APUSH Semester Review

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Deists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries believed that

natural laws, set by the Creator, govern the operation of the universe

American leaders during the Revolutionary period were profoundly influenced by British thinkers who stressed

the natural rights of man

The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because

the party in power stepped down after losing the election

When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans—we are all federalists," he meant that

the principles of American government were above party politics

The map above shows the United States

1821

The American Transcendentalists may be characterized as which of the following?

A group of Northern intellectuals who shared a belief in the value of human intuition, the presence of divinity in nature, and an emotional comprehension of God

Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century New England?

A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities

"In the new Code of Law which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would remember the Ladies."

Abigail Adams

Let it not be said I am contending for the establishment of political and social equality between the whites and blacks. I have already said the contrary. I am not now combating the argument of NECESSITY, arising from the fact that the blacks are already amongst us; but I am combating what I set up as MORAL argument for allowing them to be taken where they have yet been—arguing against the EXTENSION of a bad thing, which where it already exists we must of necessity, manage as we best can."

Abraham Lincoln

Andrew Johnson's conception of what was to be done following the Civil War is best described by the term

"restoration"

The United States reversed its earlier refusal and proceeded to annex Texas for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A Mexican Army was on its way toward Texas to reconquer it

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States decision to declare war against Great Britain In 1812?

American military and economic preparedness for war

The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

American patriots realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable

Of the following, which was the principal issue on which the United States sought settlement with Great Britain at the outset of the War of 1812?

An end to impressment

The document in which the above statement appeared was issued during the presidential administration of

Andrew Jackson

All of the following statements about pre-Civil War American slavery are true EXCEPT

Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Ireland

The people who settled New England in the seventeenth century were known as Puritans from their attempt to purify the

Church of England

After the Dred Scott case was decided, Stephen Douglas did which of the following?

Continued to believe that the people of a territory could exclude slavery if they wished to do so.

Asserted the right of Parliament to legislate in all matters regarding the colonies

Declaratory Act

". . . the descendants of Africans who were imported into this country, and sold as slaves . . . are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word 'citizens' in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States."

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of slavery in the United States in the first quarter of the nineteenth century?

Invention of the cotton gin

Which of the following groups was LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s?

Established merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia

The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following?

Established the terms for settlement and admission of new States

Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "Redeemer" administrations?

Establishment of a public school system

In 1787-1789, which of the following groups was most likely to oppose ratification of the Constitution?

Farmers in isolated areas

Adopted the Continental Association as a plan for commercial nonintercourse with England

First Continental Congress

Declared an act of the Georgia legislature unconstitutional as a violation of contract

Fletcher v. Peck

All of the following reflected a states' rights position EXCEPT the

Fourteenth Amendment

France assisted the American colonies in their struggle for independence against Great Britain mainly because of

France's desire to avenge recent defeats at the hands of Great Britain

On which of the following principles did most Jacksonian agree?

Freedom of economic opportunity

"The Negro slaves of the South are the happiest, and in some sense, the freest people in the world. They enjoy liberty, because they're oppressed neither by care nor labor. The free laborer must work or starve. He is more a slave than the Negro."

George Fitzhugh

"Let me . . . warn you in the most solemn manner against the ruinous effects of the spirit of party. . . . The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension . . . is itself a frightful despotism."

George Washington's concern about the development of political parties during his administration

Ruled that a State's power over commerce could not interfere with federal control over interstate commerce

Gibbons v. Ogden

Thomas Jefferson opposed some of Alexander Hamilton's programs because Jefferson believed that

Hamilton's programs favored wealthy financial interests

"That it be and hereby is recommended to the legislatures of the several states represented in this convention, to adopt all such measures as may be necessary effectually to protect the citizens of said states from the operation and effects of all acts which have been or may be passed by the Congress of the United States, which shall contain provisions, subjecting the militia or other citizens to forcible drafts, conscriptions, or impressments, not authorized by the Constitution of the United States."

Hartford Convention

I. Land speculators with interests west of the Appalachians II. Newspaper editors and lawyers III. Farmers wishing to settle in the Ohio River valley IV. Boston smugglers

I, II, III, and IV

I Political repression of dissident Protestants II An economic recession III Restrictions on Puritan religious practices

I, II, and III

I. Government aid to American shipping II. Increasing the appropriation for military purposes III. Increasing domestic federal taxation IV. A homestead bill granting free land to settlers

I, II, and III only

I. A majority supported Andrew Jackson but did not support Martin Van Buren II. They became politically more active during Andrew Jackson's presidency III. A majority failed to identify with a political party

II and III only

Which of the following provided sources of revenue for the federal government in the period from 1800 to 1860?

III and IV only

The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects?

It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America

Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas?

It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's

Which of the following is a true statement about the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution?

It recognized United States sovereignty over territory east of the Mississippi, between the Great Lakes and Florida

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia?

It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in the tobacco fields

Which of the following statements about the Dred Scott decision is correct?

It stated that black people were not citizens of the United States

Which of the following statements about the Monroe Doctrine is accurate?

It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems

Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation?

It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament

Which of the following facts casts the greatest doubt on the accuracy of Jefferson's note confirming the concluding phrase of Henry's speech?

Jefferson's note was written fifty-two years after the speech was delivered

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in

Kansas

The Supreme Court declared an action by a State unconstitutional in all of the following cases EXCEPT

Marbury v. Madison

Ruled that the power of a State to tax a federal instrumentality implied the power to destroy that instrumentality and, therefore, that such taxation was unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?

Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican War

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the

Missouri Compromise

The graph above refutes which of the following statements?

Most southern families held slaves

Which of the following was a provision of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

New States created from the Northwest Territory were to be on an equal footing with the original States

Federal Reconstruction policies between 1867 and 1876 followed, for the most part, the wishes of

Northern Republicans in Congress

The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned

Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests

Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward political parties?

Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government

"Goaded to desperation by the tactics of the frontier trappers and traders, affronted by the refusal of the English to continue the French practice of annual gifts, and foreseeing the crowding of the territory by English settlers, the Indians of the Ohio valley formed a grand confederacy under the leadership of the chief of the Ottawa."

Pontiac's Conspiracy (1763)

The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Which of the following stressed the importance of individual inspiration, self-reliance, dissent, and nonconformity?

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Which of the following most likely increased Mexican suspicion of United States territorial objectives in the 1830's and 1840's?

Rhetoric on "manifest destiny" in the American Press

Which of the following moved in greatest numbers into Appalachia as the American Indians of the region were defeated?

Scotch-Irish, German, and English immigrants

Promulgated the Articles of Confederation

Second Continental Congress

Which of the following best explains why Massachusetts Bay officials banished Anne Hutchinson?

She challenged gender roles and Puritan orthodoxy

Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era?

She generally lost control of her property when she married

Which of the following is true of the slave system in eighteenth-century British North America?

Slave owners gained increased legal power over their slaves

Before 1861 the Republican Party's view on the slavery issue was best characterized by which of the following?

Slavery should be permitted only in those areas where it already existed

A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts."

Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations

". . . if the people of a territory want slavery, they have a right to have it, and if they do not want it, no power on earth can force it upon them. I hold that there is no principle on earth more sacred to all the friends of freedom than that which says that no institution, no law, no constitution, should be forced on an unwilling people contrary to their wishes. . . ."

Stephen A. Douglas

Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877?

The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election

Which of the following was Great Britain's justification for its continued occupation of a number of posts on United States soil despite the terms of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?

The United States had violated the treaty clauses dealing with the restoration of Loyalist property

The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following?

The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans

In the presidential campaign of 1860, which of the following positions was asserted by the Republican party platform with respect to slavery?

The extension of slavery to United States territories should be prohibited by the federal government, but slavery should be protected in the States where it already existed

Which of the following reflected the increasing conflict between Great Britain and her American colonies from the time of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773 to the end of 1775?

The formation of a network of local colonial committees to enforce anti-British measures and punish those sympathizing with Great Britain

The Stono Rebellion and the New York conspiracy trials of 1741 revealed which of the following?

The inability of newcomers to acquire fertile farmland

Many of the Founding Fathers sought to establish a republican form of government which, although extending popular participation, would nevertheless promote rule only by the worthiest and wisest. Which of the following is LEAST relevant to the Founding Fathers' ideal of "mixed government"?

The lessening of regional tensions by establishing the capital in Washington, D.C.

Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration?

The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased

The illustration above was most likely meant to symbolize which of the following?

The principles of republican agrarianism

President Jackson's Native American (Indian) policy resulted in which of the following?

The removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to settlements across the Mississippi

Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?"

The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery shall be permitted there

Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?

Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans

Which of the following was a characteristic of colonial Pennsylvania?

There was no established church

Which of the following statements concerning colonial legislative assemblies before 1763 is most accurate?

They enacted laws that royal governors could not veto

Which of the following is a correct statement about the "Black Codes" enacted in the South after the Civil War?

They prompted congressional Republicans to demand harsher measures against the South.

Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of 17th century Puritans toward religious liberty?

They tolerated no one whose expressed religious views varied from their own views

The colonists of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island had which of the following in common?

They were founded as refuges from religious persecution

Which of the following is correct about the tariffs passed during the period 1816-1828?

They were the first tariffs whose major purpose was protection

New Harmony and Brook Farm had which of the following in common?

They were utopian communities that separated from the rest of society

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most Northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s?

They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories

I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical."

Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion?

Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority

Which of the following was a widely held belief among the Founding Fathers of the United States?

Widespread ownership of property is a bulwark of republican government

"I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement of our slave population. I am aware that many object to the severity of my language, but is there not cause for severity? On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation."

William Lloyd Garrison

The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of

William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator

France's support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily by

a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by

a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

The first Great Awakening was

a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies

James Madison, in The Federalist paper number 10, stated that representative government would work in the United States because

a republic spread over a large territory would discourage the formation of effective political factions

By the time of the Revolution, the American colonists had generally come to believe that creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish

a small, limited government responsible to the people

All of the following conditions influenced the development of American agriculture during the first half of the nineteenth century EXCEPT

a widespread interest in conserving soil and natural resources

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it

forestalled the possibility of European intervention

In the pre-Civil War era, the railroad's most important impact on the economy was the

accessibility to Eastern urban markets provided to Midwestern farmers

"The prevailing ideas entertained by . . . most of the leading statesmen at the time of the formation of the old Constitution were that the enslavement of the African was in violation of the laws of nature; that it was wrong in principle, socially, morally, and politically. . . . Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite ideas; its cornerstone rests upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and moral condition."

adoption of the Constitution of the Confederate States of America

All of the following were major factors in precipitating the formation of the first party system, which included the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans, EXCEPT

attitude toward slavery

The rough map above was used by Thomas Jefferson to

begin planning the division of federal lands into new States

Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his

call for direct subsidies to manufacturers

The main issue raised for historians by the differing reports of Henry's speech is the

credibility of historical evidence

The 1848 women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, was a protest against

customs and laws that gave women a status inferior to that of men

Shays' Rebellion frightened many Americans when

debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts

For colonists in America, the most important result of the British victory in the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was the

decision in London to make the colonies pay for their own governance and defense

Daniel Webster's address to the Senate in 1830 in reply to Senator Hayne is best remembered for its

defense of the principle of national union

The women's movement in the antebellum period was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

demands for equal compensation for equal work

Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to

ensure an adequate supply of ministers

An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the

enunciation of the doctrine of nullification

During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to

facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations

In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had

fewer European immigrants

To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of the following EXCEPT

grant subsidies to encourage industrial development

The North's advantages over the South at the outbreak of the Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT

greater agreement over war aims

President John Adams sought to avoid war with France because

he believed that he could negotiate successfully with France

In part, President Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost two years because

he sought to retain the loyalty of the border States

Thomas Jefferson's first election to the presidency was called "the revolution of 1800" because

his election brought a new party to power without violence

The drawing above has been cited as evidence of the nineteenth century middle-class view of the

home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit

A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he

hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations

The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to

impose revenue taxes on the colonies

The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to

increase England's prosperity

During the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall, a principal effect of Supreme Court decisions was to

increase the authority of the federal courts over the States

The Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 were notable accomplishments because they

initiated a territorial policy that provided for the orderly creation of new States

The Constitutional Convention designed the Electoral College to

insulate the presidency from the popular vote

In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American technology was his

introduction of interchangeable parts

Marbury v. Madison (1803) is famous for establishing the principle of

judicial review

Members of the Hudson River School were best known for their paintings of

landscapes

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the

massive exodus of former slaves from the South.

Colonial cities functioned primarily as

mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods

The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily

northern merchants and southern planters

The map above shows the United States immediately following the

passage of the Missouri Compromise

Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was

possible British recognition of the Confederacy

The national governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of the United States were alike with respect to the

power to make alliances

An important reason for the proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine was to

prevent French interference in the internal affairs of Mexico

Constitution specifically gave Congress the power to

prohibit the importation of slaves as of 1808

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to

promote business enterprise

In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with

protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to the former slaves

Parliament enacted the Stamp Act (1765) primarily to

raise revenue to pay for British troops in the colonies

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the

rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation

In the colonial period, Quakers were known for all of the following EXCEPT their

refusal to pay taxes

Between 1820 and 1844, the Native American (Indian) population east of the Mississippi River decrease from 125,000 to 30,000. This decrease is best explained by the

removal of Indians by the federal government

The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it

repealed the Missouri Compromise

The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothing party was the

restriction of the rights of immigrants

The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothings party was the

restriction of the rights of immigrants

Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT

sale of federal lands to finance higher education

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of

states' rights

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to

strengthen the moral cause of the Union

The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it

strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions

A major effect of Nat Turner's revolt on the South was

stringent enforcement of the Black Codes

The Whigs of the 1830's and 1840's differed from the Jacksonian Democrats in that the Whigs

supported the American System of Henry Clay

Disestablishment of the Anglican church in Virginia in 1785 meant that

tax money was no longer used to support the church

John Marshall's opinions as a member of the Supreme Court were characterized by a

tendency to assert federal supremacy

The area marked X on the map was part of

the Louisiana Territory

One advantage the Confederacy held in the Civil War was that

the South had only to fight until the North wearied of the war, whereas the North had to conquer the South in order to win

In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from

the United States Supreme Court

According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of

the absence of an aristocracy

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that

the authority of State governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional

A major defect in the national government established by the Articles of Confederation was that it lacked

the authority to tax

The establishment of Brook Farm and the Oneida Community in the antebellum United States reflected

the blossoming of perfectionist aspirations

The Radicals in Congress after the Civil War generally believed that

the federal government should enforce political equality for the freedmen.

The term "cult of domesticity" refers to

the idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers during the early nineteenth century

The Republican platform of 1860 included planks on all of the following EXCEPT

the immediate emancipation of the slaves

Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, and Washington, the capital of the Union, were only 100 miles apart. Yet for nearly four years neither the Confederate nor the Union armies could capture the other's capital mainly because

the natural path of armies between the capitals was hampered by wide rivers and estuaries

The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to

the natural population increase of American-born slaves

The Great Awakening in the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century had all of the following consequences EXCEPT

the renewed persecution of witches because of the heightened interest in the supernatural

Issuance of the document which contained the statement above resulted in

the revelation of the instability of many small western banks.

The early Virginia colony began to grow and prosper when

the settlers found they could export tobacco on the profitable basis

The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to

the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country

The Supreme Court in the Dartmouth College case (1819) held that the State of New Hampshire could not alter the charter of Dartmouth College once issued; to make any change would "impair the obligation of a contract" forbidden to the States by the federal Constitution. The main significance of the case was that it

threatened the power of the State to regulate and control business corporations

The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of

transporting African Americans to Africa

The "Great Awakening" refers to the

wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740's

In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both

were royal colonies

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were

young unmarried women from rural New England


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