APUSH test
Dawes Allotment Act
1887 law that divided up reservations and allowed parcels of land to individual Indians as private property. In the end, the American government sold almost two-thirds of "surplus" Indian land to white settlers. The Dawes Act dealt a crippling blow to traditional tribal culture.
Boomers
50,000 or so settlers that legally entered Oklahmoa after the government supplied freed Indian land
What was one of the consequences of the November 1864 massacre at Sand Creek where Colonel John M. Chivington and his Colorado militia killed 270 Cheyenne?
Chivington and his men were hailed as heroes by the city of Denver. Chivington's men ignored the Cheyenne leader's signal of surrender and proceeded to scalp and mutilate the Indians, most of them women and children. The city of Denver treated the soldiers as heroes, but a congressional inquiry denounced them for their "savage cruelty" and their "fiendish malignity." Chivington avoided a court-martial by resigning his commission and leaving the army.
Greenback-Labor Party
Political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of Congress.
Ghost Dance
Spiritual revival in 1890 by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee
What did the government do to try and assimilate Native Americans?
The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Indians behaved like "good white settlers" then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship. The Dawes Act attempted to assimilate the Indians with the white men. The Dawes Act remained the basis of the government's official Indian policy until the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. In 1879, the government funded the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania.
Describe the non-violent form of resistance employed by NA on the Plains by the 1880s
The Ghost Dance- believed that it would make the dead come back, bison would come back, and white people would be destroyed. White men thought this was violent so they had the Wounded Knee Massacre, many NA died.
Frederick Jackson Turner
United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951)
Cooperatives
businesses owned and operated by members of Granger
Analyze the significance of Frederick Jackson Turner's "Frontier Thesis"
the frontier has gone and with its going has closed the first period of American history, 1893 worlds columbian exposition, set apart main americans from americans (like immigrants)
Indian Reorganization Act
"Indian New Deal" 1934 partially reserved the individualistic approach and belatedly tried to restore the tribal basis of indian life, Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs.
Describe the problems Indians faced in dealing with the federal government
"forced assimilation"- forced indians into american culture, this was to destroy the indian and save the man. NA went to school and dressed like white people
Battle of Little Big Horn
1876 Battle in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory where Custer's Seventh Cavalry was massacred when they attempted to suppress the Sioux and return them to their reservation. Crazy Horse led the Sioux in battle, and killed every one of Custer's men. The Indians were later pursued over the plains and crushed in a series of battles.
Battle of the Little Big Horn
1876 battle begun when American calvary under George Armstrong Custer attacked an encampment of Indians who refused to remove to a reservation. Indian warriors led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull annihilated the American soldiers, but their victory was short lived.
Charlisle Indian School
1879 Government funded Indian school; to educate and civilize the Natives; paid for by the proceeds of the Dawes act where indian lands were sold for railroads
Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 law that effectively barred Chinese immigration and set a precedent for further immigration restrictions. The Chinese population in America dropped sharply as a result of the passage of the act, which was fueled by racial and cultural animosities.
Wounded Knee
1890 massacre of Sioux Indians by American cavalry at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. Sent to suppress the Ghost Dance, the soldiers opened fire on the Sioux as they attempted to surrender. More than two hundred Sioux men, women, and children were killed.
Which of the following defines Comanchería?
A complex Indian empire based on trade in horses, hides, guns, and captives. Comanchería was a great Indian empire, based on trade in horses, hides, guns, and captives, which had in the eighteenth century stretched from the Canadian plains to Mexico. By 1865 it was much reduced in size and population and, after the Indian Wars, consisted of fewer than 1,500 Indians confined on the reservation at Fort Sill.
Which occurrence instigated the massacre of Sitting Bull's tribe at Wounded Knee?
A gun misfired as the Indians were laying down their weapons. In December 1890, Indian police killed Sitting Bull. His people fled the scene but were apprehended by a cavalry regiment near Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. The Indians were laying down their arms when a shot rang out, and the army responded by turning their Hotchkiss machine guns on the Indians, killing more than two hundred men, women, and children within a matter of minutes.
Homestead Act of 1862
Act that promised 160 acres in the trans-Mississippi West free to any citizen or prospective citizen who settled on the land for five years. The act spurred American settlement of the West. Altogether, nearly one-tenth of the United States was granted to settlers.
How were the buffalo reduced form 15 million to less than a thousand?
After the Civil War, over 15 million bison grazed the western plains. By 1885, fewer than 1000 were left after the bison had been slaughtered for their tongues, hides, or for amusement. Both whites and natives were using the buffalo for a source of food and other things.
Great American Desert
After the devastating 6-year drought in the West in the 1880s had destroyed farmers' crops, "dry farming" took root on the plains. Its methods of frequent shallow cultivation were adapted to the dry western environment, but over time it depleted and dried the soil.; Once wheat was introduced to the West, it flourished. Eventually federally-financed irrigation projects caused this place to bloom to bloom
Cross of Gold Speech
An address given by Bryan, the Democratic presidential nominee during the national convention of the Democratic party, it criticized the gold standard and supported the coinage of silver. His beliefs were popular with debt-ridden farmers.
Describe the effect of the Dawes Act on Indian life and culture
Dawes Act- abolished reservations and gave land to the indians, not enough land so had to reduce indian land even further
Congress passed the 1887 Dawes Act in order to
Divide reservations and allot parcels of land to individual Indians. The Dawes Act broke up reservations and gave each Indian an allotment of land. Philanthropists presented the measure as a way to foster individualism among Indians and give them the rights of citizenship. In reality, the act reduced the amount of Indian land and opened up large amounts of surplus land for white settlement, which destroyed Indian culture.
John Wesley Powell
Explorer of the Colorado River;s Grand Canyon and director of the U.S> Geological Survey, warmed in 1874 that beyond the 100th meridian so little rain fell that agriculture was impossible without massive irrigation. His idea let to the Blossoming of the Great American Desert.
What was the result of American farmers' increasing dependence on world markets for their livelihood in the late nineteenth century?
Farmers became vulnerable to fluctuations in global market prices. American farmers all over the nation became more tied into world markets in the late nineteenth century. More and more grain and livestock farmers were dependent on overseas trade. A fall in world prices could mean that a farmer's entire crop went toward debts, and in periods of depression, many farmers lost their heavily mortgaged land to creditors.
George Catlin
First painted portraits of American Indian Life. First person to envision the idea of a national park; influenced YellowStone
Which of the following Indian leaders lived long enough to appear at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition and ride in Theodore Roosevelt's 1905 Inaugural Parade?
Geronimo. After he was apprehended by the U.S. Army and survived six years of imprisonment in Florida, Geronimo became a minor celebrity and symbol of the Indian West. Despite his wishes, however, he was never allowed to return to Arizona and was buried in Oklahoma after his 1909 death.
James B. Weaver
He was a general during the Civil War. He was chosen as the presidential candidate of the Populist party. He was a Granger with an apt for public speaking. He only ended up getting three percent of the popular votes which is really a large number for a third party candidate.
Explain the statement "The amazing mechanization of agriculture in the postwar years was almost as striking as the mechanization of industry."
Historians generally agree that the Civil War was the first modern war, meaning the first in which technology and industrial strength played a significant role.
Describe and understand the role of the U.S. government in promoting settlement of the Far West
Homestead Act of 1862- put out by Abraham Lincoln to promote settlement to the west in an effort to stop the confederates, 160 acres free to anyone who settled on the land for 5 years
Comancheria
Indian empire based on trade in horses, hides, guns, and captives that stretched from the Canadian plains to Mexico in the eighteenth century. By 1865, fewer than five thousand Comanches lived in the empire, which ranged from west Texas north to Oklahoma.
Carlisle Indian School
Institution established in Pennsylvania in 1879 to educate and assimilate American indians. It pioneered the "outing system," in which Indian students were sent to live with white families in order to accelerate acculturation.
Why was cattle ranching so profitable in the 1870's?
It was the only solution to the problem of not being able to get the cattle to the railroads. It was also very dangerous, and difficult.
Reservations
Land given by the federal government to American Indians beginning in the 1860s in an attempt to reduce tensions between Indians and western settlers. On reservations, Indians subsisted on meager government rations and faced a life of poverty and starvation.
Which factor led to the development of migratory agricultural labor in California in the late nineteenth century?
Land monopoly and large-scale farming. In the 1870s, less than 1 percent of Californians owned over half the state's agricultural land. The rigid economies of large-scale commercial farming and the seasonal nature of the crops generated a large contingent of migratory agricultural laborers who worked in the fields during the growing season and wintered the flophouses of San Francisco.
Chief Joseph
Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations searching for Sitting Bull. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations where he surrendered his men.
Eugene V. Debs
Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
Black Hills
Mountains in western South Dakota and northeast Wyoming that are sacred to the Lakota Sioux. In the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, the United States guaranteed Indians control of the Black Hills but broke its promise after gold was discovered there in 1874.
Describe how the near-extinction of the bison undermined the Indians' way of life
NA major food supply, culture, and shelter was cut off because white men were killing bison so that NA would become more independent on them. most NA let go and eventually moved on to reservations
The Grange
National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry;to enhance the lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities.; radually raised their goals from individual self-improvement to improvement of the farmers' collective troubles. They established cooperatively owned stores for consumers and cooperatively owned grain elevators and warehouses for producers; those who went into politics introduced grange laws which held the idea of public control of private business for the general welfare. influence faded as courts reversed their laws
Sioux
Native Americans in the Dakotas. Massacred Custer at Battle of Little Bighorn. Many were later massacred at Wounded Knee in 1890; Displaced from the great lakes; transformed into nomadic traders and deadly buffalo hunters; almost extinguished bison
Describe the effect of westward expansion on Native Americans.
Native Americans were pushed further west, or killed by the whites. They were effected by disease and the wars. Eventually pushed into Indian Reserves, and many changed their life style the the Sioux to be more nomadic. Many were forced to convert and submit to the white style of living and morals and religion.
Fourth Party System
New party system that emerged in 1896 after the McKinley/Bryan election; marked the end of a large scale effort to gain agrarian votes, diminished voter participation, weakening of party organization, & fading issues of money & civil service reform
Did the Homestead Act live up to its purpose of giving small farmers a decent life on the plains?
No, The Homestead Act turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation. Many homesteaders were forced to give their homesteads back to the government.
Which criterion typically formed the basis for the president's appointment of territorial governors?
Party loyalty. Territorial appointments were the result of patronage and the spoils system. Individuals who had demonstrated loyalty to the president's political party were often rewarded with political posts. Most appointees had no prior knowledge of the territory they served or of the responsibilities they were expected to carry out.
Joseph F. Glidden
Perfected barbed wire, and solved the problem of how to build fences on the treeless prairies.
Long Drive
Process in which Texas cowboys would drive herds of cattle thousands strong over the plains until they reached a railroad terminal, such as Dodge City, Abilene, or Cheyenne. It became significantly less profitable when homesteaders and sheepherders began to put up barbed-fences by which the cattle could not cross.
first transcontinental railroad
Railroad completed in 1869 that was the first to span the North American continent. Built in large part by Chinese laborers, this railroad and others opened access to new areas, fueled land speculation, and actively recruited settlers.
Dingley Tariff Bill
Raised tariff pushed through in 1897 by Republicans who had contributed strongly to Mark Hanna's campaign. Lobbyists raised the average rates to 46.5 percent.; proposed new high tariff rates to generate enough revenue to cover the annual Treasury deficits.
Ghost Dance
Religion founded in 1889 by Paiute shaman Wovoka that combined elements of Christianity and traditional Indian religion and served as a nonviolent form of resistance for Indians in the late nineteenth century.
In the 1830s, the United States government's Native American policy advocated what approach?
Removal of the Indians to land west of the Mississippi River. From the early days of the Republic through the middle of the nineteenth century, the U.S. government pursued a policy of Indian removal in which it forcibly removed Native American tribes from their land to areas beyond the immediate interests of white settlers. This policy persisted until western lands no longer seemed inexhaustible and the U.S. government began to create Indian reservations.
Analyze some of the significant confrontations between western indian tribes and the U.S. government/army during the Plains Indians Wars
Sand Creek- Colorado militia (white people) killed 240 indians, indians surrendered. Geronimo (a wild apache who was famous) fled and was captured. Black Hills, South Dakota was sacred land and gold was discovered here. us gov made promise not to take gold land but they did and kicked everyone out. Little big horn- Colonial Custard lead men and raided a tribe but failed.
What did powerful labor unions along the Comstock provide to their workers?
Sick benefits and medical assistance. Unions formed quickly on the Comstock Lode and gained significant bargaining power, helping their members command relatively high wages. The unions provided good sick benefits and hired nurses to tend to sick or injured miners.
Yellowstone
Signed into a national park in 1871 by Ulysses S. Grant, it is the first ever national park in the world, established in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho
Comstock Lode
Silver ore deposit discovered in 1859 in Nevada.
How did the move west affect women's household duties?
Simple daily chores required more physical labor. For women, obtaining the daily necessities of life such as water and fuel involved incredibly hard work. Water was scarce, and women had to collect it from creeks or springs that could be as much as half a mile away from their houses. The most common source of fuel was dried cattle and buffalo dung, which had to be gathered from the plains and grasslands.
The U.S. government reneged on the second Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), after which of the following events?
The discovery of gold in the Black Hills. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills of the Dakotas in 1874 prompted the U.S. government to break its promise to the Indians who signed the 1868 treaty. Miners began flooding the area, and the Northern Pacific Railroad made plans to lay track. After the Lakota Sioux refused the government's initial offer to buy the Black Hills, the army issued an ultimatum ordering all Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne bands onto the Pine Ridge Reservation.
What problems faced farmers in the closing decades of the 19th century?
The farmers of the West became attached to the one-crop economy - wheat or corn - and were in the same lot as the southern cotton farmers. The price of their product was determined in a unprotected world market by the world output. In 1870, the lack of currency in circulation forced the price of crops to go down. Thousands of farms had mortgages, with the mortgage rates rising ever higher.
How did nature, government, and business all harm farmers?
The good soil of the West was becoming poor, and floods added to the problem of erosion. Beginning in the summer of 1887, a series of droughts forced many people to abandon their farms and towns. Farmers were forced to sell their low-priced products in an unprotected world market, while buying high-priced manufactured goods in a tariff-protected home market. Farmers were also controlled by corporations and processors. Farmers were at the mercy of the harvester trust, the barbed-wire trust, and the fertilizer trust, all of which could control the output and raise prices to high levels. Even though farmers made up ½ the population in 1890, they never successfully organized to restrict production until forced to do so by the federal government 50 years later.
Why did President Cleveland send in federal troops during the Pullman Strike?
The strike was broken by President Cleveland because the railroad workers had stopped the trains, harming commerce in the US.
William McKinley
The twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last veteran of the Civil War to be elected. By the 1880s, this Ohio native was a nationally known Republican leader; his signature issue was high tariffs on imports as a formula for prosperity, as typified by his McKinley Tariff of 1890. As the Republican candidate in the 1896 presidential election, he upheld the gold standard, and promoted pluralism among ethnic groups.
William Jennings Bryan
This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of "free silver" (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America's imperialist actions, and in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial.
Why did the U.S. Congress appropriate funds for Indian education in 1877?
To remove Native American children from their families encourage their assimilation. The U.S. Congress appropriated funds for Indian education in order to remove students from the "contamination" of tribal values and encourage their assimilation to white culture and values. Such schools confiscated children's clothing and belongings, cut their hair, changed their names, and even sent students to live with white families during summer vacations.
Analyze the factors that led to the reservation system and the effect it had on Indians
Transcontinental railroad, land grants, Ulysses S. Grant's "peace policy"- designed to segregate native americans from settlers moving out west, the reservation system gave NA the bad land and left them impoverished, it also made them dependent on the government
Battle of Wounded Knee
US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars., A battle between the U.S. Army and the Dakota Sioux, in which several hundred Native Americans and 29 U.S. soldiers died. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues: the Sioux practice of the "Ghost Dance," which the U.S. government had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act.
Who founded The Indian Rights Association in 1882?
White easterners who sought to end tribal communalism and foster individualism. The Indian Rights Association was formed by white easterners who campaigned for the dismantling of reservations, which they saw as an impediment to Indians' progress. This group suggested that the U.S. government should "cease to treat the Indian as a red man and treat him as a man" by granting plots of land for individual Indians to own privately.
By the end of the nineteenth century, Virginia City had evolved to become
a diverse urban community built to serve an industrial giant. By the 1870s Virginia City was an established urban community serving the Comstock's industrial mines that boasted churches, schools, theaters, an opera house, and hundreds of families. The city's population of 25,000 was quite diverse, consisting of native born white Americans, a variety of immigrants, African Americans, Mexicans, Chinese men, and American Indians. Women made up about thirty percent of the population.
Wild Bill Hickok
a gunman who killed only in self-defense or in the line of duty, ordered the "cowtown" at Abilene; shot in the back of the head while playing poker
Pike's Peak
a mountain peak in the Rockies in Central Colorado where gold and silver were discovered...this led to a mad rush in the direction of this area; "59ers" "Pikes-Peakers"
Coxey's Army
a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by the populist Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time
Homestead Act
allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30. Instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm. The Homestead Act turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation. Many homesteaders were forced to give their homesteads back to the government.
Mechanization revolutionized farming by increasing the
amount of land one farmer could cultivate. Mechanized farm machinery—including steel plows, reapers, mowers, combines and threshers—replaced human muscle on farms, and steam-powered machines took the place of horse-drawn implements. By 1880, a single combine could do the work that had required twenty men in 1850. These changes vastly increased the acreage a farmer could cultivate and led to dramatic growth in farm production.
Mark Hannah
an American industrialist and Republican politician from Cleveland, Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate, William McKinley, in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896 in a well-funded political campaign and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate.
Indian Territory
area covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most American Indians in the SE were forced to move in the 1830s
Dawes Act
dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Indians behaved like "good white settlers" then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship. The Dawes Act attempted to assimilate the Indians with the white men; remained Indian policy until the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Buffalo Bill Cody
employed by the Kansas Pacific, and killed over 4,000 animals in 18 months
Comstock Lode
first discovered in 1858 by Henry Comstock, some of the most plentiful and valuable silver was found here, causing many Californians to migrate here, and settle Nevada.
The easiest way to get rich on the Comstock was to
form a mining company and sell shares of stock. The financial capital and expensive technology needed to exploit silver claims was beyond the means of the average prospector. As a result, an active stock market sprang up in San Francisco to finance mining operations. Shrewd businessmen quickly realized that the easiest way to get rich was to sell their claims or to organize mining companies and sell stock to investors.
The Farmer's Alliance
founded in Texas in the late 1870s farmers came together in the Alliance to socialize, but more importantly to break the strangling grip of the railroads and manufacturers through cooperative buying and selling; chapters spread through out the south; weakened self by ignoring the landless tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and farm workers; People's party emerged from these people in early 1890s (Populists)
Explain the American concept of "manifest destiny"
god given right to push westward, coast to coast
Give examples to contrast the "mythic west" with life in the real west
hardship loneliness and deprivation, reality of west was that it was hard
Combine
increased the speed of harvesting wheat by the 1880s; The mechanization of farms brought about the idea that farms were "outdoor grain factories."
Sitting Bull
inspired the aggravated Sioux people to attack, Chief Joseph hoped to rendezvous, took refuge in fort off the border of Canada after the Little Big Horn; inspiration engaged fighting to hold together Indian spirit and culture
Pullman Palace Car Company
manufactured railroad cars; nationwide conflict between labor unions and railraods; 3000 employees began a wilde cat strike in response to recent reductions in wages, stopping traffic in chicago
Sooners
overeager and well armed settlers who were illegally jumping the gun who had entered the Oklahoma Territory, and had to be evicted repeatedly to federal troops
Mary Elizabeth Lease
queen of the Populist "calamity howlers" reportedly demanded that Kansans should raise "less corn and more hell"; "we don't want anymore states until we can civilize kansas.
The nature of settlement in the late-nineteenth-century West created a society notable for its
racism and prejudice. The late-nineteenth-century West was as heterogeneous as eastern cities, bringing together immigrants from Europe, Asia, Canada, and the East as well as Mormons, African Americans, Mexicans, Latinos, and Indian tribes. The result was not tolerance but instead a complex blend of racism and prejudice, which resulted in brutal treatment of, and discrimination against, nonwhite migrants.
Montgomery Ward
sent out the first catalogue in 1872, changed the market and allowed for mail order more available than what they see in the stores
Examine the significance of the mining industry in promoting settlement of the Far West
silver mining and gold mining (CA, SD, CO) brought immigrants from all over to these areas looking for gold
Deflation
simply not enough dollars to go around; as result prices forced down; people lived year after year in more and more debt; New industrial feudalism
1890
the Mormon church outlawed polygamy;the superintendent of the census announced that for the first time, a frontier line was no longer evident; all the unsettled areas were now broken up by isolated bodies of settlement. Western migration may have actually caused urban employers to maintain wage rates high enough to discourage workers from leaving to go farm the West. Cities of the West began to grow as failed farmers, failed miners, and unhappy easterners sought fortune in cities. After 1880, the area from the Rockies to the Pacific Coast was the most urbanized region in America, measured by the percentage of people living in cities. Inspired Turner's essay
Silver Senators
the Treasury injected the silver issue into American politics, representing the West, using influence to promote the interests of the silver miners
George Armstrong Custer
the buckskin-clad "boy general" of Civil War fame, colonel and fought against Native Indians, wrote that Fetterman massacre "awakened a bitter feeling toward the savage perpetrators", announced that he had discovered gold in the Sioux reservation, led the Seventh Cavalry: Americans wanted revenge for his humiliation
Trace the development and significance of cattle drives
the cattle followed railroads onto plains looking for graze, they got in the way so barbed wire was invented to keep cattle away from railroads
Homesteaders who received 160 acres of free land from the federal government reached the West only to find
they needed up to $1,000 for other expenses. Farmers who settled on western land under the terms of the Homestead Act of 1862 received 160 acres for free. However, they still had to have money to construct shelter, purchase a team of farm animals, dig a well, build fencing, and obtain seed, which in total could cost as much as $1,000.
Bozeman Trail
trial to the MOntana gold fields, Sioux war party wanted it to stop so they ambushed it not leaving a single soul, they mutilated the corpses disrespectfully, disrespect angered Custer and let to american vengeance.
Frederick Remington
was an American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and writer who specialized in depictions of the American West. Artist who accompanied the USV during the Spanish-American War.
Great Sioux Reservation
where Native Americans were herded by the federal government after giving up their ancestral land for the promise of being left alone with food and clothing they were never sufficiently taken care of
