse with England
First Continental Congress
Declared an act of the Georgia legislature unconstitutional as a violation of contract
Fletcher v. Peck
All of the following reflected a states' rights position EXCEPT the
Fourteenth Amendment
France assisted the American colonies in their struggle for independence against Great Britain mainly because of
France's desire to avenge recent defeats at the hands of Great Britain
On which of the following principles did most Jacksonian agree?
Freedom of economic opportunity
"The Negro slaves of the South are the happiest, and in some sense, the freest people in the world. They enjoy liberty, because they're oppressed neither by care nor labor. The free laborer must work or starve. He is more a slave than the Negro."
George Fitzhugh
"Let me . . . warn you in the most solemn manner against the ruinous effects of the spirit of party. . . . The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension . . . is itself a frightful despotism."
George Washington's concern about the development of political parties during his administration
Ruled that a State's power over commerce could not interfere with federal control over interstate commerce
Gibbons v. Ogden
Thomas Jefferson opposed some of Alexander Hamilton's programs because Jefferson believed that
Hamilton's programs favored wealthy financial interests
"That it be and hereby is recommended to the legislatures of the several states represented in this convention, to adopt all such measures as may be necessary effectually to protect the citizens of said states from the operation and effects of all acts which have been or may be passed by the Congress of the United States, which shall contain provisions, subjecting the militia or other citizens to forcible drafts, conscriptions, or impressments, not authorized by the Constitution of the United States."
Hartford Convention
I. Land speculators with interests west of the Appalachians II. Newspaper editors and lawyers III. Farmers wishing to settle in the Ohio River valley IV. Boston smugglers
I, II, III, and IV
I Political repression of dissident Protestants II An economic recession III Restrictions on Puritan religious practices
I, II, and III
I. Government aid to American shipping II. Increasing the appropriation for military purposes III. Increasing domestic federal taxation IV. A homestead bill granting free land to settlers
I, II, and III only
I. A majority supported Andrew Jackson but did not support Martin Van Buren II. They became politically more active during Andrew Jackson's presidency III. A majority failed to identify with a political party
II and III only
Which of the following provided sources of revenue for the federal government in the period from 1800 to 1860?
III and IV only
The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects?
It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America
Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas?
It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's
Which of the following is a true statement about the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution?
It recognized United States sovereignty over territory east of the Mississippi, between the Great Lakes and Florida
Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia?
It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in the tobacco fields
Which of the following statements about the Dred Scott decision is correct?
It stated that black people were not citizens of the United States
Which of the following statements about the Monroe Doctrine is accurate?
It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems
Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation?
It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament
Which of the following facts casts the greatest doubt on the accuracy of Jefferson's note confirming the concluding phrase of Henry's speech?
Jefferson's note was written fifty-two years after the speech was delivered
The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in
Kansas
The Supreme Court declared an action by a State unconstitutional in all of the following cases EXCEPT
Marbury v. Madison
Ruled that the power of a State to tax a federal instrumentality implied the power to destroy that instrumentality and, therefore, that such taxation was unconstitutional
McCulloch v. Maryland
Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?
Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican War
The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the
Missouri Compromise
The graph above refutes which of the following statements?
Most southern families held slaves
Which of the following was a provision of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
New States created from the Northwest Territory were to be on an equal footing with the original States
Federal Reconstruction policies between 1867 and 1876 followed, for the most part, the wishes of
Northern Republicans in Congress
The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned
Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests
Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward political parties?
Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government
"Goaded to desperation by the tactics of the frontier trappers and traders, affronted by the refusal of the English to continue the French practice of annual gifts, and foreseeing the crowding of the territory by English settlers, the Indians of the Ohio valley formed a grand confederacy under the leadership of the chief of the Ottawa."
Pontiac's Conspiracy (1763)
The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Which of the following stressed the importance of individual inspiration, self-reliance, dissent, and nonconformity?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Which of the following most likely increased Mexican suspicion of United States territorial objectives in the 1830's and 1840's?
Rhetoric on "manifest destiny" in the American Press
Which of the following moved in greatest numbers into Appalachia as the American Indians of the region were defeated?
Scotch-Irish, German, and English immigrants
Promulgated the Articles of Confederation
Second Continental Congress
Which of the following best explains why Massachusetts Bay officials banished Anne Hutchinson?
She challenged gender roles and Puritan orthodoxy
Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era?
She generally lost control of her property when she married
Which of the following is true of the slave system in eighteenth-century British North America?
Slave owners gained increased legal power over their slaves
Before 1861 the Republican Party's view on the slavery issue was best characterized by which of the following?
Slavery should be permitted only in those areas where it already existed
A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts."
Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations
". . . if the people of a territory want slavery, they have a right to have it, and if they do not want it, no power on earth can force it upon them. I hold that there is no principle on earth more sacred to all the friends of freedom than that which says that no institution, no law, no constitution, should be forced on an unwilling people contrary to their wishes. . . ."
Stephen A. Douglas
Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877?
The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election
Which of the following was Great Britain's justification for its continued occupation of a number of posts on United States soil despite the terms of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?
The United States had violated the treaty clauses dealing with the restoration of Loyalist property
The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following?
The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans
In the presidential campaign of 1860, which of the following positions was asserted by the Republican party platform with respect to slavery?
The extension of slavery to United States territories should be prohibited by the federal government, but slavery should be protected in the States where it already existed
Which of the following reflected the increasing conflict between Great Britain and her American colonies from the time of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773 to the end of 1775?
The formation of a network of local colonial committees to enforce anti-British measures and punish those sympathizing with Great Britain
The Stono Rebellion and the New York conspiracy trials of 1741 revealed which of the following?
The inability of newcomers to acquire fertile farmland
Many of the Founding Fathers sought to establish a republican form of government which, although extending popular participation, would nevertheless promote rule only by the worthiest and wisest. Which of the following is LEAST relevant to the Founding Fathers' ideal of "mixed government"?
The lessening of regional tensions by establishing the capital in Washington, D.C.
Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration?
The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased
The illustration above was most likely meant to symbolize which of the following?
The principles of republican agrarianism
President Jackson's Native American (Indian) policy resulted in which of the following?
The removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to settlements across the Mississippi
Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?"
The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery shall be permitted there
Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?
Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans
Which of the following was a characteristic of colonial Pennsylvania?
There was no established church
Which of the following statements concerning colonial legislative assemblies before 1763 is most accurate?
They enacted laws that royal governors could not veto
Which of the following is a correct statement about the "Black Codes" enacted in the South after the Civil War?
They prompted congressional Republicans to demand harsher measures against the South.
Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of 17th century Puritans toward religious liberty?
They tolerated no one whose expressed religious views varied from their own views
The colonists of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island had which of the following in common?
They were founded as refuges from religious persecution
Which of the following is correct about the tariffs passed during the period 1816-1828?
They were the first tariffs whose major purpose was protection
New Harmony and Brook Farm had which of the following in common?
They were utopian communities that separated from the rest of society
Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most Northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s?
They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories
I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical."
Thomas Jefferson
Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion?
Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority
Which of the following was a widely held belief among the Founding Fathers of the United States?
Widespread ownership of property is a bulwark of republican government
"I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement of our slave population. I am aware that many object to the severity of my language, but is there not cause for severity? On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation."
William Lloyd Garrison
The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of
William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator
France's support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily by
a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain
Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by
a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors
The first Great Awakening was
a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies
James Madison, in The Federalist paper number 10, stated that representative government would work in the United States because
a republic spread over a large territory would discourage the formation of effective political factions
By the time of the Revolution, the American colonists had generally come to believe that creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish
a small, limited government responsible to the people
All of the following conditions influenced the development of American agriculture during the first half of the nineteenth century EXCEPT
a widespread interest in conserving soil and natural resources
The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it
forestalled the possibility of European intervention
In the pre-Civil War era, the railroad's most important impact on the economy was the
accessibility to Eastern urban markets provided to Midwestern farmers
"The prevailing ideas entertained by . . . most of the leading statesmen at the time of the formation of the old Constitution were that the enslavement of the African was in violation of the laws of nature; that it was wrong in principle, socially, morally, and politically. . . . Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite ideas; its cornerstone rests upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and moral condition."
adoption of the Constitution of the Confederate States of America
All of the following were major factors in precipitating the formation of the first party system, which included the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans, EXCEPT
attitude toward slavery
The rough map above was used by Thomas Jefferson to
begin planning the division of federal lands into new States
Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his
call for direct subsidies to manufacturers
The main issue raised for historians by the differing reports of Henry's speech is the
credibility of historical evidence
The 1848 women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, was a protest against
customs and laws that gave women a status inferior to that of men
Shays' Rebellion frightened many Americans when
debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts
For colonists in America, the most important result of the British victory in the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was the
decision in London to make the colonies pay for their own governance and defense
Daniel Webster's address to the Senate in 1830 in reply to Senator Hayne is best remembered for its
defense of the principle of national union
The women's movement in the antebellum period was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
demands for equal compensation for equal work
Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to
ensure an adequate supply of ministers
An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the
enunciation of the doctrine of nullification
During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to
facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations
In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had
fewer European immigrants
To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of the following EXCEPT
grant subsidies to encourage industrial development
The North's advantages over the South at the outbreak of the Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT
greater agreement over war aims
President John Adams sought to avoid war with France because
he believed that he could negotiate successfully with France
In part, President Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost two years because
he sought to retain the loyalty of the border States
Thomas Jefferson's first election to the presidency was called "the revolution of 1800" because
his election brought a new party to power without violence
The drawing above has been cited as evidence of the nineteenth century middle-class view of the
home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit
A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he
hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations
The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to
impose revenue taxes on the colonies
The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to
increase England's prosperity
During the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall, a principal effect of Supreme Court decisions was to
increase the authority of the federal courts over the States
The Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 were notable accomplishments because they
initiated a territorial policy that provided for the orderly creation of new States
The Constitutional Convention designed the Electoral College to
insulate the presidency from the popular vote
In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American technology was his
introduction of interchangeable parts
Marbury v. Madison (1803) is famous for establishing the principle of
judicial review
Members of the Hudson River School were best known for their paintings of
landscapes
All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the
massive exodus of former slaves from the South.
Colonial cities functioned primarily as
mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods
The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily
northern merchants and southern planters
The map above shows the United States immediately following the
passage of the Missouri Compromise
Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was
possible British recognition of the Confederacy
The national governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of the United States were alike with respect to the
power to make alliances
An important reason for the proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine was to
prevent French interference in the internal affairs of Mexico
Constitution specifically gave Congress the power to
prohibit the importation of slaves as of 1808
Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to
promote business enterprise
In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with
protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to the former slaves
Parliament enacted the Stamp Act (1765) primarily to
raise revenue to pay for British troops in the colonies
The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the
rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation
In the colonial period, Quakers were known for all of the following EXCEPT their
refusal to pay taxes
Between 1820 and 1844, the Native American (Indian) population east of the Mississippi River decrease from 125,000 to 30,000. This decrease is best explained by the
removal of Indians by the federal government
The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it
repealed the Missouri Compromise
The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothing party was the
restriction of the rights of immigrants
The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothings party was the
restriction of the rights of immigrants
Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT
sale of federal lands to finance higher education
The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of
states' rights
When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to
strengthen the moral cause of the Union
The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it
strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions
A major effect of Nat Turner's revolt on the South was
stringent enforcement of the Black Codes
The Whigs of the 1830's and 1840's differed from the Jacksonian Democrats in that the Whigs
supported the American System of Henry Clay
Disestablishment of the Anglican church in Virginia in 1785 meant that
tax money was no longer used to support the church
John Marshall's opinions as a member of the Supreme Court were characterized by a
tendency to assert federal supremacy
The area marked X on the map was part of
the Louisiana Territory
One advantage the Confederacy held in the Civil War was that
the South had only to fight until the North wearied of the war, whereas the North had to conquer the South in order to win
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from
the United States Supreme Court
According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of
the absence of an aristocracy
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that
the authority of State governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional
A major defect in the national government established by the Articles of Confederation was that it lacked
the authority to tax
The establishment of Brook Farm and the Oneida Community in the antebellum United States reflected
the blossoming of perfectionist aspirations
The Radicals in Congress after the Civil War generally believed that
the federal government should enforce political equality for the freedmen.
The term "cult of domesticity" refers to
the idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers during the early nineteenth century
The Republican platform of 1860 included planks on all of the following EXCEPT
the immediate emancipation of the slaves
Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, and Washington, the capital of the Union, were only 100 miles apart. Yet for nearly four years neither the Confederate nor the Union armies could capture the other's capital mainly because
the natural path of armies between the capitals was hampered by wide rivers and estuaries
The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to
the natural population increase of American-born slaves
The Great Awakening in the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century had all of the following consequences EXCEPT
the renewed persecution of witches because of the heightened interest in the supernatural
Issuance of the document which contained the statement above resulted in
the revelation of the instability of many small western banks.
The early Virginia colony began to grow and prosper when
the settlers found they could export tobacco on the profitable basis
The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to
the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country
The Supreme Court in the Dartmouth College case (1819) held that the State of New Hampshire could not alter the charter of Dartmouth College once issued; to make any change would "impair the obligation of a contract" forbidden to the States by the federal Constitution. The main significance of the case was that it
threatened the power of the State to regulate and control business corporations
The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of
transporting African Americans to Africa
The "Great Awakening" refers to the
wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740's
In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both
were royal colonies
In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were
young unmarried women from rural New England
